Txoj saw khoom yog Lub tswv yim thiab kev faib tawm
Txoj saw khoom yog Lub tswv yim thiab kev faib tawm

Video: Txoj saw khoom yog Lub tswv yim thiab kev faib tawm

Video: Txoj saw khoom yog Lub tswv yim thiab kev faib tawm
Video: Tuam Tshoj tsim kev phais cov ntaub, gel positioners, cov haujlwm ua haujlwm chav, phais cov ntxhuav 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Yog tias muaj dab tsi nyob mus ib txhis hauv peb lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam, nws yog kev xa khoom. Ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pabcuam, kev thauj mus los niaj hnub tau dhau mus ua ntej hauv kev sib piv nrog ntau qhov kev lag luam tsim khoom. Kev hloov pauv hloov feem ntau cuam tshuam rau txoj hauv kev tshiab hauv daim ntawv ntawm DRM - kev tswj cov saw hlau. Tom qab cov ntawv luv no yog lub hauv paus tshiab tus cwj pwm ntawm kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no.

Qhov tseeb tias lub tuam txhab muaj npe tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev xa khoom tau hloov npe los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Lag Luam mus rau Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam tau hais ntau.

Niaj hnub nimno logistics
Niaj hnub nimno logistics

Dab tsi yog qhov kev xa khoom xa khoom xa tuaj? Wb sim saib seb.

qauv thiab qhia meej

Xav los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm pab pawg xa khoom, cov khoom xa khoom yog ib pawg ntawm cov koom haum uaskoom nrog hauv cov khoom no: cov neeg muag khoom, cov neeg siv khoom, cov chaw tsim khoom, cov neeg nruab nrab. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau txuas los ntawm ib txoj kab thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua tiav.

Yog tias koj xav los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev pom, ces cov saw hlau yog txheej txheej txheej txheem los tsim tus nqi ntxiv hauv cov saw hlau kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

Ob qho kev tsim tawm yog qhov zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev hais lus nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, qhov no yog cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas thev naus laus zis.

Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management

Yog tias koj saib nws, cov khoom siv sib txuas yog ib pawg ntawm cov neeg xa khoom txuas ntxiv thiab cov neeg siv khoom, txhua tus cuam tshuam nrog nws cov neeg nyob ze thiab tau txais lub luag haujlwm tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem. Txhua tus neeg siv khoom dhau los ua tus xa khoom rau cov neeg koom nrog tom ntej hauv cov saw hlau.

Feem ntau cov saw hlau zoo li no tau txib los ntawm lub tuam txhab hauv nruab nrab (feem ntau yog tus neeg cog lus dav dav), uas tsim cov saw hlau, xaiv cov neeg koom, muab tso rau hauv lawv qhov chaw. Txhua tus paub lawv qhov chaw zoo thiab nkag siab txog lawv txoj haujlwm thiab lawv cov kab ke: qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv cov khoom siv.

Cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov saw hlau tseem muab faib ua theem:

  1. Cov neeg xa khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntawm thawj qib yog cov tuam txhab uas cog lus ua ke los ntawm lub koom haum hauv nruab nrab - tus neeg cog lus dav dav.
  2. Cov koom nrog hauv cov saw hlau thib ob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg xa khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thib ib.
  3. Chains hauv logistics
    Chains hauv logistics

Ntau zaus ib qib thib ob tsis txaus. Txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm cov saw hlau tuaj yeem tsim lawv tus kheej cov khoom siv thiab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg cog lus hauv nruab nrab hauv lawv cheeb tsam. Yog li, cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tuaj yeem ua rau txawv txawv thiab cov qauv sib txawv, qhov tseem ceeb uas yog qhov tseeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua ntawm txhua tus "neeg ua si".

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov saw hlau hauv kev xa khoom

Kev faib tawm feem ntau yog ua raws li ntau yam, thiab kev xa khoom tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Ntawm no yog qhov lawv faib subdivided:

  • by branching - tus naj npawb ntawm cov theem ntawm cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom;
  • los ntawm hom khoom xa tuaj;
  • los ntawm haiv neeg lossis thaj chaw.

Raws li cov theem ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov saw hlau, lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no:

  1. Cov khoom siv ncaj qha yog ib qho yooj yim ntawm kev ua nrog lub tuam txhab hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub taub hau. Tag nrho cov khoom xa tuaj yog tsim los ntawm ib tus neeg cog lus dav dav. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias lawv txhua tus tau txuas ncaj qha rau lub tuam txhab hauv nruab nrab.
  2. Cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov neeg cog lus hauv nruab nrab thiab ob pawg neeg coob. Hauv pab pawg sab laug, txhua tus neeg cog lus sib cuam tshuam, thiab hauv pab pawg ntawm sab xis, cov neeg nruab nrab thiab kev faib tawm txhua txoj hauv kev mus rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg.
Txoj kev mus kom ze
Txoj kev mus kom ze

Raws li hom khoom xa tuaj, cov khoom xa tawm tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj:

  1. Kev xa khoom. Txhua yam yog qhov tseeb ntawm no.
  2. muab kev pabcuam. Cov no yuav suav nrogMuaj ntau yam kev pab cuam xws li warehouses and storage, insurance, stock management in the supply chain, customs clearance, repairs, etc.

National thiab thoob ntiaj teb kev xa khoom

Lwm yam kev faib tawm raws li "geographical" cov txheej txheem:

  1. National mov chains yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm ib lub xeev nrog tag nrho cov tshwm sim. Lub koom haum ntawm cov chains zoo li no yooj yim dua, vim tias ob qho tib si raw khoom thiab cov khoom siv tau raug mined thiab tsim tawm ntawm no, hauv lawv thaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv ntau yam teeb meem: piv txwv li, nrog rau kev lis kev cai tshaj tawm los yog ib tug sib txawv txoj kev los kos cov ntawv cog lus. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, hais ncaj ncees, lub teb chaws-scale logistics ua hauj lwm tsis tau kawm.
  2. Cov saw hlau thoob ntiaj teb yog ib qho teeb meem sib txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab kev ua tau zoo. Feem ntau niaj hnub logistics schemes yog thoob ntiaj teb. Logisticians yog thawj zaug nkag siab lub ntsiab lus thiab kev cia siab ntawm lub tswv yim tshiab - ib qho chaw lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.

Global Supply Chain Systems

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb tuaj yeem kho qhov sib txawv: kev sib cav ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa thiab cov neeg tawm tsam feem ntau hnyav. Tab sis cov kws tshaj lij logisticians yuav ib txwm pov npav rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb vim nws nthuav dav dav. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau cov saw hlau tsis muaj ciam teb. Cov txheej txheem ntawm globalization muaj cov cim:

  • tshwm sim ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntiaj teb;
  • nqi ywj pheej ntawm lub teb chaws chaw;
  • kev ywj pheej los ntawm lub tebchaws txoj cai ntawm ntug dej hiav txwvzones;
  • tsim ntawm kev lag luam transatlantic alliances thiab koom haum.

Cov saw hlau thoob ntiaj teb mus dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm tsis yog lub xeev nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob sab av loj. Lub teb chaws tus neeg yuav khoom thiab cov muag khoom poob nws qhov tseem ceeb nrog kev xav tsis thoob thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem hauv txhua txoj kev.

Cov saw hlau
Cov saw hlau

Cov kab txuas txuas tuaj yeem nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Feem ntau, kev tsim cov khoom lag luam nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj cov nyiaj ua haujlwm qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam los ntawm kev faib khoom nkag mus rau thaj chaw sib txawv tshaj plaws rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Cov saw hlau tuaj yeem hla ciam teb ntau zaus, qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov sib xws, txo nqi, ceev thiab tag nrho cov khoom zoo.

Tshuaj thiab yam tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntxiv

Kev tswj cov saw hlau tsis nyob twj ywm. Raws li lub tuam txhab muaj cai tshaj plaws Gartner Research, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj mus los yuav loj hlob ntxiv vim yog cov hauv qab no:

Cov saw hlau
Cov saw hlau
  • Kev loj hlob sai thiab qhib kev lag luam tshiab hauv cov tebchaws tsim, uas yuav nthuav dav ntxiv rau cov khoom lag luam. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm kev nrhiav cov ntsia hlau ntau lawm hauv cov teb chaws (piv txwv li, kev lag luam tsheb).
  • Cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim ntawm kev nrawm nrawm hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov khw muag khoom. Logisticians poob sijhawm rau kev npaj. Cov uas tuaj yeem hnov qab hloov sai dua thiab leej twg paub qhov twg yuav yeej yuav yeej.sawv cev rau lo lus "diversification".
  • Lub boom ntawm outsourcing, uas yuam logisticians los ua cov kws tshaj lij multidisciplinary. Tam sim no cov kev cai rau kev tsim nyog ntawm logisticians hauv cov tuam txhab loj tau nce kaum npaug: kev xa khoom tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev vam meej hauv yuav luag txhua lub tuam txhab, tsis hais nws qhov profile.
  • Qhov kev thov loj heev rau kev hloov pauv, cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas cov kev daws teeb meem. Qhov zoo ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv logistics tseem tsis tau tham txog tam sim no, nws tau hais los ntawm lub neej ntawd ob qho tib si rau cov qauv qauv thiab rau cov khoom siv ib leeg.

MIT Council 2020 Unique Project

MIT yog lub npe nrov Massachusetts Institute of Technology, thiab MIT Council 2020 yog qhov kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev uas tsim los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov chaw tswj xyuas cov khoom siv. Txoj haujlwm tam sim no muaj hnub nyoog kaum ib xyoos thiab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev vam meej ntawm cov saw hlau rau yav tom ntej - los ntawm 2020.

ntse logistics
ntse logistics

Ob nqe lus hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev xav (lawv tseem yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj) tau tsim ua ntej:

  1. Kev xav 1: Qhov "kev coj ua zoo tshaj" tshwm sim tsis ua haujlwm thiab tsis muaj.
  2. Kev xav 2: Cov tuam txhab uas tsim tau zoo DRMs yeej cov neeg sib tw. DRM feem ntau hloov ib feem ntawm cov tswv yim lag luam.

Ntiaj teb cov thawj coj hauv DRM hnub no

Raws li ib feem ntawm Pawg Sab Laj 2020 qhov project, MIT kuj tseem koom nrog hauv kev sib tw logistics thoob ntiaj teb. Cov thawj coj hauv DRM yog Amazon, P&G, Apple, Dell, IBM, McDonald's, POSCO, thiab Wal-Mart. Mart raws li cov hauv qab no:

  • Muaj lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb ntawm UOC nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev lag luam cov tswv yim.
  • Kev ua haujlwm ua qauv zoo rau kev ua tiav cov tswv yim lag luam tseem ceeb thiab kev npaj cov saw hlau.
  • Tshaj tawm lub hom phiaj nrog lub tswv yim ua lag luam thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm taw qhia rau nws.
  • Kev ua kom zoo thiab txo qis ntawm cov lej txuas (cov khoom siv logistics) hauv cov saw hlau.

Txoj haujlwm tseem tab tom ua thiab lub ntiaj teb cov kws tshaj lij kev xa khoom tau tos ntsoov rau nws cov txiaj ntsig. Hauv particular, yog, piv txwv li, ob lub tswv yim kev xav tau lees paub? Txog tam sim no txhua yam tab tom mus rau qhov no…

Zaj lus

Yog koj cov menyuam tsis paub yuav mus kawm qhov twg, xa lawv mus rau cov tsev kawm qib siab uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev xa khoom, koj yuav tsis khuv xim. Thiab mus kawm ntawv, yog tias muaj xwm txheej tso cai. Thiab coj UCP rau cov ncauj lus kawm. Kev ua siab loj, kev tshuaj xyuas, kev quab yuam majeure adrenaline surges hauv cov ntshav, qhov chaw loj heev rau cov kev daws teeb meem zoo nkauj, kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb - dab tsi ntxiv rau tus neeg muaj lub taub hau zoo thiab lub siab xav mus dhau lub neej xav tau? Hmoov zoo!

Pom zoo: