Kev siv acetylene. Acetylene vuam
Kev siv acetylene. Acetylene vuam

Video: Kev siv acetylene. Acetylene vuam

Video: Kev siv acetylene. Acetylene vuam
Video: Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm Yuav Ua Li Cas 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Yuav kom nkag siab qhov twg acetylene siv, nws yuav tsum tau kawm thiab nkag siab tias nws yog dab tsi. Cov khoom no yog cov nplaim taws tsis muaj xim tsis muaj roj. Nws cov tshuaj formula yog C2H2. Cov pa roj muaj ib qho atomic loj ntawm 26.04. Nws yog me ntsis sib dua ntawm huab cua thiab muaj ib tug pungent tsw. Kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv acetylene tsuas yog nqa tawm hauv kev lag luam. Cov tshuaj no tau txais los ntawm calcium carbide los ntawm decomposition ntawm cov khoom hauv dej.

Kev siv acetylene
Kev siv acetylene

Dab tsi yog qhov phom sij ntawm acetylene

Kev siv acetylene yog txwv los ntawm nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov roj no yog tus kheej igniting. Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm 335 ° C, thiab nws qhov sib xyaw nrog oxygen - ntawm qhov kub ntawm 297 txog 306 ° C, nrog huab cua - ntawm qhov kub ntawm 305 txog 470 ° C.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov txheej txheem acetylene tawg. Qhov no tau tshwm sim ntawm:

  1. Tsov kub kom txog 450-500 ° C, nrog rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm 150-200 kPa, uas yog sib npaug rau 1.5-2 atmospheres.
  2. Kev sib xyaw ntawm acetylene thiab oxygen ntawm atmospheric siab kuj tseem txaus ntshai yog tias nws muaj 2.3-93% acetylene. Kev tawg tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev kub ntxhov,qhib nplaim taws thiab txawm taws.
  3. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, qhov sib xyaw ntawm huab cua thiab acetylene tawg yog tias nws muaj 2, 2-80, 7% acetylene.
  4. Yog tias cov roj sib txuas nrog cov khoom tooj liab lossis cov khoom siv nyiaj ntev ntev, acetylene tawg nyiaj lossis tooj liab tuaj yeem tsim. Cov tshuaj no txaus ntshai heev. Kev tawg tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lub tshuab muaj zog los yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum ua haujlwm nrog roj.

Nthuav cov khoom

Acetylene, cov khoom thiab daim ntawv thov uas tsis nkag siab tag nrho, vim tias qhov tawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo thiab kev puas tsuaj loj. Nov yog qee cov ntaub ntawv. Kev tawg ntawm ib kilogram ntawm cov khoom no tso tawm 2 lub sij hawm thermal zog tshaj qhov tawg ntawm tib tus nqi ntawm TNT, thiab ib thiab ib nrab sij hawm ntau tshaj qhov tawg ntawm ib kilogram ntawm nitroglycerin.

Kev siv acetylene
Kev siv acetylene

Acetylene applications

Acetylene yog cov roj combustible siv hauv cov roj vuam. Feem ntau nws yog siv rau kev txiav oxygen. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kub ntawm qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab acetylene tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3300 ° C. Vim yog cov cuab yeej no, cov khoom siv feem ntau yog siv hauv vuam. Acetylene feem ntau yog hloov los ntawm cov pa roj thiab propane-butane. Cov khoom muab kev ua tau zoo thiab kev vuam zoo.

Kev xa khoom nrog roj rau kev txiav thiab vuam tuaj yeem nqa tawm los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob acetylene lossis los ntawm acetylene cylinders. Txhawm rau khaws cov khoom no, cov thawv dawb feem ntau yog siv. Feem ntau,Lawv muaj cov ntawv sau "Acetylene", siv rau xim liab. Nws yog tsim nyog xav tias muaj GOST 5457-75. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, technical dissolved qib B acetylene los yog ib yam khoom nyob rau hauv gaseous daim ntawv yog siv rau hlau ua.

acetylene vuam
acetylene vuam

Acetylene vuam: kos

Kev siv tshuab vuam nrog cov roj no yooj yim heev. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ua haujlwm nrog ib yam khoom, yuav tsum ua siab ntev thiab saib xyuas. Rau vuam, tshwj xeeb burners feem ntau yog siv, cim 0-5. Nws txoj kev xaiv nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau welded. Thov nco ntsoov tias qhov loj ntawm lub qhov cub, qhov ntws ntau dua.

Acetylene welding tsuas yog ua tom qab cov khoom raug kuaj xyuas thiab kho. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus qhia thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj nozzle, uas yog nyob ze ntawm lub burner kov nyob rau hauv lub txiv ntseej. Txhua lub foob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas.

acetylene khoom thiab kev siv
acetylene khoom thiab kev siv

txheej txheem vuam

Kev siv acetylene hauv vuam yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua raws li cov cai. Yuav pib nrog, lub burner yuav tsum tau purged nrog roj. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua kom txog thaum tsis hnov tsw ntawm acetylene tshwm. Tom qab ntawd, cov roj yog ignited. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov pa oxygen yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom txog thaum cov nplaim taws ruaj khov dua. Los ntawm lub reducer ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, lub siab ntawm acetylene yuav tsum yog los ntawm 2 mus rau 4 atmospheres, thiab oxygen - los ntawm 2 atmospheres.

Vuam ferrous hlau yuav tsum muaj nplaim nruab nrab. Nws muaj ib tug meej meej crown thiab yuav conditionallymuab faib ua peb qhov ci ci: lub hauv paus - lub teeb xiav xim nrog lub ntsej muag ntsuab, lub nplaim taws rov qab - xim xiav daj ntseg, nplaim taws. Ob thaj tsam kawg ua haujlwm.

Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, txhua qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau ib leeg. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog lub burner, txoj kev sab laug thiab txoj cai kuj siv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, qeeb qeeb ntawm cov seam tshwm sim. Cov khoom muab tub lim feem ntau txav tom qab lub qhov cub. Nrog rau txoj kev sab laug, lub elasticity thiab lub zog ntawm seam nce. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov nplaim taws yog qhia los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm vuam. Cov khoom ntim yuav tsum tsuas yog muab ntxiv rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke tom qab lub teeb tau txav mus rau txoj haujlwm tom ntej.

kev tsim khoom thiab siv acetylene
kev tsim khoom thiab siv acetylene

txoj cai nyab xeeb

Kev siv acetylene yam tsis muaj kev txawj ntse thiab kev paub yog txwv. Muaj ntau ntau txoj cai ua raws thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom:

  1. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm acetylene hauv chav nyob hauv huab cua yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv cov cuab yeej tsis siv neeg tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem ceeb toom koj txog qhov ntau dhau ntawm cov pa roj. Qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.46%.
  2. Acetylene siv yog sib txawv kiag li, tab sis feem ntau nws yog siv nyob rau hauv vuam. Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov thooj voos kheej kheej uas muaj cov roj tshwj xeeb no, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas. Nws yog txwv tsis pub muab cov thawv ntim ze ntawm cov nplaim taws qhib lossis ze rau cov cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog txwv tsis pub ua hauj lwm nrog lub tog raj kheej uas nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm kab rov tav, thiab yog hais tias lawv tsis kho thiab faulty.
  3. ThaumThaum ua haujlwm nrog acetylene, tsuas yog siv cov cuab yeej tsis muaj teeb meem, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab teeb pom kev tawg.
  4. Yog tias acetylene los ntawm lub tog raj kheej, kaw lub thawv ntim sai sai. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv tus yuam sij tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Kev xau tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau los ntawm lub suab lossis hnov tsw.
  5. technical acetylene
    technical acetylene

Yuav ua li cas yog muaj hluav taws

Kev siv acetylene tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab. Cov roj no tawg thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Yuav ua li cas yog muaj hluav taws kub?

  1. Thaum muaj hluav taws kub, tag nrho cov thawv ntim nrog acetylene yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov chaw txaus ntshai. Cov thooj voos kheej kheej uas nyob twj ywm yuav tsum tau txias tas li nrog dej zoo tib yam lossis nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tshwj xeeb. Cov thawv yuav tsum txias tag.
  2. Yog tias cov roj uas tawm ntawm lub tog raj kheej tau teeb, koj yuav tsum kaw lub thawv tam sim ntawd. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv tus yuam sij uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Tom qab ntawd, lub thawv yuav tsum txias.
  3. Thaum muaj hluav taws kub hnyiab, kev tua hluav taws yuav tsum tau ua tsuas yog los ntawm qhov chaw nyab xeeb xwb. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws tsim nyog siv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws uas muaj cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj phlegmatizing nitrogen ntawm 70% los ntawm ntim, thiab carbon dioxide ntawm 75% los ntawm ntim, xuab zeb, dej dav hlau, compressed nitrogen, asbestos ntaub, thiab lwm yam..

Pom zoo: