Hluav taws xob steel: ntau lawm thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev tsim cov hlau no ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lwm cov khoom sib nqus. Hluav taws xob cov hlau yog cov hlau alloy nrog silicon, qhov feem pua ntawm cov uas yog los ntawm 0.5% mus rau 5%. Qhov nrov nrov ntawm cov khoom ntawm hom no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab thiab cov khoom siv tshuab. Cov hlau zoo li no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv dav siv, uas tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus. Qhov no piav txog nws tus nqi qis.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm silicon

Cov tshuaj no, hauv kev sib cuam tshuam nrog hlau, tsim cov tshuaj ntom ntom nrog kev tiv thaiv siab, tus nqi ntawm uas nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm silicon hauv cov alloy. Thaum raug cov hlau ntshiab, nws poob nws cov khoom sib nqus.

Tab sis thaum nws cuam tshuam rau cov txuj ci, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Lub permeability ntawm hlau nce thiab muaj kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv stability ntawm cov hlau. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm silicon (Si) tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li hauv qab no. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom no, cov pa roj carbon tau hloov mus rau graphite los ntawm lub xeev ntawm cementite, uas muaj cov khoom sib nqus tsawg dua. Lub caij Si muaj qhov tsis txaus siab rautxo induction. Nws cuam tshuam rau thermal conductivity thiab ntom ntawm hlau.

Impurities in composition

Nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov hlau hluav taws xob yuav muaj lwm yam khoom: sulfur, carbon, manganese, phosphorus thiab lwm yam. Qhov phem tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog carbon (C). Nws tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ob qho tib si cementite thiab graphite. Qhov no cuam tshuam cov alloy sib txawv, raws li qhov feem pua ntawm carbon. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xav tau ntawm cov ntsiab lus C, cov hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob txias sai rau kev laus thiab ruaj khov tom ntej.

Cov khoom hauv qab no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov khoom ntawm cov khoom: oxygen, sulfur, manganese. Lawv txo nws cov hlau nplaum zoo. Technical hlau nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum muaj impurities. Ntawm no lawv yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv lub aggregate, tsis nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li cov hlau ntshiab.

Koj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov hlau los ntawm kev tshem tawm impurities. Tab sis txoj kev no tsis yog ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Tab sis nrog kev pab los ntawm txias dov, daim ntawv hluav taws xob hlau ua cov khoom sib nqus hauv nws cov qauv. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Tab sis yuav tsum muaj kev tua ntxiv.

Nkauj kho siab heev

Silicon tau xav ntev los ua kom cov hlau brittleness. Kev tsim khoom tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev kub dov. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov txias dov tau qis.

Tsuas yog tom qab nws tau tshawb pom tias qhov ua haujlwm txias ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ua kom cov khoom sib nqus, nws tau siv dav. Lwm cov lus qhia pom lawv tus kheej nkaus xwb nrogsab phem tshaj. Txias dov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab, nrog rau kev txhim kho cov ntawv zoo, ua rau nws muaj zog thiab ua rau nws tuaj yeem stamp.

Cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas cov hlau hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm kev siv cov kev ua haujlwm txias tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev tsim cov crystallographic zoo nkauj hauv nws. Nws txawv ntawm ob peb degrees. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm lub dov yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsum tau thiab nyob rau hauv lub degree uas nws yog txo.

Tus nqi ntawm ib daim ntawv ntawm ib lub thickness ntawm cov hlau kub dov yog 2 npaug qis dua li cov hlau txias.

Tab sis qhov tsis zoo no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev poob qis (muaj tsawg dua li ob zaug), zoo siab thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom txias txias. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon. Nws tus nqi yog los ntawm 3.3% mus rau 4.5% feem.

GOST

Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim tsuas yog ob hom hlau uas ua raws GOST.

Thawj saib - 802-58 "Electrotechnical sheet". Qhov thib ob yog hluav taws xob hlau GOST 9925-61 "Cold-dov coiled sawb ua los ntawm hluav taws xob hlau".

Kev tsim qauv

Tau cim nrog tsab ntawv "E", ua raws li tus lej uas nws tus lej muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb:

• Thawj tus lej hauv tus lej cim txhais tau tias qib ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau nrog silicon. Los ntawm qis-alloyed mus rau high-alloyed, feem, nyob rau hauv cov zauv ntawm 1 mus rau 4. Dynamic - cov no yog steels los ntawm pawg E1 thiab E2. Transformer - E3 thiab E4.
• Tus lej thib ob ntawm lub cim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 1 txog 8. Nws qhia txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv thaum siv hauv qee qhov kev ua haujlwm. Los ntawm qhov cim no, koj tuaj yeem paub qhov chaw no lossis cov hlau no tuaj yeem siv tau.

Tus lej xoom tom qab tus lej thib ob txhais tau hais tias cov hlau yog textured. Yog tias muaj ob xoom, ces nws tsis yog textured txaus.

Thaum kawg ntawm qhov cim koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv hauv qab no:

• "A" - tsawg heev cov khoom poob.
• "P" yog cov khoom siv nrog lub zog dov siab thiab ua kom tiav qhov siab.

thaj chaw ua haujlwm

Cov alloy tau muab faib ua peb hom raws li daim ntawv thov:

• haum rau kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov muaj zog thiab nruab nrab sib nqus (remagnetization purity 50 Hz);
• haum rau kev ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab thaj tsam txog 400Hz;
• hlau uas ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab thiab qis magnetic teb.

Cov ntawv ntawm cov hlau hluav taws xob yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg: dav ntawm 240 mus rau 1000 hli, ntev yuav yog los ntawm 720 hli mus rau 2000 hli, thickness - nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.1 mus rau 1 hli. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, grain-oriented steels yog siv, raws li lawv muaj tus nqi siab ntawm electromagnetic zog. Cov ntawv ntawm cov khoom no feem ntau siv hauv hluav taws xob engineering.

Electrical steel - khoom

Alloy khoom:

• Kev tawm tsam. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Hlau yog siv rau qhov tsim nyog kom muaj hluav taws xob hauv tus neeg xyuas pib thiab xa mus rau nws qhov chaw.
• Kev quab yuam. Lub luag hauj lwm rau lub peev xwm ntawm internal magnetic teb rau demagnetize. Rau qee yam khoom siv, cov cuab yeej no yuav tsum tau sib txawv. Transformers thiab hluav taws xob motors siv qhov chaw nrog lub peev xwm demagnetization siab. Rau cov hlau, qhov ntsuas no muaj tus nqi qis. Tab sis nyob rau hauv electromagnets, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, xav tau ib tug siab coercive quab yuam. Txhawm rau kho cov khoom sib nqus, qhov yuav tsum tau muaj feem pua ntawm silicon ntxiv rau cov hlau alloy.

• Qhov dav ntawm lub voj voog hysteresis. Qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum qis npaum li qhov ua tau.
• Magnetic permeability. Qhov ntsuas no siab dua, cov khoom siv "ua" zoo dua nrog nws cov dej num.
• Lub thickness ntawm daim ntawv. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom siv thiab qhov chaw, cov khoom siv yog siv uas nws thickness tsis tshaj ib millimeter. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsim nyog, qhov ntsuas no txo qis rau tus nqi ntawm 0.1 mm.

Daim ntawv thov

Cov ntaub ntawv hauv chav kawm thawj zaug tuaj yeem siv los ua ntau hom sib nqus sib nqus rau cov relays thiab regulators.

qib hluav taws xob qib thib ob tuaj yeem siv rau AC thiab DC pib, rotor cores.

Chav kawm thib peb yuav tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom sib nqus raufais fab transformers, nrog rau cov pib ntawm cov tshuab loj synchronous.

Yuav ua kom lub thav duab rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsum siv cov hlau casting, uas cov ntsiab lus carbon tsis ntau tshaj 1%. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no yog ua kom maj mam annealing. Cov pa roj carbon steel yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuab qhov chaw uas welded.

ncej loj rau DC tshuab yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no.

Rau cov tshuab qhov chaw uas nqa lub siab tshaj plaws load (caij nplooj ntoos hlav, rotors, armature shafts), alloys nrog siab mechanical zog yog siv. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem muaj nickel, chromium, molybdenum thiab tungsten. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom sib nqus los ntawm cov hlau hluav taws xob. Lawv yog siv rau tsawg zaus transformers - 50Hz.

Stand magnetic circuit

Cov cores sib nqus tau muab faib ua armor thiab pas nrig. Txhua hom muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.

qws: rau xws li ib tug sib nqus Circuit Court, tus pas nrig yog ntsug thiab muaj ib tug stepped seem sau nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog. Lub windings ntawm lub magnetic Circuit Court nyob rau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb cylindrical zoo.

Tsov rog

Cov khoom ntawm cov qauv tsim no yog cov duab plaub, thiab lawv cov pas nrig muaj ntu ntu, lawv nyob hauv kab rov tav. Hom kev sib nqus no tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv sib txawv thiab cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv zoo li no tsis siv dav.

Yog li peb xav paub tias steel yog dab tsihluav taws xob thiab qhov twg nws siv.