Asbestos-cement yeeb nkab: qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab hom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Asbestos-cement kav, qhov ntev ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab vaj tse, thiab tseem siv rau kev siv cov khoom siv sib txuas lus. Qhov nrov ntawm cov khoom yog vim muaj cov asbestos thiab cement nrog dej, uas ua rau kom lub zog ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nto. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv no.

Composition

Asbestos-cement yeeb nkab, qhov ntev ntawm cov lus qhia hauv qab no, yog ob hom: chrysolite lossis amphibole hom. Ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov kho no suav nrog hydrogenated sodium silicate (asbestos). Cov khoom siv ntuj no yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, tsis ua rau muaj hluav taws xob lossis lwm yam kev phom sij. Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntsiab lus no, qee qhov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb kuj yuav tsum tau, vim tias nqus tau cov plua plav asbestos tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob oncological ntawm cov kab mob ua pa (tshwj xeeb yog nrog kev sib cuag ntev).

Raws li kev phom sij, acid-resistant amphibole asbestos yog suav tias yog qhov teeb meem tshaj plaws. Lawv siv thiab rho tawm tsis ntev los no tau txwv, uas yog tsom rau kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Thawj qhov kev xav tsis zoo txog cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tau tsimtxawm tias thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv amphibole tau siv rau ntawm cov nkoj tub rog.

Asbestos-cement yeeb nkab (qhov loj me tsis muaj teeb meem hauv qhov kev hwm no) ntawm chrysolite yam tsis cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws cov fibers thiab hais muaj peev xwm yaj nyob rau hauv ib qho acidic ib puag ncig thiab raug tawm ntawm lub cev tsis pub dhau 10 hnub. Los ntawm txoj kev, txawm tias cellulose analogues siv sijhawm ntev dua los ua qhov no.

Ntse

Asbestos-cement yeeb nkab, qhov ntev ntawm qhov peb yuav xav txog hauv qab no, yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ntawm asbestos fibers thiab cov cement muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas ua rau tib neeg lub cev muaj kev nyab xeeb, txij li tsis muaj cov plua plav tawm ntxiv lawm.

Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Lavxias hauv xyoo 2001 tau txais kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov qauv kev nyiam huv ntsig txog kev siv thiab ua cov asbestos cement. Raws li lawv, cov khoom zoo li no tsis txaus ntshai, piv rau theem ntawm kev hem thawj rau lub cev nrog ntau lwm yam khoom siv hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub.

Raws li piv txwv: tsis yog ib kis mob qog noj ntshav tau sau npe ntawm 700 tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Sukholzhskabocement cog (Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam). Cov khoom tsim muaj nyob rau hauv kev thov tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv domestic kev ua lag luam, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Hais txog kev tsim khoom, ntau tshaj li ib lab mais ntawm cov kav dej ntawm qhov xwm txheej no yog nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab tag nrho cov kev lag luam txhua xyoo yog kwv yees li 3 lab kilometers.

Asbestos-cement kav:qhov ntev, GOST

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov khoom lag luam hauv nqe lus nug ntawm lub xeev cov qauv tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no:

• Txoj kab nruab nrab sab hauv thiab sab nraud hauv cov kav dej asbestos yuav tsum ua raws li GOST 539-80.
• Kev ntsuas thiab ntsuas cov khoom yog ua raws li GOST 11310-90.

Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv Soviet Union cov yeeb nkab asbestos-cement tau siv los ua cov kwj dej, lawv cov kev siv tau raug txwv ntau. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb hauv lub xeev tau pom zoo, vim tias cov khoom siv no tsis tau siv ntawm cov chaw tsim kho pej xeem thiab kev lag luam.

Tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev nom kev tswv, cov kav dej asbestos-cement, qhov ntev ntawm cov uas tau tham txog ntau yam hauv qab no, tau pib siv ntau yam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, yuav tsum tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tswj txoj kab uas hla, muaj pes tsawg leeg, tuab thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov khoom.

SNiP

Qhov hloov tshiab SNiP 41-02-2003 suav nrog cov kev xav tau uas tau tsom mus rau cov kav dej tsis yog hlau:

• Thaum siv rau hauv cov tes hauj lwm cua sov, qhov kub yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 115 degrees, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1.6 MPa.
• Asbestos-cement kav ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg tuaj yeem siv rau qhib thiab kaw cov kav dej kub.
• Asbestos-cement yeeb nkab (qhov loj me tsis tseem ceeb) tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov kav dej rau cov dej txias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hlau analogues xav tau kev tsimkev txheeb xyuas ntxiv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog.

Asbestos-cement kav: qhov ntev, txoj kab uas hla

Lavxias teb sab Federation tau txais ib tsab cai lij choj hais txog kev cai lij choj, uas qhia txog cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom asbestos cement. Lawv coj mus rau hauv tus account cov txheej txheem technical nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Qhov ntev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog los ntawm 3.9 mus rau 5 meters.

Asbestos-cement yeeb nkab (qhov ntev):

• 100mm.
• 150mm.
• 200mm.
• 250 txog 500 mm.

Qhov tseeb nthuav: thaum lub sijhawm Soviet Union hauv Simferopol, cov kav dej tau tso los ntawm cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug, qhov ntev yog kwv yees li 20 km. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov kav dej yog ntau tshaj 700 millimeters. Tam sim no xws li kev tsim khoom tsis tau siv dav vim yog cov cuab yeej tsim khoom siv thiab cov khoom loj ntawm txhua lub caij.

Production

Asbestos cement yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntxiv nrog cov fibers lossis asbestos fibers. Lub tshuab tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv no yog raws li hauv qab no:

• Tom qab mining, cov asbestos nyoos yog raug rau kev sib tsoo tshuab.
• Cov khoom yog ces fluffed kom nyias nyias.
• Cement nrog asbestos yog sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 85 thiab 15 ntu. Tom qab ntawd, dej yog ntxiv, ua pulp.
• Lub slurry muab tso rau ntawm lub nruas perforated.
• Tom ntej no, qhov sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke.

Tom qab spinning, ib yam ntawm zaj duab xis tseem tshuav, uas yog sib npaugqhov loj ntawm asbestos kav 100 mm. Cov khoom no raug mob kom tau txais qhov xav tau qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom. Thaum yuav cov khoom zoo li no, koj yuav tsum xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj kev kis mob uas tau lees tias kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej.

Installation

Tso cov kav dej los ntawm cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug yog ua raws li hauv qab no:

1. Cov kav dej nrog ntu ntu ntawm 200 millimeters lossis ntau dua yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntxiv kom tau txais qhov xav tau qhov ntev thiab qhov ntxhib.
2. Kev sib txuas yog tsim los siv tshwj xeeb couplings nruab nrog grooves nrog sealing rings. Qhov kev tsim no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom nruj nruam tawm tsam cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa nrog qhov tseem ceeb hauv dej siab.
3. Ib radial clearance yuav tsum tau sab laug ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txuas. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau txoj kev deflection ntawm lub raj xa dej yog tias O-ring tsis ua haujlwm.
4. Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov yeeb nkab asbestos-cement nrog qhov loj ntawm 150 millimeters thiab nws cov analogues yog indented los ntawm qhov uas nyob ib sab. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau kom tsis txhob mounting expansion pob qij txha.

Rau siv: cov kab nthuav dav ntawm cov kav dej asbestos-cement yog 12 npaug tsawg dua li qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv hlau zoo sib xws. Thaum rhuab mus rau 100 degrees Celsius, qhov kev hloov kho asbestos nce 0.4 hli, thaum cov roj hmab foob yog deformed los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 0.2 hli.

Scope of application

Vim qhov tseeb tias asbestos cement belongs rau pab pawg ntawm dielectrics, ib tus neeg cais tsib-meter seem tsis yograug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov stray tam sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov haujlwm zoo li no tsis tas yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.

Cov kev ntsuas zoo li no ua rau cov kav dej asbestos-cement hauv kev thov tsis yog hauv kev lag luam nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse, kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev sib txuas hauv nroog. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv yog tsawg kawg yog ob xyoos. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj peev xwm siv nws hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub neej nrog nyiaj txiag tsawg thiab nqi zog. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tso cov kav dej asbestos-cement yog channelless nteg, uas yooj yim rau kev tsim thiab kev teeb tsa tom ntej.

txiaj ntsig

Asbestos-cement kav dej muaj ntau qhov zoo, vim yog kev ua haujlwm sib txawv. Kev txuag tau ua tiav hauv cov hauv qab no:

• Kev teeb tsa cov tais.
• Muaj qhov ntsuas dej tsawg tsawg.
• Cathodically tiv thaiv.
• Tsis muaj cov ntaub so ntswg ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua.
• Kev ua haujlwm tswj cov av noo thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov kav dej polyurethane.
• Kev teeb tsa yooj yim nrog o-ring couplers uas haum yooj yim rau hauv cov khoom kawg.

Result

Vim li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias cov kav dej asbestos-cement yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj ntau yam ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias daim ntawv thovanalogues los ntawm lwm yam ntaub ntawv yog tej zaum tsis tsim nyog los yog impractical.