Cog "Dynamo", Moscow: chaw nyob, khoom, nthuav qhov tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Moscow tsob nroj "Dynamo" muaj npe tom qab S. Kirov rau lub sijhawm ntev yog tsob ntoo loj tshaj plaws hauv Moscow. Nws muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj nplua nuj cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob Soviet. Tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov nroj tsuag tiag ceased. Tus tswv ntawm cov nroj tsuag OAO AEK Dynamo xauj qhov chaw ntawm lub tuam txhab.

Pib tsob ntoo keeb kwm

Dynamo tau ua nws keeb kwm txij li xyoo 1897. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib koom ua lag luam Belgian tuam txhab, Central Electric Company ntawm lub nroog Moscow tau tsim. Ntawm no lawv tau pib sib sau cov tshuab hluav taws xob muaj ntawv tso cai, lub cev muaj zog, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev nqa cov tshuab hauv cov khoom me me.

Xyoo 1913, cov nroj tsuag tau pauv mus rau cov tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias Lub Tuam Txhab Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Dynamo, lub tuam txhab sau npe hauv St. Tsis ntev nws twb nationalized. Tom qab cov xwm txheej tshwm sim ntawm xyoo 1917, cov nroj tsuag tseem nyob hauvxeev vaj tse.

pib txoj kev ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob locomotive

Nyob rau nees nkaum xyoo dhau los, ntu Suram ntawm Transcaucasian railway pib ua hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ntawm tag nrho Soviet Union. Txawm li cas los xij, USSR tsis muaj cov chaw tsim khoom tsim hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm ntawd - lawv tau yuav txawv teb chaws nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev teeb tsa lawv tus kheej.

Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, cov ntawv cog lus tau kos npe rau kev yuav khoom ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv Asmeskas los ntawm General Electric thiab hauv Ltalis los ntawm Technomazine Brown Boveri. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib cog lus kev sib raug zoo tshwj xeeb tau hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv rau hluav taws xob locomotives tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho cov cav tov hauv USSR.

Tib lub sijhawm, tsuas yog ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv no tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob txawv teb chaws. Cov seem yuav tsum tau muab rau cov khoom tsim ntawm Dynamo Moscow cog.

Lub Locomotive Cog hauv Kolomna yuav tsum muab cov khoom siv tshuab, thaum Dynamo yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thaum kawg ntawm nees nkaum xyoo pua dhau los, cov tuam txhab no, raws li GE cov ntaub ntawv, tau pib npaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab. Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1932, cov nroj tsuag Dynamo tau tsim thawj lub cav, uas yog hu ua DPE-340, tsim los rau cov tsheb American.

thawj Soviet hluav taws xob locomotives

Nrog kev tuaj txog ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab los ntawm Kolomna thaum Lub Yim Hli 1932, kev tsim khoom loj pib. Thawj locomotivespib los ntawm cov ntawv luv SS "Surami hom ntawm Soviet ntau lawm." Tab sis cov hluav taws xob locomotives tau dhau los ua tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm feem ntau ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ntawm USSR. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov load ntawm cov tshiab locomotives ntawm lub rails yog heev siab, txog 22 tf, hos cov uas twb muaj lawm yuav tiv taus tsis ntau tshaj 20 tf.

Vim li ntawd, muaj qhov xav tau rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Lavxias txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1932, cov nroj tsuag Dynamo tau pib tsim lub tsheb ciav hlau, uas yuav tsum muaj 6 lub axles txav tau. Thaum lub Yim Hli xyoo no, nws tau mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Thawj daim ntawv luam tawm ntawm lub rooj vag Hoobkas thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 6, 1932. Nws tau dhau los ua thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim thiab tsim tawm hauv USSR.

Nkauj tawm tshiabVL series

Cov neeg ua haujlwm Dynamo tau thov kom xaiv cov koob tshiab li VL (Vladimir Lenin). Nws hu ua VL19. Nrog rau qhov xwm txheej no, USSR tau qhia tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tias nws tau txais nws txoj kev lag luam hluav taws xob, thiab Dynamo cog (Moscow) tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm nws cov khoom tseem ceeb.

Ua ke nrog Kolomna cog nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1933 txog 1934, 20 SS kawg tau tsim. Cov tuam txhab tau hloov mus rau kev tsim khoom ntawm VL19. Los ntawm 1934 txog 1935, 45 lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm hom no tau tsim.

Xyoo 1935, cov nroj tsuag tau muaj npe tom qab Kirov. Nws tau los ua Moscow Hluav Taws Xob Tshuab Tsev cog npe tom qab S. M. Kirov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab uas tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm ob hom hluav taws xob.(1500 thiab 3000 Volts). Lub caij ntuj no, cov nroj tsuag Dynamo tab tom tsim thawj qhov kev sim locomotive, uas yog hu ua VL 19-41.

Kev koom tes nrog Kolomna cog tsis tau tso tseg. Nyob rau hauv 1938, lawv tau sib koom ua ke tsim ib tug hluav taws xob locomotive ntawm SS series, nrog rau nws sib sib zog nqus Modernization. Lub cev qauv tau hloov tag nrho. Lub laub tau txais cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab. Ntawm cov nroj tsuag Dynamo, daim duab hluav taws xob tau tsim rau cov koob no, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab thiab qib siab heev. Qhov no locomotive mus rau hauv serial ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub abbreviation VL22. Xyoo 1938, lawv tso 6 daim.

Ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob hu ua OP22. Nws tau xav tias qhov no yuav yog thawj locomotive nyob rau hauv lub USSR ua hauj lwm rau alternating tam sim no. Lub tshuab sim tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1938. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov koob tau raug tso tseg vim qhov pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau muab tshem tawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau hloov mus siv rau lwm qhov kev xav tau.

Ua ntej pib ua tsov rog, 33 lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm VL22 series tau tsim los ntawm Dynamo cog. Txij li thawj hnub ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, kev tsim cov tsheb ciav hlau tau nres, cov nroj tsuag pib tsim cov khoom siv rau pem hauv ntej.

Tsov rog xyoo

Feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1941 yuav raug hloov mus rau lub nroog Miass hauv Urals. Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1942, thawj cov khoom siv tub rog, cov tshuab hluav taws xob rau cov kev xav tau ntawm aviation thiab tank tsev, pib muaj. Tab sis kujcov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv Moscow txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1941 txog 1945, Dynamo cog tau tsim cov mortars thiab plhaub. Tank tau kho nyob rau hauv lub rhiav ntawm lub tuam txhab. Ntau tshaj 3,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas tau mus rau pem hauv ntej. Rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, yim tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas tau txais lub npe siab ntawm Heroes ntawm Soviet Union.

Post-war

Tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, kev lag luam pib maj mam rov qab thiab hloov mus rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam. Nws cov chaw tab tom raug kho dua tshiab. Lawv tab tom rov tsim kho dua tshiab, kev cob qhia tshiab tab tom tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv, nws lub peev xwm tsis txaus los pib tsim hluav taws xob locomotives hauv cov koob loj. Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ntawm USSR tau ntsib qhov tsis txaus ntawm hluav taws xob locomotives vim muaj hluav taws xob loj heev. Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, ib qho chaw tsim khoom loj tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub nroog Novocherkassk, Rostov Thaj Chaw, tsom rau kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb (nruab nrab NEVZ). Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1946, qhov kawg ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob locomotive, VL22-1804, tau tshwm sim ntawm Dynamo cog. Nws tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kawg uas tsim los ntawm Dynamo. Cov nroj tsuag tsom rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov tsheb hluav taws xob.

Kev hloov mus rau kev tsim khoom tshiab, kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsim khoom

Nyob rau tsib caug xyoo dhau los, cov nroj tsuag tsom nws cov kev tsim khoom ntawm traction-hom hluav taws xob motors rau lub subway, trams, trolleybuses thiab lwm yam tsheb ntawm kev tsav hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov khoom siv crane. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog qhov xav tau ntawm cov pej xeemkev lag luam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog hluav taws xob motors ntawm D series, motors rau floating drilling rigs, hluav taws xob motors rau kaw-off systems nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, roj, nuclear thiab roj industries.

Txij li thaum pib xyoo 1970, cov nroj tsuag cov neeg ua haujlwm tau muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum ua tus kheej cov phiaj xwm txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa dav ntawm ntau lub chaw tsim khoom hauv USSR. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub seventies ntau lawm tau nce los ntawm ntau tshaj 2 lub sij hawm piv rau lub xyoo caum dhau los. Xyoo 1971, cov nroj tsuag tau txais txiaj ntsig Order of the October Revolution for special services to the country.

Lub sijhawm rov txhim kho, poob qis thiab kev puas tsuaj

Xyoo 1974, Dynamo Moscow cog tau los ua ib feem ntawm Dynamo Electric Machine-Building Association. Tom qab 15 xyoo, xyoo 1989, lub koom haum no tau los ua Dynamo Research thiab Production Association. Nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum lub sij hawm privatization, lub enterprise tau los ua ib tug sib koom-Tshuag hluav taws xob tuam txhab uas muag Dynamo.

Hauv xyoo 2002, raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm tsoomfwv Moscow, thaj chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab nws cov chaw tsim khoom tau pib xauj. Cov kev cob qhia ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau dhau los ua cov qauv tsim khoom sib cais.

Hauv xyoo 2008, ib qho kev tsim khoom ntawm Dynamo cog hauv Moscow tau nres. Kev txiav txim siab tau txiav txim siab hloov chaw ua haujlwm thiab muaj peev xwm mus rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm CJSC Dynamo-EDS. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov cuab yeej, suav nrog cov khoom siv crane nrog nws qhov kev tshem tawm, tsis tau ua tiav. Txij li thaum 2010, lub Moscow cog tau nyob rau hauvlub xeev tso tseg.

Nyob rau hauv qhov no, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias qhov tshwj xeeb engineering tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm dynasties, nrog rau cov tsev kawm ntawv ib puas xyoo tau ploj mus. Ib tsob ntoo zoo nkauj uas muaj keeb kwm zoo kawg nkaus yog nyob rau hnub kawg.

Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm st. Leninskaya Sloboda, 2 tam sim no ua ob lub khw muag khoom - Roomer, "Oranzhpark". Qhov chaw nres tsheb ze tshaj plaws yog Avtozavodskaya.

Church at the plant

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho cov nroj tsuag Dynamo, nws thaj chaw suav nrog lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Ntseeg ntawm Blessed Virgin Mary. Raws li keeb kwm keeb kwm, Fyodor Simonovsky tau tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj hauv qhov chaw no xyoo 1370. Qhov chaw ntawd hu ua Qub Ximoos. Lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb tau ua rau ntawm nws thaj chaw ntawm 1509 thiab 1510. Xyoo 1785-1787, lwm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub tsev teev ntuj kuj tau hloov pob zeb.

Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov tsim dua. Ob lub tsev teev ntuj raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub refectory: St. Nicholas thiab St. Sergius. Nyob rau hauv 1870, cam khwb cia hlau tombstones rau Alexander Peresvet thiab Andrey (Rodion) Oslyabi raug ntsia rau hauv Sergievsky chapel.

Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntxa ntawm tus phab ej ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kulikovo tau pom nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm pawg ntseeg. Keeb kwm ntawm lub neej ntawm Sergius ntawm Radonezh qhia hais tias ua ntej lub phiaj los nqis tes tawm tsam lub Mongol-Tatars, Prince Dmitry mus xyuas nws kom tau txais koob hmoov. Cov neeg dawb huv, tom qab foom koob hmoov rau nws rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, xa ob tug txiv plig nrog nws pab tub rog, uas yog Peresvet thiab Oslyabi. Nkawd ob leeg los ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe zoo thiab tau paub zooriam phom.

keeb kwm ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kulikovo piav qhia meej txog kev sib tw ntawm Peresvet thiab Chelubey, tus tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Tatar-Mongolian Horde. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no, tus yawg Lavxias tuag, zoo li tus thib ob xa nrog nws - Oslyabi. Ob leeg tau faus rau hauv Stary Simonovo, nyob rau hauv lub zeem muag ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo ntawm lub Nativity ntawm tus Dawb Huv Theotokos. Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau canonized ua neeg dawb huv.

Xyoo 1928 lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw, peb xyoos tom qab ntawd lub tswb pej thuam raug rhuav tshem. Memorial gravestones raug xa mus rau seem. Tom qab cov nroj tsuag Dynamo pib nthuav, lub tuam tsev tau los ua ib feem ntawm nws thaj chaw. Kev nkag mus rau nws raug kaw. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau siv los ua ib lub tsev lag luam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws pib deteriorate thiab vau.

Txawm hais tias qhov kev thov rov hais dua rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub nroog cov neeg nto moo, cov uas yog DS Likhachev, cov nroj tsuag tau muab lub tsev teev ntuj rau lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm xyoo 1987 nkaus xwb. Nws tau rov qab los rau cov ntseeg hauv xyoo 1989. Lub re-consecration tau ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 2010. Nyob rau hauv 2006, lub tswb pej thuam tau rov qab los, lub tswb "Peresvet" hnyav 2200 kg tau muab tso rau ntawd. Nws tau pub dawb rau pawg ntseeg los ntawm Bryansk, uas yog qhov chaw yug ntawm Peresvet thiab Oslyabi.

Tam sim no, lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov qab los lawm. Nws recreates phab ntsa paintings, iconostasis, ib tug qub sab hauv. Nws qhov chaw nyob yog tib yam li cov nroj tsuag: st. Leninskaya Sloboda, 2, nyob ze ze ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb metro Avtozavodskaya.

Nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom kev tu siab ntawm tsoomfwv yav dhau los. Qhov no yog lub tswb tawg, nrog rau cov seem ntawm gravestones, los ntawm cov curbs tau ua. Tom qab tau txhim tsa ntawm thaj chaw"Dynamo" ntawm lub lag luam lub quarter "Simanovsky", raws li zoo raws li lub demolition ntawm ib co industrial tsev, nkag mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj yog dawb.