Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau: cov khoom siv thiab thev naus laus zis

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

txhawm rau xyuas kom cov khoom siv hlau ua haujlwm tau zoo, kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau yog siv. Cov txheej txheem no yog tsom rau kev tiv thaiv cov qauv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig hnyav thiab nag lossis daus. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem, cov hlau nplaum khaws nws cov khoom qub, suav nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj.

Lub ntsiab ntawm txheej txheem

Corrosion yog txheej txheem ntawm electrochemical lossis tshuaj lom neeg sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau nrog ib puag ncig, vim tias cov hlau yog oxidized thiab puas. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev xeb hauv kev lag luam tau nce mus txog 4% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Corrosion tshwm sim vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa oxygen, dej ntawm cov hlau, yog li yuav tsum tau kho raws sij hawm los tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau. Cov thev naus laus zis suav nrog kev kho saum npoo nrog txheej nyias ntawm cov hlau, hlau alloys lossis cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau.

txheej txheem nta

Vim qhov tseeb tias cov hlau pib tawg nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig nruj, lub zog thiab lub cevchemical zog ntawm cov khoom hlau. Thiab qhov no cuam tshuam qhov txo qis hauv lawv cov haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Corrosion ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv, tsheb. Tias yog vim li cas cov kev kho mob los tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, thev naus laus zis uas niaj hnub niaj hnub thiab txhim kho.

Kev ua haujlwm sab nraud

Cov chaw sab nrauv ntawm cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau raug cuam tshuam rau qhov ua phem. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv, siv cov txheej txheem tsim kev tiv thaiv. Lawv tau siv rau hauv kev tsim thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam txawm tias ua ntej kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau pib. Cov qauv txheej txheem suav nrog xaiv cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem tiv taus ib puag ncig. Rau cov hom phiaj no, cov hlau uas muaj zaj duab xis muaj zog, cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov khoom siv polymer, ceramics, thiab iav yog qhov zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau yog nrog los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom:

• tshem tawm qhov khoob, tawg, qhov khoob uas yuav nyob hauv cov khoom thiab los ntawm cov dej noo tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv;
• tshem tawm thaj chaw uas cov dej noo tuaj yeem stagnate;
• tiv thaiv dej los ntawm dej;
• qhia cov inhibitors rau hauv ib puag ncig nruj.

Passive Defense

Thaum siv txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, cov hlau saum npoo yog kho nrog qee yam txheej txheej, txoj haujlwm uas yog tiv thaiv kev sib cuag ntawm cov hlau thiab oxygen lossis hlau thiab ya raws. Txog qhov kawg noanti-corrosion kev kho mob ntawm cov qauv hlau yog nqa tawm. Cov khoom siv rau qhov no yog siv niaj hnub, nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub. Cov txheej txheej no ua haujlwm ntau yam:

• barrier;
• tread;
• transformative;
• passive.

Kev tiv thaiv Barrier suav nrog kev sib cais ntawm cov hlau. Feem ntau, cov cuab yeej zoo li no yog siv los ua cov hlau ferrous. Tab sis yog tias qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv tau tawg, cov yeeb yaj kiab corrosion tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv qab nws.

Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi?

Thaum tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau ua tiav, cov txhais tau raug xaiv ua tib zoo. Txhawm rau passivate nto, cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish yog siv uas muaj phosphate acid lossis chromate pigments, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem corrosion qeeb. Thaum thov passivating primers, ib tug sprayer yog siv. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg feem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.

Kev kho mob tsis zoo kuj tuaj yeem ua tus tiv thaiv, tab sis qhov no, cov xim pleev xim siv uas muaj ntau dua 86% hlau hmoov av los ntawm cov khoom zoo rov qab los piv rau qhov chaw kho. Feem ntau, thaum siv los tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau, cov xim pleev xim raug xaiv nrog cov ntim ntawm cov hmoov zinc dispersed heev. Cov tshuab no hu ua txias galvanizing, uas ua rau lub sij hawm ncehlau nto kev pab cuam thiab abrasion kuj.

Paints thiab enamels

Kev tiv thaiv cov qauv hlau yog ua raws li peb hom kev txhais tau tias:

• Cov xim uas yooj yim thiab siv tau yooj yim thiab muaj ntau yam xim. Nrog kev pab ntawm cov xim pleev xim, cov qauv hlau ntawm qhov loj me thiab txhua qhov kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua tiav.
• Yas tiv thaiv corrosion txheej raws li fluoroplast, nylon, PVC. Cov txheej txheem no yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm dej siab, kua qaub thiab alkali tsis kam.
• Cov roj hmab-raws li txheej yog siv thaum tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov qauv hlau yog nqa tawm ntawm sab hauv.

Txoj kev tiv thaiv nquag

Hlau yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, uas siv txoj hauv kev. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom hlau rau lwm yam yog ua tiav:

• Kub-dip galvanizing ntawm qhov chaw: raws li cov thev naus laus zis no, ib feem yog thawj zaug degreased, tom qab ntawd sandblasted lossis acid etched, vim tias nws tau them nrog txheej zinc nyias. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis rau ntawm cov hlau nto. Nws tiv thaiv cov hlau thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ya raws. Feem ntau, kub-dip galvanizing yog siv los ua cov khoom loj - tso tsheb hlau luam, cisterns.
• Electrochemical zinc plating: txoj kev no suav nrog cov diffusion extraction ntawm zinc ions los ntawm cov kua qaub me ntsis thaum lub sij hawm electrolysis. Galvanic ua cov txheej txheem hlau yog siv rau kev kho vajtse, qhov nruab nrab qhov loj.
• Thermal Diffusion Zinc Txheej: Hauv cov thev naus laus zis no, zinc atoms nkag mus rau saum npoo hlau hauv qhov kub siab. Cov txheej yog ruaj khov thiab hnav-resistant, thiab cov khoom qub yog rov ua dua tshiab, txawm tias qhov chaw yog notched los yog embossed.

Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog rau kev tiv thaiv electrochemical.

Ntawm txoj hauv kev

Feem ntau cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish txheej yog siv los tiv thaiv cov hlau nto ntawm corrosion, vim lawv pheej yig dua thiab siv tau yooj yim. Tab sis xws li ib txheej yuav tsum tau hloov kho txhua 5-7 xyoo, uas yog laborious thiab kim. Thiab siv cov txheej txheem galvanic thiab electrochemical yog kim heev, txawm tias xeb tuaj yeem hnov qab txog li 50 xyoo.

Yog vim li cas ntau thiab ntau dua los tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau yog siv "kua roj hmab". Qhov no yog ob qho khoom siv uas muaj peev xwm ntseeg tau thiab ntev ntev tiv thaiv qhov chaw los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Kev siv cov elastomer tso cai rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov txheej txheem seamless, uas yog siv nrog rab phom tsuag. Rubber sai sai rau ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tsis muaj streaks los yog pob daim ntawv. Ntxiv mus, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txawm tias muaj cov hlau ntub dej. Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam hais tias cov txheej txheem zoo li no tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 20 xyoo yam tsis poob nws cov khoom qub.

kev npaj nto

Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov hlau tsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav yog tias qhov chaw tau npaj tau zoo. Cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau nws tus kheej tsis yog qhov nyuaj, yog li nws siv yuav tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem. Kev npaj nto yog nqa tawm mechanically lossis chemically. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj yog nrov dua, txij li cov neeg kho tshuab tsis tuaj yeem muab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo. Tab sis koj yuav tsum xaiv lub tshuab raws li cov xim pleev xim xaiv thiab cov xwm txheej rau lawv txoj haujlwm ntxiv.

Phosphating thiab chromating

Metal nto npaj yog nyob ntawm seb hom hlau. Kev npaj ntawm ferrous hlau yog ua los ntawm phosphating, thaum uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau yog kho nrog ob txoj kev. Feem ntau, kev npaj tshuaj ntawm cov hlau nto muaj ob peb theem:

• ntxuav degreasing;
• thov txheej hloov dua siab tshiab;
• rov yaug nrog dej haus;
• yaug nrog dej demineralized;
• passivation.

Tshuaj kho cov hlau yog ua los ntawm kev txau (dav hlau ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab), immersion, chav dav hlau thiab dej dav hlau txoj kev. Thawj ob txoj hauv kev suav nrog kev siv cov chav tshwj xeeb uas npaj rau saum npoo. Cov txheej txheem yog xaiv raws li cov kev pab cuam ntau lawm, configuration thiabCov khoom loj thiab ntau lwm yam.

Pipeline processing

Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau thiab cov kav dej yog ua raws li cov cai ntawm lub xeev cov qauv. Kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav ob qho tib si rau lub kav dej ua haujlwm thiab thaum nws rov tsim kho lossis kho. Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm txoj kev nquag thiab tsis muaj zog - nws raug xaiv raws li txoj kev tso. Rau cov kav dej tso rau saum av, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yog siv. Nrog rau txoj kev nquag, kev tiv thaiv saum npoo yog tsim nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom uas tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv electrochemical rau txheej. Kev tiv thaiv cov kav dej yog ua nyob rau hauv ob peb theem:

1. Ua ntej, qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog tso tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem insulating, xeb, nplai thiab tag nrho cov kab mob.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv corrosion yog siv rau qhov chaw ntxuav, thaum ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub ntawm +5 degrees thiab av noo tsis tshaj 80%.

Tom qab ua tiav, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov raj xa dej kom paub qhov tsis xws luag, yog tias muaj, ntawm qhov chaw. Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw thiab txheej txheej, qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej thiab lub thickness ntawm cov zaj duab xis qhuav ntawm txheej.

Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog

Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov qauv hlau, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv, tuaj yeem ua tau nrog kev tiv thaiv nto thiab tsis muaj zog. Ob leeg variantsyog tsom rau kev tiv thaiv cov kav hlau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig. Thiab yog tias cov dej xa dej nyob ntawm qhov tob zoo, nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm kev sib cuag hauv av. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm cov xim, kua roj vanish, enamel, ib qho txuas ntxiv thiab ruaj khov yog tsim los tiv thaiv qhov chaw los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud.

Kev kho cov kav dej feem ntau ua tiav nrog cov hmoov nplej raws li cov ntaub ntawv yas. Lawv raug siv rau cov yeeb nkab, uas yog preheated rau qhov kub thiab txias.

Yog li, kev kho corrosion yog lub sijhawm los tiv thaiv xeb ntawm txhua qhov chaw hlau. Ntau yam kev xaiv thiab kev ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam tuaj yeem tiv thaiv - los ntawm cov kav dej thiab lub tsheb mus rau qhov me me hlau.