2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Non-ferrous hlau thiab lawv cov alloys tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam. Lawv yog siv los ua cov tshuab, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv. Lawv siv txawm nyob rau hauv kos duab, piv txwv li, rau kev tsim kho ntawm monuments thiab sculptures. Dab tsi yog cov hlau tsis-ferrous? Lawv muaj dab tsi? Cia peb kawm.
Dab tsi yog hlau?
Thaum pib ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, lub npe "hlau" kuj suav nrog cov ntxhia thiab ore, cov ntsiab lus pib sib cais tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 16th. Cov hlau yog cov khoom yooj yim uas muaj qee yam khoom. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity, malleability, metallic luster, siab ductility thiab lub zog tib lub sijhawm.
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm teem sijhawm lawv suav nrog 94 lub ntsiab lus. Raws li lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj, lawv tau muab faib ua alkaline, hloov pauv, lub teeb, lanthanides, actinides, semimetals, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, lawv txhua tus pib nyob rau hauv lub xeev ruaj khov.
Ib feem ntauIb hom hlau uas nrov siv yog hlau. Alloys uas muaj hlau yog hu ua ferrous hlau; nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, lawv tuav ib tug cais niche nyob rau hauv metallurgy. Cov no muaj xws li alloys xws li cam khwb cia hlau thiab hlau. Ferrous hlau qee zaum hu ua chromium thiab manganese. Lwm yam yog xim.
Non-ferrous hlau
Hom no feem ntau hu ua "non-ferrous" hlau. Piv nrog rau cov xim dub, lawv tsis muaj ntau npaum li kev hnav, muaj kev tiv thaiv siab thiab hluav taws kub. Cov hlau tsis-ferrous yog cov khoom siv ntau dua thiab yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov kua qaub-resistant alloys.
Lawv tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg, nyob ntawm seb lub cev thiab qhov tshwm sim. Yog li, muaj cov hlau hnyav thiab lub teeb. Lead, tin, mercury, zinc belongs rau thawj, magnesium, beryllium, lithium, aluminium yog thib ob. Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten yog yam ntxwv li refractory.
Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj nqi kuj raug cais tawm. Cov tsis tshua muaj xws li tantalum, molybdenum, radium, thiab thorium. Lawv tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, thiab lawv cov txheej txheem yog nyuaj. Noble los yog precious hlau kiag li tsis xeb thiab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb luster. Lawv sawv cev los ntawm kub, platinum, nyiaj, ruthenium, osmium, palladium, iridium.
Kev mining thiab kev ua cov hlau tsis yog hlau yog kim dua li kev ua hlau, vim lawv tsis tshua muaj ntau. Ores feem ntau muaj txog li 5% ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig uas siv hauv kev lag luam. Tam sim ntawd tom qab mining, cov ore yog enriched,cais tawm ntawm cov pob zeb pov tseg kom nce cov ntsiab lus hlau.
Tom ntej no, nws raug rau ntau yam txheej txheem los hloov qhov loj, zoo, zoo. Cov txheej txheem ua thiab cov txheej txheem nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv thov. Kev tsim cov hlau tsis-ferrous tej zaum yuav muaj xws li casting, nias, forging, vuam, thiab lwm yam. Lawv muab sib xyaw ua ke kom tau txais qee yam zoo. Cov alloys nto moo tshaj plaws yog duralumin, babbitt, bronze, silumin, tooj dag.
Qhov xav tau tshaj plaws uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau hauv kev lag luam yog txhuas thiab tooj liab. Lawv tsim los ntawm Russia, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Ltalis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Nyiv, Australia, Latin America lub tebchaws. Chile tsim cov tooj liab tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam, Guinea ua nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov bauxite, nyob rau hauv lub extraction ntawm txhuas - Austria, tin - Indonesia. Cov koom pheej ntawm South Africa yog thawj zaug hauv kev tsim cov kub, nyiaj yog mined hauv Mexico.
Kev siv cov hlau
Non-ferrous hlau thiab lawv cov alloys yog cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb. Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, peb nrog lawv txhua hnub. Qhov rooj kov, lauj kaub, kettles, digital thiab khoom siv hauv tsev, rooj tog, teeb thiab ntau ntxiv yog tsim los ntawm lawv.
Lawv tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho hauv ntau yam khoom thiab cov cuab yeej. Lawv yog siv los ua cov xov hlau, ntsia hlau, txiv ntseej, ntsia hlau, ntsia hlau, ntawv ci, ntau qhov loj ntawm daim hlau, daim kab xev, cov ntawv thiab cov raj.
Cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog tsim rau kev tsim cov khoom siv loj, yog li lawv siv hauv kev lag luam tub rog. Lawv yog cov sib duahlau, yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv qhov twg lub zog thiab lub teeb xav tau tib lub sijhawm, piv txwv li, rau tsheb, nkoj, submarines, aircraft.
tooj liab yog siv hauv architecture, hauv kev tsim cov kav dej. Rau lub zog, nws yog ntxiv rau kub hauv kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Lead yog ntxiv rau cov xim, nws yog siv rau cables, ua mos txwv thiab tawg. Lithium yog xav tau rau kev tsim cov roj teeb alkaline, rau optics hauv xov tooj cua electronics, rau cov khoom kho mob.
Ntse thiab nthuav qhov tseeb
Cov hlau uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog aluminium. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus pom, nws yog qhov thib peb, tom qab oxygen thiab silicon. Hauv qhov sib piv, muaj cov hlau tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv qhov, rhenium, muaj npe tom qab tus dej German Rhine.
Lub teeb tshaj plaws yog lithium. Nws muaj qhov ntom ntom, yog li nws ntab txawm nyob hauv kerosene. Lithium yog tshuaj lom thiab ua rau tawv nqaij kub hnyiab thiab khaus khaus. Nws yog khaws cia rau hauv cov dej haus tshwj xeeb nrog cov roj ntxhia lossis paraffin.
Tungsten suav hais tias yog cov refractory tshaj plaws. Nws tuaj yeem yaj ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 3422 degrees Celsius, boil - ntawm 5555 degrees. Vim qhov no feature, nws yog siv rau lub filament nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob qhov muag teev thiab kinescopes.
Pom zoo:
Lub tswv yim thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm qeb ntawm thaj av tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv thaj chaw thiab cov khoom
Cov av tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv thaj chaw thiab cov khoom siv feem ntau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab los ntawm cov neeg uas xav kom lawv mus rau hauv lawv tus kheej, tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj cai tam sim no
Kev nthuav dav ntawm thaj chaw pabcuam. Qauv xaj kom nthuav dav thaj chaw pabcuam
Hauv kev lag luam thiab cov koom haum, ib qho feem ntau ntsib qhov tseeb tias cov dej num hauv tib yam lossis lwm txoj haujlwm ntawm lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem raug ntxiv rau cov haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm. Xav txog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm cov kev xaiv rau kev tsim xws li kev ua hauj lwm ntxiv nyob rau hauv ntau zaus
Tsis siv neeg tshuab dhos thiab nws cov yam ntxwv. Tsis siv neeg tshuab dhos ntau spindle longitudinal tig nrog CNC. Manufacturing thiab processing ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tsis siv neeg lathes
Tsis siv neeg tshuab dhos yog cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub siv feem ntau hauv kev tsim khoom ntau. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov tshuab xws li. Ib hom nrov tshaj plaws yog longitudinal tig lathes
Cov khoom tsis nyob hauv tsev: kev cai lij choj txhais, hom thaj chaw, lawv lub hom phiaj, cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm thaum lub sijhawm sau npe thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hloov chaw nyob rau hauv cov chaw tsis nyob
Cov kab lus txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw tsis nyob hauv tsev, nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Yog vim li cas rau qhov muaj koob meej loj hlob ntawm kev tau txais cov chav tsev nrog kev pom rau lawv qhov kev hloov pauv tom ntej mus rau qhov chaw tsis nyob hauv tsev tau nthuav tawm. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txhais lus thiab cov nuances uas yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov no tau nthuav tawm
Lena thee phiab: thaj chaw thaj chaw, yam ntxwv ntawm kev khaws cia, txoj hauv kev ntawm kev rho tawm
Kab lus no piav qhia txog Lena thee phiab. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub ntim ntawm thee deposited nyob rau hauv nws. Tab sis tam sim no nws tau siv tsis zoo vim nws qhov chaw deb, tab sis qhov no tsis ua rau nws tsis tshua xav kawm
