Molybdenum - yog dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 18:53

Tsis muaj coob tus neeg paub tias molybdenum yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg ntawm pawg thib rau ntawm lub rooj sib tham, ntsig txog kev hloov pauv hlau. Hauv cov qauv kev faib tawm, nws nyob ib sab ntawm chromium thiab tungsten. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov xim grey nplua nuj thiab cov xim hlau tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom refractory no tau pom dav siv hauv kev lag luam metallurgical.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom

Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv ntau tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no txog kev tshawb pom molybdenum. Qhov no yog vim lub ntsiab tsis yog heev. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj qhov hais txog nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1778, thaum chemistry analytical tseem tsis tau txog nws qhov kev loj hlob. Ua ntej, cov khoom raug cais tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm oxide.

Txawm hais tias qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv xyoo 1778, lub npe tam sim no siv ntau dhau lawm. Nws feem ntau tau hais txog cov xim hlau lead-xim thaum ntxov raws li Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Nyob hauv ib puag ncig

Txawm hais tias molybdenum tsis yog ib qho khoom siv heev, nws kuj sib npaug sib npaug hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Nws tsis tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv dawb. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau no suav nrog carbonate thiabpob zeb ultrabasic. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv. Muaj hlau tsawg dua nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tshaj qhov tob.

Muaj ob hom kev tshwm sim:

• sulfide;
• molybdate.

Lawv tshwm raws li kev zais zais hauv microscopic. Crystallization ntawm molybdenite tshwm sim nrog nce acidity thiab muaj qhov txo qis ib puag ncig. Oxygen compounds feem ntau yog tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li rau lub hauv paus ores, molybdenite tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lawv ua ke nrog cov zaub mov ntawm tooj liab, bismuthine, thiab wolframite. Cov hlau pom nyob rau hauv ntau ntau hauv sediments.

Cov nyiaj tso nyiaj loj hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias Federation, kev siv molybdenum yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev ua si. Lub teb chaws muaj ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv pob zeb loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb rau kev rho tawm cov hlau no. Lub ntsiab ntawm kev lag luam yog concentrated nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Siberia.

Hais txog kev khaws cia, Russia tsuas yog thib ob rau peb lub tebchaws - Tebchaws Meskas, Tuam Tshoj thiab Chile. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov peev txheej ntxhia yog sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom lag luam tso nyiaj uas muaj ntau dua 87% ntawm cov peev txheej tshawb nrhiav. Txawm li cas los xij, Lavxias teb sab deposits yog yus muaj los ntawm tsis zoo heev ores.

Lub rooj qhia qhov tso nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws.

Npe	Region
Zhirekenskoe	Chita Region
Orekitkanskoe	Buryatia
Sorskoye	Khakassia
Tyrnyauzskoe	Kabardino-Balkaria

siv tswv yim

Nyob hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, kev siv molybdenum yog ua los ntawm kev tsim cov xov hlau lossis cov ntaub nplaum tsim los tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab txias. Cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom cua sov rau lub qhov cub hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob teeb lossis cov raj X-ray.

Qhia cov hlau ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm cov hlau. Tom qab nws cov kev taw qhia rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv lub zog zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion nce, uas yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant alloys feem ntau tsim nrog ntxiv ntawm molybdenum, uas kuj acid-resistant.

Cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov hlau no nquag siv hauv kev tsim cov tawv nqaij pem hauv ntej ntawm cov dav hlau thiab cov cuaj luaj. Raws li cov alloys, honeycomb panels ntawm aircraft thiab thermal cov ntxaij vab tshaus yog tsim. Kev ua haujlwm siab kub tso cai rau kev siv cov khoom siv nrog kev qhia txog molybdenum rau kev ua cov hlau. Ntau lub tebchaw ua raws li catalysts rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg

Molybdenum yog ib lub teeb grey hlau nrog lub ntim nruab nrab ntawm lub cubic lattice. Nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov purity ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej, nrog rau kev kho ua ntej thiab kev kho cua sov. Lub cev lub cev tau tham txog ntau yam ntxiv hauv cov lus hauv qab no.hauv qab no.

Parameter	Meaning
melting point	2610 degrees
Thermal conductivity index	142W/(mK)
Kub ntawm evaporation	590kJ/mol
Shear modulus	122 GPa
Metal hardness	125HB
Molar ntim	9, 4 cu. cm/mol

Raws li cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, cov khoom siv ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem oxidation pib mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj 400 degrees. Alkaline daws muaj qhov cuam tshuam qeeb ntawm molybdenum. Moisture resistance tsis muaj aeration yog qhov siab heev.

Compound nrog lwm yam hlau

Qhov zoo ntawm cov txiaj ntsig molybdenum alloys loj nyob ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem, nrog rau lub peev xwm ntawm impurities siv thiab lub hauv paus tivthaiv cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom. Doping technology plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qee yam kev sib txuas ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txog kev tsim nyog rau kev siv ntxiv.

Molybdenum tsis sib tov zoo nrog tungsten. Nrog nws cov kev taw qhia, qhov kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom nce ntxiv, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsis kam rau deformation deteriorates. Cov teeb meem zoo sib xws tshwm sim hauv kev sib txuas nrog lwm cov hlau, yog li ntawdhom doping tsis siv lawm.

Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm, nws tseem tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qee qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov rau kev siv molybdenum. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, plasticity, tsis kam mus deformation thiab lwm yam ntxwv yog nyob rau tib theem.

Hloov hauv kev lag luam

Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom suav nrog kev siv cov khoom siv tsis yog hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab xwb, tab sis kuj nrog ntxiv ntawm impurities. Hauv qab no yog cov qib ntawm molybdenum uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev lag luam.

Kev tsim qauv	Kev piav qhia
MCHVP	Nws yog cov hlau ntshiab uas tsim los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev melting.
CM	Cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj tshwj xeeb additives. Feem ntau titanium lossis zirconium.
MCH	Molybdenum cov ntsiab lus yog 99.96 feem pua. Tus so yog los ntawm additives.
MK	Lub hauv paus hlau muaj silica additives los txhim kho cov kua qaub.
MPH	Ib yam ntawm molybdenum ntshiab, tab sis nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm impurities. Lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis ntau tshaj 0.08 feem pua.

Txhim txheej txheem

Rau kev tsim cov molybdenum, ore yog npaj, suav nrog txog li 50 feem pua ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm leej faj, me me concentration.silicon thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm qhov kub ntawm 570 txog 600 degrees hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb. Tom qab thermal raug, ib qho concentrate yog tsim muaj molybdenum oxide nrog impurities.

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev kom tau txais ib pawg yam tsis muaj teeb meem txawv teb chaws:

1. Txoj kev ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Thaum siv dej ammonia, qhov tshwm sim cinder hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev ua kua. Txawv teb chaws impurities raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Tom qab ua tiav, lawv tus lej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.05 feem pua.
2. Y Los ntawm sublimation, uas yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov khoom sib txuas rau hauv lub xeev gaseous. Nrog rau qhov kev xaiv no, cov theem ua kua yog hla.

Molybdenum oxide purified los ntawm impurities yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub raj furnaces los ntawm hydrogen. Yog li ntawd, ib tug hmoov yog tau, uas, los ntawm melting thiab qhia tshwj xeeb tshuaj, yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv hlau. Cov duab ntawm cov blanks yuav nyob ntawm seb cov tshuab siv ntau lawm.

Tshuaj Molybdenum Khoom

hom khoom siv tshaj plaws yog rods. Lawv tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog siv los ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj tseem ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov hlau. Molybdenum rods nrog ib tug square seem ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 40 hli ua raws li ib tug raw khoom rau kev tsim khoom.

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tau txais cov tuav, kev sib hloov forging yog nqa tawm, uas yuav siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob peb theem. Nyob rau hauv txhua theem, tuav nrog ib qho kev hla ntu yog tsim. Cov txheej txheem forging sib txawv raws li txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov khoom tuaj. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis suav nrog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.

Molybdenum kuj tseem siv los ua cov hlau tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim nws los ntawm cov rods npaj kom zoo, txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 3 hli. Nrog rau ntu no, cov khoom lag luam tau yooj yim raug mob ntawm lub kauj rau kev tsim cov hlau txuas ntxiv.

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, cov txheej txheem broach yog siv, uas suav nrog plaub theem tseem ceeb. Cov hlau nws thiaj li tau txais txoj kab uas hla kawg, uas tau teem ua ntej. Cov txheej txheem kub thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 300 txog 700 degrees.

Tom qab kos duab, cov hlau raug ntxuav los ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv ib puag ncig hydrogen. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov kub nce mus txog 1300-1400 degrees. Qee zaum kev ntxuav yog ua los ntawm electrolytic pickling siv nitrogen.

Molybdenum tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv thiab cov strips. Lawv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm forging thiab dov. Hauv kev tsim khoom, pneumatic hammers thiab ob-yob mills yog siv. Lub thickness ntawm lub resulting sawb tom qab kub dov yog nyob ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm thawj phaj.

Tom qab kev tsim khoom, molybdenum strips raug tshuaj ntxuav. Lawv muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj nquag. Tom ntej no, txias dov yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau theem kawg, cov kab xev rov qab tau muab ntxuav thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, polished.

Muaj cov qauv tsim rau cov khoom siv hlau los ntawmmolybdenum. GOST 18905-73 tsim cov kev cai rau kev tsim cov hlau. Nws qhia txog qhov kam rau ua rau huab hwm coj thiab txoj kab uas hla.

Molybdenum cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Russia

Skarn, stockwork thiab vein deposits yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Hais txog qhov zoo, cov mined ore tsis ntau inferior rau txawv teb chaws raw cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis nws tseem muaj tej yam nta txuam nrog cov qauv.

Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov neeg tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm molybdenum yog ob lub tuam txhab:

• Sorsky GOK LLC.
• JSC Zhirekensky GOK.

Cov tuam txhab teev npe muab txog 95 feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv hlau hauv tsev.

Nyob rau hauv xaus txog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub caij rau tib neeg lub cev

Molybdenum ua raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg. Nws muaj nyob hauv ntau lub cev thiab cov pob txha. Qhov xav tau txhua hnub rau cov khoom siv tshuaj yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 70-300 mcg. Nrog nws qhov tsis txaus, cov ntsuas no nce.

Molybdenum koom nrog hauv cov metabolism, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxuav lub cev ntawm aldehydes, acids thiab lwm yam sib xyaw. Nws txhawb kev siv hlau, tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm sai sai ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau hom kev lom. Cov kab mob zoo ntxuav lub cev ntawm cov tshuaj lom.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias molybdenum txo qhov mob ntawm kev mob caj dab thiab lwm yam kab mob, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum muaj mob hawb pob, txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav hauvplab hnyuv thiab plab. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv nplooj zaub, buckwheat, barley, siab, qe, mis nyuj, gooseberries thiab dub currants.