Cov nqaij hauv kaus poom: GOST, TU thiab kos npe

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov nqaij hauv kaus poom thiab ntses muaj lub neej ntev. Lawv cov zaub mov muaj nqis heev. Cov khoom no yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los. Muaj cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb hauv lub tebchaws uas tsim lawv rau ntau tus neeg siv khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg nyiam ua cov kaus poom hauv tsev. Nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus, cov khoom tsim los ntawm lub Hoobkas tuaj yeem khaws cia txog li 3-5 xyoos yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv loj.

Kev tsim cov nqaij hauv kaus poom

Cov khoom sib txawv yog siv los ua. Hauv particular, ntau lawm yog nqa tawm los ntawm txhua hom nqaij, rog, offal, tiav cov khoom, ntau yam raw khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm. Hauv kev tsim cov txuj lom, cov ntshav tsiaj kuj siv. Cov nqaij hauv kaus poom tau muab tso rau hauv cov thawv sib txawv. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov thawv ua los ntawm tin lossis iav, aluminium lossis polymers. Hauv kev lag luam, ib chav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntsuas yog siv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xam qhov ntim hauv cov kaus poom nqaij (stew) yog tsim. GOST teeb tsa cov ntsuas rau chav tsev no. Raws li nws tau txais conditional bank. Nws yog cylindrical tin thawv. Nws ntim yog 353 cm3,txoj kab uas hla - 102.3 hli, qhov siab - 52.8 hli. Thaum hloov cov kaus poom lub cev mus rau qhov xwm txheej, cov coefficients yog siv.

Assortment

Cov nqaij hauv kaus poom muaj nyob hauv khw hauv ntau yam. Cov khoom raug cais feem ntau los ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Yog li, muaj cov kaus poom nqaij, nqaij qaib thiab nyuj, lard-bean, nqaij thiab zaub thiab lwm yam. Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, cov khoom lag luam txawv:

1. Kev noj haus.
2. Siv tom qab ua tiav.
3. Dining.
4. khoom noj txom ncauj.

Kev lag luam kuj tsim cov nqaij kaus poom rau menyuam yaus. Cov khoom no muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb.

yam ntxwv

Cov nqaij hauv kaus poom yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom nyoos, kib lossis boiled raw khoom. Hauv kev tsim khoom siv: roj, ntsev, kua txob, nplooj nplooj. Feem ntau cov kaus poom nqaij - stewed nqaij nyuj, nqaij npuas, yaj. Cov ntsiab lus ntsev hauv cov khoom no yog 1.5%. Qhov sib faib ntawm cov rog thiab nqaij yog li 55%. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev npaj cov chav kawm thib ob thiab thawj zaug. Canned offal yog ntau hom pastes ("Liab", "Tshwj xeeb", "Nevsky"), kib raum, siab, hlwb, tus nplaig hauv jelly, plawv, thiab lwm yam. Lawv tau noj tsuas yog rau pluas tshais lossis hauv cov khoom noj txom ncauj txias. Cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov khoom siv nqaij yog tsim los ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm minced ("Sib cais", "Amateur", "Pork", "Sausage", thiab lwm yam).

Cov no suav nrog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm haus luam yeebnqaij npuas kib thiab nqaij npuas kib. Lawv txiav mus rau hauv me me slices thiab pasteurized ntawm qhov kub ntawm 75 degrees. Lawv kuj tsim cov nqaij qaib cov kaus poom hauv nws cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov hnyuv ntxwm hauv cov txiv lws suav, roj thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cream los ntawm tws nqaij npua. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho zaub mov tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv jars. Cov nqaij hauv kaus poom thiab zaub txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw: nqaij legumes, nqaij thiab zaub, nqaij pasta thiab lwm yam. Lawv tau siv rau hauv kev npaj cov chav kawm thib ob thiab thawj zaug. Cov khoom no npaj tau noj tom qab ua noj.

Khoom noj khoom haus thiab menyuam cov kaus poom tau nthuav tawm ntau yam. Yog li, rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 6 hli, cov khoom lag luam homogenized raug tsim. Rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 7-9 lub hlis, cov zaub mov zoo li cov kaus poom yog tsim, 9-12 lub hlis. - coarsely av. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam yog: nqaij qaib, nplaig, siab, nqaij nyuj. Nqaij nyuj kuj siv tau. Ntawm cov khoom nrov tshaj plaws yog xws li "Fairy Tale", "Baby", "He alth".

Quality

Cov nqaij hauv kaus poom yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv tsim thiab cov qauv huv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm organoleptic kuaj, lub cev thiab tshuaj, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub (yog tias tsim nyog) - bacteriological tsom xam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv kuaj xyuas tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau lub xeev ntawm lub thawv. Thaum kuaj xyuas cov nqaij hauv kaus poom, lawv kuaj xyuas qhov mob ntawm qhov muab tshuaj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv lo, muaj / tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag, xeb me ntsis ntawm lub thawv, kos npe, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv nkag. Nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub thawv thaum lub sij hawmsterilization, thaj chaw ntawm cov xim xiav yuav tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub khob ntim, ib txheej tsaus nti ntawm hlau sulfide yuav raug kuaj pom. Nws tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg, tab sis ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo.

Organoleptically, cov nqaij kaus poom raug kuaj xyuas thaum cua sov lossis txias. Cov kws tshaj lij ntsuas qhov saj, tsos, tsw, sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Yog tias muaj cov kua mis hauv lub thawv, xyuas nws cov pob tshab thiab xim. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov tsos, xim yog them rau tus naj npawb thiab qhov loj ntawm daim, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov installation. Kev txheeb xyuas lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom suav nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov rog thiab cov leeg nqaij, ntsev thiab nitrite, broth, tooj liab, tin thiab txhuas. Qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tau tso cai yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv rau txhua hom zaub mov kaus poom. Nyob ntawm qhov zoo thiab hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw, nrog rau cov ntsuas organoleptic, cov khoom ntawm ib lossis ob hom yog tsim. Thawj, piv txwv li, suav nrog cov zaub mov hauv kaus poom los ntawm cov nqaij kib, nqaij nyuj boiled. Ib qib yog tsim thiab ntsim nqaij npuas. Stewed lamb thiab nqaij nyuj yog ua los ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws los yog thawj qib. Rau lawv, cov khoom siv raw yog siv, raws li, ntawm 1st lossis 2nd qeb ntawm fatness.

Cov nqaij kaus poom sau li cas?

GOST tsim cov txheej txheem nruj raws li cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau siv rau cov tsev txhab nyiaj. Cov cim muaj nyob rau ntawm lub hau ntawm lub thawv. Daim ntawv thov cov ntaub ntawv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev nyem los yog siv cov xim indelible. Ntawm lub hau ntawm cov kaus poom uas tsis yog lithographed, cov ntaub ntawv qhia hauv qab no:

1. Hnub thiab hli ntawm kev tsim khoom - 2 tus lej txhua.
2. xyoo ntawm qhov teeb meem - 2 tus lej kawg.
3. Nrhiav tus lej.
4. Tus naj npawb (1-3 tus lej). Yog tias cov nqaij kaus poom uas muaj qib siab tshaj plaws yog cim, tsab ntawv "B" raug ntxiv ntawm no.

Ib lossis ob tsab ntawv kuj qhia qhov ntsuas ntawm lub kaw lus uas cov chaw tsim khoom koom nrog. Nws tuaj yeem yog:

1. A - nqaij kev lag luam.
2. K - txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub ua liaj ua teb.
3. KP - zaub mov kev lag luam.
4. CA - neeg siv khoom koom tes.
5. Txiv - hav zoov.
6. MS - Agriculture production.

Tus lej cog yog qhia los ntawm 1-3 tus lej. Lub cim yog teem rau hauv ob lossis peb kab, nyob ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hau. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem qhia tsuas yog ntawm lub hau lossis ntawm nws thiab hauv qab (los ntawm sab nraud). "Kev pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of He alth ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation" yuav tsum tau sau rau ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub kaus poom.

Cia

Cov nqaij hauv kaus poom yuav tsum khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw cua nrog qhov kub thiab txias tsawg. Qhov txheeb ze humidity yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 75%. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, huab cua kub yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 0-5 degrees txo qis t (qis qis) cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom. Thaum kub siab tshaj 5 degrees, tin pib nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub thawv. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom.

Sterilization

Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau lub xeev ntawm cov khoom hauv cov kaus poom. Sterilization ua rau tsim cov protein ruaj khov. Qhov no, hauv nwstig, txo cov digestibility ntawm cov kaus poom los ntawm li 20%. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov amino acids thiab cov vitamins (threonine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine) poob thaum ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Ib qho amino acid xws li lysine yuav tsawg absorbed tom qab pasteurization ntawm qhov kub ntawm 70 degrees. Cov khoom tsim tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom muaj nitrogen, ib nrab decompose.

Thaum tsis muaj menyuam, creatine, uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov saj, raug rhuav tshem los ntawm 30%. Thaum nws tawg, uric acid thiab sarcosine tsim. Qee cov vitamins poob lawv cov haujlwm, thiab ascorbic acid raug rhuav tshem tag nrho. Ib nrab decomposed vitamins ntawm pawg B. Yog li, B raug rhuav tshem los ntawm 80%, thiab B2 - los ntawm 75%. Vitamins D thiab A tawg los ntawm 40%, gzitamine H - los ntawm 60%. Cov pab pawg sulfhydryl tso tawm tsim hydrogen sulfide nyob rau hauv muaj oxygen. Qhov no ua rau sulfation ntawm cov hlab ntsha phab ntsa. Tsis tas li ntawd, hlau ions tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov khoom tsim dub hlau sulfite.

Cov ntsiab lus nta

Cov kaus poom stews suav tias yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws thaum khaws cia. Cov khoom los ntawm cov nqaij npua, hnyuv ntxwm muaj qhov kub tsis tshaj 5 degrees. Lub neej txee ntawm cov kaus poom zaub mov uas muaj roj zaub yog luv dua. Thaum lub sij hawm, corrosion pib nyob rau hauv lub tin. Nyob rau hauv lawv, ib qho tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm tin yog pom twb tom qab 3-4 lub hlis. Thaum cov zaub mov hauv kaus poom khov thaum khaws cia, qhov nruj ntawm cov ntim yuav tawg, cov kua roj vanish ntawm lub tin nto yuav raug puas tsuaj. Tsuas yogTsis tas li ntawd, qhov kub thiab txias tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau cov tsos thiab qhov sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus.

Npaj rau kev siv

Tom qab tsim khoom thiab tso cov kaus poom los ntawm lub tub yees rau lub caij ntuj sov, lawv yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv cov chav nrog qhov kub ntawm 10 txog 12 degrees. Qhov cua yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv kom tsis txhob ya raws thiab xeb tom qab ntawm cov kaus poom. Tom qab ua cov kaus poom, nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau 3 lub hlis. Thaum lub sij hawm no, kev sib raug zoo ntawm organoleptic indicators, As tshwm sim. Cov txheej txheem no muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib faib ntawm cov txuj lom, ntsev, rog thiab lwm yam khoom, nrog rau kev sib pauv ntawm cov tebchaw ntawm cov tuab thiab cov kua.

Zaj lus

Thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, cov kaus poom tuaj yeem tawg - foob pob. Nws tuaj yeem yog microbiological, lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev puas tsuaj rau cov zaub mov hauv kaus poom tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj cov cim qhia sab nraud. Yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv xws li mob tej zaum yuav: acidification ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tsub zuj zuj ntawm ntsev ntawm hnyav hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub warehouses ntawm cov khw muag khoom noj, cov kaus poom zaub mov yog khaws cia kom txog rau thaum hnub tas sij hawm. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv technical / kev tswj hwm lossis hauv daim ntawv cog lus muab khoom.