Daim duab ua haujlwm ntawm automation. Nws yog rau dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov txheej txheem automation hauv kev tsim khoom tau dhau los ua qhov cuam tshuam nrog ntau thiab ntau txoj hauv kev tshiab, cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov tshuab tau qhia los txo lub nra ntawm tus neeg los ntawm kev hloov mus rau thev naus laus zis. Hauv ntau lub chaw tsim khoom, cov tshuab tsis siv neeg tau tshwm sim uas ua haujlwm zoo ib yam, tsuas yog muaj qhov tseeb ntau dua thiab muaj sijhawm tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsim nyog sau cia nyias tias automation txo qhov kev pheej hmoo rau cov neeg uas yav dhau los yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hauv qhov nyuaj heev thiab txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv. Tam sim no lawv tsis tas yuav nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim - cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab tswj lawv los ntawm qhov deb ntawm chav nyab xeeb.

Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tau nyab xeeb tias automation yog kev txav mus rau yav tom ntej, kev vam meej tsis txaus ntseeg uas tsuas yog pab tib neeg xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tsis tham txog automation feem ntau, tab sis hais txog dab tsi lub tswv yim automation yog, nws muab tso ua ke thiab siv nws li cas. Rau ntau tus neeg, lub tswv yim no yuav zoo li coj txawv txawv. Yuav luag tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem nqa nws thiab twv seb nws yog dab tsi lossis nws yog dab tsi. Txog tag nrho cov noyuav tau tham nyob rau hauv kom meej tom qab, tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum to taub hais tias lub automation tswvyim yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, tsis muaj cov txheej txheem automation nws tus kheej yuav ua tsis tau.

Daim duab ua haujlwm yog dab tsi?

Ua ntej yuav hais txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm no, uas yog lub tswv yim automation, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias feem ntau cov npe "ua haujlwm" kuj ntxiv rau lub npe no. Tab sis qhov no tsis qhia meej ib yam dab tsi - txhua yam tsuas yog tsis meej pem. Daim duab ua haujlwm yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tsim los piav qhia thiab piav qhia meej txog qee yam txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv ib qho thaiv lossis hauv ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab zoo tias cov txheej txheem automation nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav yog ib qho kev piav qhia (ib feem txawm pom) rau cov txheej txheem automation ntawm ib lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb. Lawm, qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus dav dav, yog li koj yuav tsum nkag mus tob rau hauv kab lus no, vim nws yuav piav qhia ntau ntxiv txog txhua yam ntsig txog lub tswv yim no, kev siv thiab kev siv hauv kev xyaum.

Kev hloov pauv hauv xyoo tas los no

Nws mus yam tsis tau hais tias txhua yam muaj nws tus qauv. Tseem muaj xws li ib tug automation tswvyim: GOST. Tab sis nws yuav tsum to taub tias cov qauv tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov txheej txheem high-tech. Tau ntau xyoo dhau los, cov txheej txheem kev siv cuab yeej siv hauv cov txheej txheem automation tau hloov pauv ntau, yog li cov qauv tau hloov pauv ntau.

Cov tshuab tsis siv neeg tam sim no ua raws li lub xeev-of-the-art super-powerful computers uas muaj peev xwm ua kom pom lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntau dua li lawv tau ua kaum xyoo dhau los. Tias yog vim li cas tam sim no ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm dav dav rau cov tshuab siv hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua muaj, suav nrog kev txuag cov txiaj ntsig rau txhua lub sijhawm, nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv txhua lub sijhawm hauv daim ntawv yooj yim, tsim tshwj xeeb cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws mnemonic daim duab uas yuav tso cai rau siv txhua yam tsis txaus ntseeg rau kev tswj hwm tus kheej. yuav luag txhua lub tshuab ua tau.

Tam sim no cov tswj hwm tau dhau los ua lub peev xwm ntau dua, lawv tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ob qho tib si hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb nyob ze rau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab ntawm qhov chaw nyob deb, uas tso cai rau koj siv lub zog tswj tau yooj yim dua. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem automation niaj hnub no yuav yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xyoo kaum xyoo. GOST 2006 yuav tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau niaj hnub no, qhov tseeb, zoo li cov tshuab siv hluav taws xob lawv tus kheej, uas tam sim no tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntau dua.

Lub tswv yim automation zoo li cas?

Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias cov tswv yim zoo li no yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tsim automation ntawm kev lag luam, kev cob qhia lossis lwm chav tsev ntawm kev tsim khoom. Nws piav qhia txog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws txhua yam uas yuav suav nrog automation, suav nrog cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis, cov khoom nruab nrog cev.tswj cov cuab yeej no, kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov khoom thiab lwm yam.

Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab kos duab automation yog li cas - lawv tig ib daim ntawv zoo tib yam rau hauv daim duab kos duab thiab meej. Ib qho saib nws yog txaus rau feem ntau soj ntsuam tag nrho cov txheej txheem automation thiab nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas thiab yuav ua li cas. Cov npe ntawm cov duab kos duab automation yuav tsum meej meej li qhov ua tau, vim hais tias ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov duab kos, lwm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam yuav raug tsim tawm uas yuav siv rau yav tom ntej. Yog li, cov tswv yim no, raws li koj twb tau nkag siab lawm, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem automation, thiab nws qhov kev ua tiav yuav tsum nyob rau theem siab tshaj plaws - nqes mus rau qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws.

Dab tsi yog qhia hauv daim duab?

Daim duab ua haujlwm ntawm automation tsis yog tus sawv cev ntxaws ntxaws ntawm txhua yam ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm lawv. Ua ntej, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tau tso tawm kom pom tseeb ntawm daim duab, uas yog, lawv tsis sib haum rau qhov lawv saib hauv kev muaj tiag. Qhov thib ob, qhov ntsuas tsis raug hwm, yog li daim duab kos tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog yuav ua li cas tag nrho cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug thiab qhov sib piv. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog daim duab no, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov no tsuas yog daim duab kos uas ua rau tus neeg saib lub tswv yim ntawm yuav ua li cas raws nraim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, nrog rau lawv yuav cuam tshuam li cas nrog lub tshuab automation.

Daim duab automation muaj nuj nqi yog, hauv paus ntsiab lus, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev lees paub feem ntau, yog li ntawd feem ntau ntawm cov qauv tsim. Piv txwv li, raws li GOST, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los piav txog cov khoom siv thiab kev sib txuas lus nrog cov kab nyias, thaum cov txheej txheem ntws tau qhia nrog cov bolder. Muaj ntau tus qauv sib txawv, thiab? Yuav kom paub lawv txhua tus, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog GOST.

Zoo li khoom siv

Txheej txheem automation schemes tuaj yeem muaj ntau heev. Nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv ntau npaum li cas suav nrog hauv txoj kev npaj, muaj pes tsawg lub rooj cob qhia thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm tsim ib qho tag nrho, nws tsim nyog xav txog kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem npaj. Thiab thawj txoj cai cuam tshuam txog tib yam khoom siv. Qhov tseeb yog tias feem ntau cov tswv yim suav nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus, txij li cov tuam tsev sib txawv yuav tsum muaj kev sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws tshwm sim tias muaj cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom ntawm tib hom, ces lawv tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm ib lub tswv yim, muab qhov txuas rau nws hauv lwm qhov chaw.

Cia peb hais tias koj muaj tsib yam khoom sib xws uas koj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv piav qhia. Yog tias lawv yog tib yam, siv tib txoj cai automation. Ntawd yog, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov schema rau thawj qhov kev sib tw no, thiab tom qab ntawd qhia meej tias tib lub schema siv rau lwm plaub qhov kev sib tw. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, automation tswj schemes muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus nthuav thiab tseem ceeb uas tsim nyog kawm, vim lawv yuav ua rau koj lub neej yooj yim dua thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.yooj yim thiab siv tau.

Tables nrog cov cim

Nws yuav zoo li qhov tsis tseem ceeb xws li cov cim ntawm automation schemes yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim dawb, tab sis qhov tseeb txhua yam yog nyob deb ntawm qhov teeb meem, thiab qhov no yog nruj heev tswj. Koj yuav tsum tsim ib lub rooj sib cais rau cov cim, uas yuav muaj ob kab - ib qho yuav muaj lub npe ntawm ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, ib qho kev sib txuas lus, thiab lwm yam, thiab lwm qhov yuav tso cov cim nws tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua yam kev mob nruj heev - txawm tias qhov dav dav ntawm txhua kab hauv lub rooj no tau teeb tsa, yog li koj tsis tau muab chav rau kev xav.

Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem tuaj nrog koj tus kheej cov rooj sib tham, tab sis ntawm no, dua, muaj cov cai uas txhua tus feem ntau ua raws. Ntawd yog, tsis muaj kev xaiv tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, rau kev sib txuas cov kav dej lossis lawv qhov kev sib tshuam, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau nws yog kev cai los piav txog lawv li kab uas sib txuam nrog ib leeg, nrog rau siv ib qho khoom thiab lwm qhov sib tshuam lossis siv ob. kab, ib qho uas ua rau ib qho kev sib tshuam ntawm kev sib tshuam. Tab sis koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txawm tias koj siv cov cim ib txwm, koj tseem yuav tsum tau kos rau hauv lub cim lub rooj. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yog daim duab ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej automation raug tua.

Lab ntawv cim

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov teeb meem ntawm automation schemes, tsis hais txogTxawm hais tias nws yog lub rooj ua haujlwm lossis daim duab automation Circuit Court, yog tsab ntawv xaiv. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev thiab ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm semantic load, yog li koj yuav tsum kawm paub tias tsab ntawv no txhais tau li cas, uas yuav raug sau rau hauv qee yam xwm txheej. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias tib tsab ntawv tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas kom muaj nuj nqis thiab tib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej. Yog, feem ntau cov ntawv muaj ib qho ntawm ob lub npe tau piav qhia saum toj no. Piv txwv li, "A" qhia lub tswb, thiab "E" qhia txog hluav taws xob ntau. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv uas tuaj yeem piav qhia ob qho tib si ib thiab lwm ntu. Piv txwv li, "H" tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si phau ntawv ua thiab qhov txwv siab tshaj ntawm qhov ntsuas tus nqi.

Ntxiv mus, qee cov ntawv qhia tsuas yog ntsuas tus nqi xwb, tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv tseem tuaj yeem siv ob lub ntsiab lus - lub ntsiab thiab qhov ntxiv. Ntau qhov tseeb, nws tuaj yeem yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ntsuas tus nqi thiab ib qho ntxiv uas qhia txog tus nqi ntsuas. Txhawm rau kom meej meej, koj tuaj yeem ua piv txwv nrog tsab ntawv "D". Tus nqi tseem ceeb uas nws qhia hauv cov duab kos yog qhov ntom ntom. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj kev xaiv ntxiv rau lwm qhov ntau. Hauv daim ntawv no, nws yuav qhia qhov txawv lossis qhov txawv. Feem ntau, cov ntawv yuav tsum tau muab kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim lawv kuj siv los ntawmdaim duab kos duab tau hais los saum no, nrog rau daim duab thaiv ntawm automation.

Ob txoj hauv kev los tsim circuits

Schemes ntawm automation systems tuaj yeem muaj ob txoj hauv kev xaiv, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Lawv cuam tshuam ntau npaum li cas tag nrho cov tswv yim yuav raug kos rau yav tom ntej. Yog li, txoj kev tuaj yeem yooj yim thiab nthuav dav. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub tswv yim yog simplified mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no tau qhia nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias tag nrho cov cuab yeej automation suav nrog hauv txoj kev npaj tau piav qhia tib yam, uas yog, tsis muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb rau lawv. Raws li rau txoj kev thib ob, txhua yam twb muaj ntau yam nyuaj thiab ntau yam. Txhua lub cuab yeej automation yog siv rau daim duab nrog nws tus kheej lub npe, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tau kaw rau hauv ib lub rooj sib cais, uas twb tau tham saum toj no.

Ob txoj hauv kev tau siv dav, tsuas yog txhua tus siv nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Qee zaum, nws yooj yim dua los ua ib qho qauv uas yuav sau tag nrho cov automations ua ib lub caij. Qhov no yuav muab koj lub tswv yim ntawm qhov system tag nrho. Tab sis qee zaum kev nkag siab tob ntawm cov txheej txheem automation yog qhov tseem ceeb dua, yog li txhua qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm lub voj voog tshwm sib cais. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog nco qab tias txawm tias nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no qhov ntsuas tsis raug hwm. Rau txhua hom phiaj xwm, tag nrho automation tuaj yeem ua tiav. Muaj peev xwm muaj ntau yam txuj ci thev naus laus zis, tab sis lawv tsis muaj daim ntawv nruab nrab. Txhua qhov zoo li txawv me ntsis, txawm tias ntau qhov nws yuav tsum sib phim.txais qauv.

Graphics ntawm cov cuab yeej automation

Cov txheej txheem automation flow chart tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau tus cim, tab sis muaj qee qhov koj yuav pom muaj ntau zaus. Peb tab tom tham txog cov npe uas tau muab khi rau cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv automation uas tau siv dav hauv cov tshuab niaj hnub. Lawm, tsuas muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv hom, thiab tam sim no nws tsis muaj kev nkag siab los sau lawv tag nrho. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem xav txog ob peb yam yooj yim, xws li lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, uas tau piav qhia hauv txoj kev yooj yim heev - siv lub voj voog. Tab sis yog tias koj pom lub voj voog uas tau muab faib ua ib nrab los ntawm ib kab, ces nws yuav yog ib qho khoom sib txawv kiag li - ib qho cuab yeej uas tau nruab rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag tswj.

Yog tias koj pom lub voj voog ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim mus, qhov no txhais tau hais tias koj muaj tus actuator nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj - tab sis qhov no tsuas yog kev xaiv dav dav. Muaj ntau ntau hom actuators, thiab rau txhua tus ntawm lawv lub cim yog hloov los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, piv txwv li, ib tug xub ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ib txoj kab ncaj nraim nrog ib sab, ob txoj kab luv luv hla ib txoj kab ncaj nraim perpendicularly, tsab ntawv nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voog, thiab lwm yam. Lub cev tswj hwm tau raug xaiv los ua ib hom "hneev" - ob daim duab peb sab uas kov ib qho ntawm cov vertices. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia cov khoom siv xaiv, uas tsis muaj lub cuab yeej txuas mus tas li. Nws yog qhia los ntawm ib tug semicircle nrog ib tug ncaj upward kab ncua ntawm nws.

Tus lej raupattern

Txog tam sim no, peb tsuas yog tham txog cov cim duab uas koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim duab automation ua haujlwm, thiab peb kuj tau tham txog cov ntawv uas tuaj yeem siv tau thiab yuav tsum siv rau ntawm daim duab no. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov lej kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kos duab zoo li no. Koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias txhua yam yuav tsum raug cim rau ntawm daim duab ua haujlwm, thiab ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev xaiv muaj, qhov zoo dua thiab nkag siab ntau daim duab yuav tawm tuaj. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum twv yuav raug hu siv cov lej, txij li lawv qhov zoo dua yog qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv. Koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib lub rooj ua tiav uas koj piav qhia txog tus nqi dab tsi txuas rau ib daim duab tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los muab cov cim zoo sib xws, muaj feem xyuam nrog lub ntsiab lus.

Ib qho piv txwv yog cov txheej txheem kav dej automation. Cov lej ntawm nws tuaj yeem qhia tag nrho cov khoom uas ntws los ntawm qee qhov ntawm cov kav dej. Tus naj npawb 1 yog dej, tus lej 2 yog chav, tus lej 3 yog huab cua, thiab lwm yam. Lawm, txhua lub tswv yim muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb, yog li cov npe no tsuas yog ua piv txwv. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv xaiv seb yuav xaiv qhov no lossis lub ntsiab ntawm koj lub tswv yim siv tus lej.

Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias automation yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thiab nthuav dav niaj hnub no, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, kev tsim khoom thiab feem ntau hauv txhua qhov haujlwm. Yog li kev kos duab kos duab muaj peev xwm thiab raug ua haujlwm ntawm automation kuj yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb, vim tias ua tsaug rau cov ntaub ntawv no, cov txheej txheem automation tau ua tiav sai dua thiab ua tau zoo dua. Lub tswv yim kom ntxaws thiab meej automation yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev npaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv automation. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas zoo li no tau raug them rau qhov teeb meem niaj hnub no.