Qhov twg thiab leej twg ua haujlwm: chemical technology

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Yuav ua li cas muaj haujlwm nyob rau hauv chemical engineering? Qhov no thiab ntau ntxiv yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no.

Speci alty "chemical technology" - nws yog dab tsi?

Chemistry coj los ua ke ntau tus kws tshaj lij sib txawv. Cov no yog cov kws tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis, cov kws qhia ntawv, cov kws pab kuaj mob thiab ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom xav txog tej yam khoom siv thev naus laus zis niaj hnub yam tsis muaj chemistry. Yuav luag tag nrho cov cuab yeej siv nyob ib puag ncig peb yog qee yam txuas nrog qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Ntau tus neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov neeg thov lossis cov tub ntxhais kawm, xav paub qhov twg yuav tau txais txoj haujlwm, ua haujlwm nrog leej twg. Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj ntau yam kev xaiv. Qhov no suav nrog, piv txwv li, kev lag luam khoom noj, tshuaj, chaw tsim khoom tsim ntau yam khoom thiab ntau lwm lub lag luam.

Qhov tseeb, tus neeg uas tau xaiv chemistry raws li nws txoj kev taw qhia yuav pom qhov twg mus ua haujlwm. Tib yam tshwj xeeb "chemical technology" suav nrog ntau thaj chaw thiab subspecies. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no yuav tau tham hauv qab no. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg uas xaiv cov kev taw qhia ntawm "tshuaj lom neeg technology".

Leej twg ua haujlwm?

Nyiaj hli thiab tag nrho cov haujlwm - cov no yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cov neeg thov txaus siab tshaj plaws. Koj tuaj yeem qhia dab tsi txog qhov chaw ua haujlwm sawv cev? Hom haujlwm twg muaj?

Qhov tshwj xeeb suav nrog ob yam tseem ceeb: kev ua tau zoo thiab theoretical. Yuav hais li cas txog thawj? Qhov no suav nrog, raws li txoj cai, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam. Cov no yog cov kws tshaj lij, engineers, kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (peb tab tom tham txog cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev tswj cov khoom zoo) thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij no suav nrog kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv raw, txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag, ua haujlwm nrog ntau hom hluavtaws fibers, chiv, thiab lwm yam. Cov kws kho mob tshuaj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag metallurgical, hauv cov roj lossis roj, hauv cov koom haum kho mob, thiab lwm yam.

theorists ua dab tsi? Lawv txhawb kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm theorists yog chav kuaj, tsev kawm qib siab (Faculty of Chemical Technology) thiab lwm lub tsev tshawb fawb.

Cov lus nug ntawm cov nyiaj hli tsis tuaj yeem raug los ntawm txoj haujlwm tsis meej. Lawm, ntau nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, nyob rau thaj tsam twg, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais kom paub tseeb tias cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw chemistry tau txais tsawg. Nov yog qee cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tshuaj lom neeg hauv tebchaws Russia:

• 41% ntawm cov haujlwm tsis txaus nrog cov haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom nrog cov nyiaj hli ntawm 35 txog 45 txhiab rubles;
• 31% ntawm cov haujlwm tsis txaus nrog cov haujlwm (hauv kev ua haujlwm) nrog cov nyiaj hli los ntawm 45mus txog 80 txhiab rubles;
• cov haujlwm nyob hauv cov chaw tshawb fawb nrog cov nyiaj hli ntawm 40 txog 50 txhiab rubles.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov haujlwm hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg tau suav tias yog cov nyiaj tau los siab tshaj plaws.

Zoo xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm

Tshuaj engineering yog qhov tshwj xeeb, nyuaj thiab nyuaj. Tias yog vim li cas nws tsis tuaj yeem hais txog qhov zoo thiab tus cwj pwm zoo uas tus kws tshaj lij tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj.

Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias lo lus nug ntawm hom dab tsi uas tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum muaj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li cov lus nug ntawm qhov twg thiab nrog leej twg ua haujlwm. Cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj lom neeg yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv qab no:

• Kev mob siab. Tsis muaj dab tsi phem dua yog tias tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis mob siab rau nws txoj haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm tsuas yog nyiaj txiag xwb. Ib tug kws tshuaj-technologist, thiab ntau dua li tus kws tshawb fawb, yuav tsum hlub thiab hwm ib puag ncig uas nws ua haujlwm.
• Kev xav txog kev xav, kev muaj peev xwm los txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas kev paub.
• Ua haujlwm siab. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua hauv thaj chaw no yog mob hnyav thiab nyuaj (thiab tsis hais seb yuav ua haujlwm nrog leej twg). Chemical engineering tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm rau txhua tus. Tsuas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm hnyav, siab tawv thiab tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem mus ntawm no.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau hais tias tus neeg ua haujlwm yuav xav tau lub cim xeeb zoo, txhim kho kev siv lub cev muaj zog, kev pom zoo, kev hnov tsw thiab ntau ntxiv.

Kev xav tau rau txoj haujlwm

Tau kawg, tus cwj pwm zoo heevtseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm. Yuav ua li cas txog kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse kom ua tau haujlwm zoo?

Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• Kev paub dav dav ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm chemistry (txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm hauv ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb, ces kev paub txog lwm yam kev qhuab qhia thiab kev tshawb fawb tseem yuav xav tau).
• Kev muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, ua tau zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb ua kev sim thiab tshawb fawb.
• Lub peev xwm los hloov kho koj cov kev paub tas li thiab lees paub nws hauv cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb tshaj lij.

Tau kawg, tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab dav dav tau hais los saum toj no. Yog tias koj xav kawm ib yam dab tsi kom ntxaws txog txhua qhov chaw nqaim, koj yuav tsum xa mus rau cov lus piav qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj haujlwm thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv; lawv tseem yuav teb cov lus nug uas yuav ua haujlwm nrog leej twg.

Tshuaj Engineering Kev Kawm

Universities muab ntau yam kev xaiv rau kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Yog li, ntxiv rau cov kev taw qhia yooj yim "chemistry", kuj tseem muaj xws li "chemical technology thiab biotechnology", "tshuaj tiv thaiv", "analytical control over the quality of chemical compounds" thiab ntau ntxiv.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv twg muaj lub sijhawm kom tau txais kev kawm hauv cov lus nug tshwj xeeb? Peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias hauv qab no:

• MSU lawv. Lomonosov;
• Russian Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Tshuaj Technology;
• RussianState University of Oil thiab Gas thiab ntau lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Yog li, saum toj no nws tau hais txog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txog qhov tshwj xeeb "tshuaj lom neeg siv tshuab". Leej twg ua haujlwm rau, nyiaj hli thiab nyiaj tau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev cob qhia - tag nrho cov no tau nthuav tawm saum toj no.