ATGM - riam phom los rhuav tshem cov tank. ATGM "Kornet": specifications

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ib lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv lub tank (ATGM) yog riam phom uas tsim los rau kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab armored tsheb. Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los rhuav tshem cov ntsiab lus muaj zog, tua ntawm lub hom phiaj ya qis thiab rau lwm yam haujlwm.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Cov missiles yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank missile system (ATGM), uas kuj suav nrog ATGM launcher thiab cov kev taw qhia. Lub npe hu ua cov roj hluav taws xob yog siv los ua lub zog, thiab lub taub hau (warhead) feem ntau yog nruab nrog cov nqi sib tw.

Raws li niaj hnub tso tsheb hlau luam tau pib nruab nrog cov cuab yeej sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv muaj zog, cov foob pob hluav taws tshiab tiv thaiv tank kuj hloov zuj zus. Lub taub hau ib leeg tau hloov los ntawm cov mos txwv tandem. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog ob daim ntawv them nqi nyob ib qho tom qab. Thaum lawv tawg, ob lub dav hlau sib txuas tau tsim ua ntu zus, uas muaj kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej zoo dua. Yog hais tias ib zaug xwb "pierces" mus txog 600 mm ntawm homogeneous armor, ces tandem sawv daws yuav - 1200 mm los yog ntau tshaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv dynamic"extinguish" tsuas yog thawj lub dav hlau, thiab lub thib ob tsis poob nws lub peev xwm puas tsuaj.

Tsis tas li, ATGMs tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub taub hau thermobaric uas tsim cov nyhuv ntawm qhov tawg tawg. Thaum tshwm sim, aerosol explosives yog sprayed nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug huab, uas ces detonate, npog thaj tsam loj nrog ib cheeb tsam ntawm hluav taws.

Cov mos txwv no suav nrog ATGM "Kornet" (RF), "Milan" (Fabkis-Lub Tebchaws Yelemees), "Javelin" (USA), "Spike" (Israel) thiab lwm yam.

Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau kev tsim

Txawm hais tias muaj kev siv dav dav ntawm tes tuav cov foob pob tawg rog (RPGs) hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv cov tub rog tiv thaiv tank. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm RPGs, vim tias vim qhov ceev ceev ntawm cov mos txwv ntawm hom no, lawv qhov ntau thiab qhov tseeb tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev ua tau zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua armored tsheb ntawm qhov deb ntawm ntau tshaj 500 meters.. Cov tub rog infantry xav tau cov riam phom tiv thaiv tank uas muaj peev xwm los tsoo lub tank ntawm qhov ntev. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov raug tua ntev ntev, ATGM tau tsim - ib qho kev tiv thaiv tank coj missile.

History of Creation

Thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev txhim kho cov foob pob hluav taws siab tshaj plaws tau pib hauv 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Cov Germans tau ua tiav qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag hauv kev tsim cov riam phom tshiab los ntawm kev tsim hauv 1943 lub ntiaj teb thawj ATGM X-7 Rotkaeppchen (txhais tau tias "Little Red Riding Hood"). Keeb kwm ntawm ATGM anti-tank riam phom pib nrog cov qauv no.

SBMW tau mus txog Wehrmacht cov lus txib nrog lub tswv yim los tsim Rotkaeppchen xyoo 1941, tab sis qhov xwm txheej zoo rau lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau pem hauv ntej yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis kam. Txawm li cas los, twb nyob rau hauv 1943, lub creation ntawm xws li ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij tseem yuav tsum tau pib. Kev ua haujlwm tau coj los ntawm Dr. M. Kramer, uas tau tsim ntau lub dav hlau cuaj luaj nyob rau hauv lub npe "X" rau German Aviation Ministry.

yam ntxwv X-7 Rotkaeppchen

Qhov tseeb, X-7 lub foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev txuas ntxiv ntawm X series, vim tias cov qauv tsim tseem ceeb ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws no tau siv dav hauv nws. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov ntev ntawm 790 hli, txoj kab uas hla ntawm 140 hli. Lub tail unit ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog ib tug stabilizer thiab ob keels mounted rau ntawm ib tug arcuate pas nrig kom tawm ntawm lub dav hlau tswj los ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm kub gases ntawm ib tug khoom propellant (hmoov) cav. Ob leeg keels tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm washers nrog deflected daim hlau (trim tabs), uas yog siv los ua elevators los yog rudders rau ATGMs.

riam phom tau ntxeev siab rau nws lub sijhawm. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws hauv kev ya davhlau, nws tig raws nws cov axis longitudinal ntawm qhov ceev ntawm ob lub kiv puag ncig ib ob. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb ncua sijhawm, cov cim qhia tau siv rau lub dav hlau tswj (tsim) tsuas yog thaum lawv nyob hauv txoj haujlwm xav tau. Nyob rau hauv lub tail seem muaj ib tug fais fab nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug WASAG dual-mode engine. Cov tub rog sib tw tau kov yeej 200 mm armor.

Lub kaw lus tswj tau suav nrog chav tswj kev ruaj ntseg, hloov pauv, lub kauj tsav tsheb, cov lus txib thiabtau txais units, nrog rau ob lub cable reels. Lub kaw lus tswj tau ua haujlwm raws li txoj kev uas niaj hnub no hu ua "peb-point method".

first generation ATGM

Tom qab tsov rog, cov teb chaws yeej tau siv cov kev txhim kho ntawm cov neeg German rau lawv tus kheej tsim cov ATGMs. Cov riam phom ntawm hom no tau lees paub tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib ntaus sib tua cov tsheb tub rog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab, thiab txij li thaum nruab nrab-50s, thawj cov qauv tau ntxiv cov arsenals ntawm lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb.

Thawj tiam los tiv thaiv lub tank tau ua tiav lawv tus kheej hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog ntawm 50-70s. Txij li thaum tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev siv German "Little Red Riding Hood" hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua (txawm hais tias muaj txog 300 tus ntawm lawv raug rho tawm haujlwm), thawj lub foob pob hluav taws siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag (Egypt, 1956) yog Fabkis qauv Nord SS. 10. Nyob rau tib qhov chaw, thaum Tsov Rog Rau Hnub Xyoo 1967 ntawm lub tebchaws Arab thiab cov neeg Ixayees, Soviet Malyutka ATGMs muab los ntawm USSR rau cov tub rog Iyiv tau ua pov thawj lawv cov txiaj ntsig.

Siv ATGMs: nres

Thawj tiam riam phom yuav tsum tau ceev faj kev cob qhia tua neeg. Thaum tsom lub taub hau thiab kev tswj chaw taws teeb tom ntej, tib lub ntsiab lus peb tau siv:

• Vizier's cross hair;
• foob pob hluav taws ntawm kev sib tw;
• ntaus lub hom phiaj.

Thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm, tus neeg teb xov tooj los ntawm qhov pom qhov muag yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub hom phiaj ntawm lub hom phiaj, qhov projectile tracer thiab lub hom phiaj txav, thiab manually teeb meem tswj cov lus txib. Lawv raug xa mus rau lub foob pob hluav taws raws li cov xov hlau uas ua raws nws. Lawv siv imposes txwvrau ATGM ceev: 150-200 m / s.

Yog tias cov hlau tawg nrog rab riam thaum tshav kub kub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, qhov projectile yuav tswj tsis tau. Lub dav hlau qis qis tau tso cai rau cov tsheb armored los ua evasive maneuvers (yog tias qhov kev ncua deb tau tso cai), thiab cov neeg coob, raug yuam kom tswj hwm txoj kev sib tw ntawm lub taub hau, yog qhov yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntaus yog siab heev - 60-70%.

tiam thib ob: ATGM launch

Cov riam phom tiag tiag txawv ntawm thawj tiam los ntawm kev taw qhia semi-automatic ntawm lub foob pob ntawm lub hom phiaj. Ntawd yog, ib qho haujlwm nruab nrab tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj - los saib xyuas lub trajectory ntawm qhov projectile. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog ua kom lub hom phiaj ntawm lub hom phiaj, thiab "cov cuab yeej ntse" ua rau hauv lub missile nws tus kheej xa cov lus txib kom raug. Lub kaw lus ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus.

Tsis tas li, hauv qee qhov thib ob tiam ATGMs, siv cov kev taw qhia tshiab - kev xa cov lus txib ntawm lub teeb laser. Qhov no ua rau kom muaj ntau qhov kev tso tawm thiab tso cai rau kev siv cov cuaj luaj nrog lub davhlau nrawm dua.

Lub cim thib ob ATGM tau tswj ntau txoj hauv kev:

• by hlau (Milan, ERYX);
• ntawm qhov txuas xov tooj cua ruaj ntseg nrog cov zaus sib npaug ("Chrysanthemum");
• ntawm lub teeb laser ("Cornet", TRIGAT, "Dehlavia").

Point-to-point hom tau nce qhov tshwm sim rau 95%, tab sis cov kab hluav taws xob xaim tau khaws cia lub taub hau ceev txwv.

Third Generation

Ib tus naj npawb ntawm lub tebchaws tau hloov mus rau kev tsim cov ATGMs thib peb,lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm uas yog lub motto "hluav taws thiab tsis nco qab". Nws yog txaus rau tus neeg teb xov tooj los tsom thiab tso cov mos txwv, thiab "ntse" missile nrog lub thermal imaging homing taub hau kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub infrared ntau yam yuav nws tus kheej aim ntawm cov khoom xaiv. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab muaj sia nyob ntawm cov neeg coob coob, thiab, yog li, cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Qhov tseeb, cov complexes no yog tsim thiab muag los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Ixayees nkaus xwb. American Javelin (FGM-148 Javelin), Predator, Israeli Spike yog cov txiv neej siab tshaj plaws-portable ATGMs. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog riam phom qhia tias feem ntau cov qauv tank tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv. Cov tshuab no tsis tsuas yog tsom rau cov tsheb armored ntawm lawv tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ntaus lawv nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws - sab sauv hemisphere.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "shoov thiab tsis nco qab" nce qhov ceev ntawm hluav taws thiab, raws li, kev txav mus los ntawm kev suav. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm riam phom kuj tau txhim kho. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntaus lub hom phiaj thib peb ATGM yog theoretically 90%. Hauv kev xyaum, nws yog qhov ua tau rau cov yeeb ncuab siv optical-electronic supposed systems, uas txo cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub missile lub taub hau. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev nce nqi tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv qhia hauv onboard thiab nruab cov cuaj luaj nrog lub taub hau infrared ua rau tus nqi siab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no, tsuas yog ob peb lub tebchaws tau txais ATGMs thib peb.

Russian flagship

Ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam riam phom, Russianthuav tawm ATGM "Kornet". Ua tsaug rau kev tswj hwm laser, nws raug xa mus rau "2+" tiam (tsis muaj cov txheej txheem thib peb hauv Lavxias Federation). Lub complex muaj tus yam ntxwv tsim nyog hais txog qhov piv "nqi / efficiency". Yog hais tias kev siv cov Javelins kim heev yuav tsum muaj kev ncaj ncees loj, ces Kornets, raws li lawv hais, tsis yog kev hlub - lawv tuaj yeem siv ntau zaus hauv txhua hom kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nws qhov kev tua hluav taws yog qhov siab heev: 5.5-10 km. Lub kaw lus tuaj yeem siv rau hauv hom portable, nrog rau nruab rau ntawm cov khoom siv.

Muaj ntau qhov kev hloov kho:

• ATGM "Kornet-D" - ib qho kev txhim kho nrog thaj tsam ntawm 10 km thiab armor nkag tom qab kev tiv thaiv dynamic ntawm 1300 hli.
• Kornet-EM yog qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tob tob uas muaj peev xwm tua cov phiaj xwm huab cua, feem ntau yog nyoob hoom qav taub thiab drones.
• Kornet-T thiab Kornet-T1 yog tus kheej-propelled launchers.
• "Kornet-E" - export version (ATGM "Kornet E").

Cov riam phom ntawm Tula cov kws tshaj lij, txawm hais tias muaj kev ntsuas siab, tseem raug thuam rau lawv qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej sib xyaw thiab cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub NATO tso tsheb hlau luam.

yam ntxwv ntawm ATGMs niaj hnub

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov missiles coj mus rau qhov kawg yog ntaus txhua lub tank, tsis hais hom armor. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, muaj kev sib tw mini-arms, thaum tank builders thiab ATGM creators sib tw. Cov riam phom ua kom puas tsuaj ntau dua thiab cov cuab yeej muaj zog dua.

Tshuaj rauKev siv loj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov dynamic niaj hnub anti-tank missiles kuj tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv uas ua rau kom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, lub taub hau cuaj luaj tau nruab nrog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov mos txwv sib xyaw ua ke tau tawg ntawm qhov pom kev deb, uas ua rau muaj kev tsim lub dav hlau zoo tagnrho.

Hom yog kev siv cov cuaj luaj nrog tandem warheads mus rau hauv lub armor ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog dynamic thiab ua ke tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau nthuav dav ntawm ATGMs, cov cuaj luaj nrog lub taub hau thermobaric tau tsim rau lawv. 3rd tiam anti-tank systems siv warheads uas nce mus rau qhov siab zoo thaum mus txog lub hom phiaj thiab tua nws, dhia mus rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm tus pej thuam thiab lub hull, qhov twg tsis muaj armor tiv thaiv.

Rau kev siv ATGMs hauv qhov chaw kaw, cov tshuab tsim hluav taws xob (Eryx) yog siv - cov foob pob hluav taws tau nruab nrog lub tshuab pib uas eject nws ntawm qis ceev. Tom qab txav deb ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj (launcher module) ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb, lub cav tseem ceeb tau qhib, uas ua kom lub qhov projectile.

Zaj lus

Anti-tank systems yog cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tsheb armored. Lawv tuaj yeem nqa tau manually, ntsia ob qho tib si ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm armored thiab cov dav hlau, thiab hauv cov tsheb pej xeem. 2nd tiam ATGMs tau raug hloov los ntawm ntau lub homing missiles uas muaj kev txawj ntse.