Plastic processing: technology, khoom siv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov ntaub ntawv yas dhau los 10-15 xyoo dhau los tau tsim ntau thaj chaw uas lawv cov khoom siv tau. Cov khoom siv hluavtaws nws tus kheej yog tam sim no nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis, vim tias kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau sau nrog cov lus pom tshiab. Txaus siab rau hais txog tsev neeg ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas hloov ob qho tib si hlau thiab ntoo.

Thiab, kev siv cov yas rov ua dua tshiab yog ib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov khoom siv siab dua ntawm kev ua tau zoo tsis yog qhov nthuav. Feem ntau, nrog kev pab ntawm hom tshuab no, nws muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua cov qauv hluavtaws yav dhau los. Thiab tseem, txoj kev lag luam no rau kev ua cov nroj tsuag tau them rau ntau yam laj thawj, suav nrog cov laj thawj ib puag ncig thiab nyiaj txiag.

Yam khoom pov tseg

Technologists paub qhov txawv 4 pawg ntawm cov yaspov tseg uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog ib-qib plastics nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom seem thiab pov tseg ncaj qha, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv pawg uas zoo sib xws hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov qeb thib ob yog cov kab mob ib leeg-qib plastics, rau kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev ntsuas kev siv thev naus laus zis. Pab pawg thib peb yog cov khib nyiab sib xyaw uas muaj cov impurities txawv teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb, cov khoom txawv teb chaws yog tib yam impurities, hlau los yog cov cement uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem theoretical ntawm kev ua cov yas muab rau kev xaiv ntawm ib pawg ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv yas. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tsis yog tsuas yog cov yas thiab cov neeg thib peb cov khoom ntawm lwm cov khoom lag luam lossis cov khoom siv hauv tsev sib xyaw, tab sis kuj muaj cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov yas lawv tus kheej.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem

Qhov kev faib tawm tseem ceeb muab rau kev faib cov thev naus laus zis rau kev molding ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom thiab molding los ntawm cov khoom ib nrab. Hais txog kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha, pab pawg no suav nrog cov txheej txheem polymerization, hu rau molding, broaching thiab ntub winding, nrog rau kev txau. Cov txheej txheem ntawm molding yas khoom los ntawm cov khoom semi-tiav kuj nrov. Qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua tiav suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj, extrusion, molding los ntawm prepregs thiab premixes. Tsis tas li, kev ua cov yas tuaj yeem ua lub cev-tshuaj thiab siv tshuab.

Yuav luag txhua yam khoom sivCov txheej txheem ua tiav yog tsom rau kev sib tsoo cov khib nyiab kho, ua raws li tau txais ib homogeneous loj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseeb tias cov khoom tsim tawm tsis txawv ntawm nws lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, physicochemical txoj kev yog raws li cov thev naus laus zis rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim kuj hloov pauv.

Plastic shredding raws li kev npaj technology

Qhov no yog ib qho kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam rov ua dua tshiab thiab tsis txwv rau cov yas. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov kawg feem, cov chav tsim nyog tau txuas nrog kev ua haujlwm. Compactors nrog cov ntsia hlau ua haujlwm tuaj yeem raug hu ua lub tshuab sib tsoo universal.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, lub loaded yas loj yog compacted nrog kev pab los ntawm disc granulator daim hlau nrog kev sib txhuam mechanisms. Raws li txoj cai, ob daim hlau yog siv, ib qho ntawm cov uas tseem nyob ruaj ruaj. Kev ua cov khib nyiab pov tseg feem ntau nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej.

Rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj, crushers thiab aggregates nruab nrog cutters ntawm ntau yam duab yog siv. Ua hauj lwm nrog polyethylene pov tseg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug zaj duab xis yog nqa tawm los ntawm ntau ilv txoj kev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug complex kab, uas muaj xws li compaction, sib tsoo thiab granulation units. Txoj haujlwm ncaj qha ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv qhov no yog ua los ntawm riamkhoom.

Kev cais pov tseg technologies

theem no yog ib feem cuam tshuam nrog kev npaj ua kom huv huv, uas tau hais los saum toj no. Tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais zoo li no yog qhov dav dua thiab tsis txwv rau kev ntxuav ntawm av. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tiav kev sib cais tom qab sib tsoo, vim tias cov granules me me yooj yim dua los cais cov khoom txawv teb chaws. Yog li, kev sib cais tseem ceeb tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cais ntawm cov yas los ntawm cov hlau. Ua li no, sib nqus thiab electromagnetic coils yog siv nyob rau hauv lub nruas rotating qauv rau hauv lub hom phiaj cov khoom yog loaded.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib hloov, cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau lag tom qab cov yas thiab raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov kab tshwj xeeb. Nws hloov tawm qhov pib ua ntawm plastics, ua rau kom cov uniformity ntawm lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev sib cais zoo li no, qee qhov ntawm cov yas lawv tus kheej kuj poob. Raws li txoj cai, qhov sib faib ntawm kev poob tsis tshaj 1%. Cov thawv ntim khoom siv rau kev ntxuav yog siv los ntxuav los ntawm cov pa phem. Lub crushed hais yog ntxuav nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau ntawm dej, uas yog muab nyob rau hauv lub siab. Qee lub sij hawm cov kuab tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv dej txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Kev Cai Recycling

Tus kheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog vim qhov tseeb tias tsuas yog cov yas cais tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm, uas tseem npaj rau kev sib xyaw nrog cov khoom tsim nyog hauv cov qauv. Kev ua nws tus kheej yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, tab sis extruder yog suav tias yog lub ntsiab. Tshwj xeeb installation nrog augers thiab hopperKev thauj khoom siv cov yas crushed, melts nws thiab pub nws los ntawm extruder mus rau cov kab ntau lawm. Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev tso tawm, nyob ntawm lub tshuab, tus neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov kev txwv ntawm cov yas tso tawm. Lub degree ntawm compression ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv kuj adjustable, uas kuj tso cai rau koj xaiv qhov ntev ntev ntawm cov ntsia hlau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej txaus homogenization.

hom kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov yas no yog suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov khoom ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom, tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem rov qab mus tas li. Qhov tseeb yog tias tib yam khoom siv yas tuaj yeem ua tiav tsis pub ntau tshaj 3-4 zaug siv cov cuab yeej no, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev siv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov huab hwm coj xa mus rau cov kab rov ua dua tshiab nrog kev ua cov tshuaj sib sib zog nqus.

Kev tsis sib cais ntawm cov yas rov siv dua tshiab

Kev cais tawm ntawm theem ntawm kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv ntawm cov pov tseg yas kuj tau txiav txim siab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis rau lawv kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Feem ntau, cov tshuab melting nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv rau calendering cov khoom siv rau qhov no. Yog li ntawd, npaj txhij-rau-siv panels, daim hlau thiab cov ntawv yas yog xa mus rau qhov tawm. Qhov no yog cov khoom ntxhib nrog cov qauv nruj, uas muaj qhov sib piv loj ntawm impurities. Vim yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom thib peb, qhov zoo ntawm cov yas thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg raug txo. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tsis sib cais ntawm cov yas yog tus nqi tsim nyog thiab muab cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws hauv qee qhov chaw.

Recycling by casting

txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab, lwm txoj hauv kev tau tsim los txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Kev siv tshuab ntawm ntau cov khoom siv casting yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim cov khoom ua ke. Nws cov ntsiab lus yog tias cov khoom peb-tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm ntau qib molding. Nws yog raws li cov yas pheej yig raws li tib yam khoom tsis zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov zoo. Nyob rau hauv lem, txheej txheej yog ib tug kiag li purified ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg muaj pes tsawg leeg, rau cov yas extruder ua tau siv.

Kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv yas raws li cov khoom siv molding yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas ua kom cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm ntau txoj kev. Los ntawm txoj kev, plastics tsis yog ib txwm siv rau cov txheej txheem sab hauv. Lawv feem ntau hloov los ntawm cov khoom pheej yig dua xws li barium sulfate, talc, ceramics, thiab lwm yam.

Kev hloov pauv cov pov tseg yas

Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog uas kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum yog txhawm rau kom tau txais tib yam kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv uas yav dhau los tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Cov theem no qhib tau dav dav rau kev hloov kho cov qauv los ntawm kev qhia tshwj xeeb additives. Piv txwv li, kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov yas nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ethylene copolymer pab txhawb kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab elasticity. Yog hais tias xws li ib tug inclusion yog nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm polyvinyl chloride, ces ib tug yuav suav tau rau ib tug nce nyob rau hauv tej yam kuj.

Cov Khoom Siv Rov Qab

Tsis muaj ntau lub tshuab tshwj xeeb tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm puv. Nyob rau hauv Russia, piv txwv li, lub Reverzer installation los ntawm Japanese tuam txhab Mitsubishi paub. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm tib lub tshuab extruder nruab nrog cov ntsia hlau thiab cov cuab yeej degassing. Cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tsev kuj tau paub txog cov khoom siv ua cov khoom siv hauv Askiv, qhov zoo uas tau pom los ntawm EPG kev teeb tsa. Nov yog lub tuam txhab uas muaj txoj hauv kev tshiab los siv cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm cov tshuab extrusion.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv txoj kev rov ua dua zoo tshaj plaws?

Pib nrog, cov haujlwm uas twb tau ntsib cov khoom tso tawm yuav tsum raug ntsuas. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib cais, thiab nrog rau kev siv cov kev hloov pauv. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj plaws yog kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom siv yas, uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov laj kab zoo, cov ntaub ntawv hauv pem teb, insulating panels, thiab lwm yam. Cov thev naus laus zis rau kev ua cov purified plastics feem ntau yog tsom rau kev tsim cov thawv polyethylene tom ntej.

Zaj lus

Kev lag luam khoom siv pov tseg yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab xav tau hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Tau txais cov khoom siv pheej yig thiab siv tau ntawm tus nqi qis yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas coj cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev ua lag luam no. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv Russia no sector ntawm kev lag luam tseem tsis tau tsim raws li nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Ntawm qhov ntauCov tsim muaj peev xwm txawv tsuas yog los ntawm Plarus plastics processing plant, uas tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 2009. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam no suav nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub rau kev ua PET fwj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lwm lub tuam txhab tau txais lub zog, txhua xyoo nce cov khoom siv yas rov ua dua tshiab hauv ntau hom.