Sudan nyom: kev cog qoob loo, kev cog qoob loo, cov noob thiab cov yam ntxwv lom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Sudanese nyom (los yog Sudanese sorghum, Sudanese) yog cov qoob loo uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv zoo tagnrho tej yam kev mob mus txog peb meters, tsim mus txog rau 120 stems los ntawm ib lub hauv paus. Nrog rau txoj cai agrotechnics ntawm cultivation, nws muab cov ntaub ntawv yields ntawm fodder txhua xyoo nyom. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm silage, quav nyab, freshly txiav ntsuab loj, nws yog siv rau fattening tsiaj txhu.

Sudan nyom: lom yam ntxwv

Sorghum sudanense belongs rau sorghum genus. Cov kab mob fibrous, muaj zog hauv paus tuaj yeem loj hlob 2.5 m tob thiab 75 cm dav. Tsis yog txhua hom yog siab. Kuj tseem muaj cov nroj tsuag cog tsawg dua li ib 'meter' siab nrog me me (txog 12 tua) thiab nruab nrab (12-25) bushiness. Ntau yam kuj txawv nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub hav txwv yeem:

• Upright.
• Liab.
• Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
• Sprawl.
• Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.

Nws yooj yim dua rau mow tsis muaj zog kis kab mob ncaj qha, yog li Sudanese sorghum nrog cov yam ntxwv no feem ntau. Siab siab Sudanese nyom hlob nyob rau hauv lub tropics, yees duabuas ntaus cov kev xav. Ntau hom kev cog qoob loo feem ntau tau cog rau hauv tebchaws Russia: nyom Mironovskaya 8, 12, Kinelskaya 100, Aida, Hercules 3, Chernomorka, Volgogradskaya 77, Azimut, Brodskaya 2, Novator 151, Severyanka, Novosibirskaya 84, Kamyshinskaya56, thiab lwm tus.

Khoom noj khoom haus

Sudanese nyom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm quav nyab thiab zaub yog ib qho khoom noj zoo. Nyob rau hauv ntsuab loj ntawm cov protein - 3%, protein - 4.4%, suab thaj - 7.9-9.1%. Nws yog qhov zoo los sib xyaw Sudanese nrog legumes, tshwj xeeb, alfalfa. Xws li cov khoom sib tov yog ntau saturated nrog calcium, proteins, extractive nitrogen-dawb tshuaj. Qhov ntau ntawm cov xim ntsuab ntom ntsuab, tiv taus mus rau grazing thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob sai (4-5 zaug ib lub caij zoo tshaj plaws cov nyom.

Kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm cov quav nyab nyob ntawm lub sijhawm txiav. Yog hais tias nws tau sau nyob rau hauv lub taub hau theem, ib tug ntau ntawm crude protein yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv cov khoom - 14-16%. Txawm tias muaj protein ntau (14.2-18.9%) yuav tau txais kev cawmdim yog tias cov Sudanese raug mowed nyob rau theem bobbing. Silage yog pom zoo kom tau sau thaum lub grain yog poured. Los ntawm txoj kev, silage yog khoom noj khoom haus piv rau pob kws.

Sudan nyom cultivation technology

Rau cov noob qoob loo, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej yog zaub, cov qoob loo loj (tshwj xeeb yog cov qoob loo caij ntuj no). Weed tswj yuav tsum tau. Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Siberian tshawb fawb lub koom haum pom tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm hav zoov-steppe, ib tug dlej noob tawm los tom qab ib tug fallow, ib txheej ntawm perennials, thiab pob kws.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los dawsav, noj mus rau hauv tus account nws hom thiab zoning. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws los ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Qhov no yuav pab saturate lub ntiaj teb nrog noo noo los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg los nag thiab daus. Nyob rau hauv Western Siberia (tsob hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam), nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, ib lub teb yog plowed tob (los ntawm 25 cm), thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav khaws noo noo, lawv hla nyob rau hauv ob lem nrog cov hniav harrows. Leveling, dov teb los ntawm kev npaj ua ntej thiab tom qab sowing ua kom cov phooj ywg zoo.

Tsuas yog cov av ntub dej, Sudanese nyom tsis xav tau ntawm cov av. Cov yam ntxwv lom neeg muab kev sau qoob loo zoo txawm tias nyob rau thaj av brackish. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws predecessors yog peas, pelyushka, vetch, alfalfa, cabbage, qos yaj ywm. Nws kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob pulses ua ke nrog Sudanese sorghum.

Qhov kev txiav thawj zaug thiab zaum thib ob sai dua, qhov loj dua qhov ntsuab loj yuav loj hlob hauv 2-3 cuttings tom ntej. Nws yog pom zoo kom sau qoob loo nrog mower-conditioners. Flattened stems wither sai dua thiab zoo dua, ntuj ziab yog nrawm.

Kev npaj noob

Sudan cov noob nyom yog teb rau kev npaj seedbed. Etching yog hloov nrog cua-thermal cua sov, kho nrog microfertilizers. Cov noob tau txais kev lom zem, germinate ua ke, yog saturated nrog microelements nrog tsawg siv chiv.

Ib txoj hauv kev los qhib cov txheej txheem biochemical thiab physiological yog txau ua ntej cog nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas muaj boron (tuaj yeem hloov nrog zinc) thiab manganese. Hauv 2 liv dej dissolve 15-18 g ntawm cov poov tshuaj permanganate thiab 6-9 g ntawm boron ntsev los yogzinc. Qhov ntim no txaus los ua 1 xees ntawm cov noob. Rau kev faib tawm, cov noob tau muab sib xyaw ua ke ntau zaus. Ua ntej sowing, lawv yuav tsum tau qhuav.

Ib txoj hauv kev niaj hnub ntxiv ntawm kev npaj cov noob qoob loo yog vernalization. Ncuav 20 liv dej rau hauv lub thawv, ncuav ib nrab ntawm cov noob. Tos kom txog thaum cov noob tag nrho nqus dej. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug muab tshem tawm thiab tsim ua pob me me, khaws cia hauv lub xeev no rau 8 hnub hauv qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm 20-30 ˚C. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv rotting, qhov loj yog tsis tu ncua stirred thiab shoveled. Nws yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas tus nqi ntawm germination. Yog hais tias cov noob yub sai heev, cov heaps yog raked. Vernalization yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov noob qoob loo.

Seed nqi

Sudanese nyom tsuas yog sown hauv av sov (+10 ˚C). Noob npaum li cas txawv nyob ntawm seb txoj kev sowing. Nrog rau txoj kev zoo tib yam txuas ntxiv - hauv 25-30 kg ib 1 ha. Nrog rau txoj kev dav-kab nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam arid, tus qauv yog ib nrab li ntau - 10-15 kg. Nrog txaus noo noo, cov noob yog cog rau mechanically mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 3-5 cm. Nyob rau hauv qhuav, lub teeb av, lub noob yog cog tob - 6-8 cm. Yog hais tias Sudan nyom yog sown nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov nrog rau lwm yam qoob loo, tus nqi ntawm noob. raug txo los ntawm 15-25%.

Seedbed npaj

Seedbed npaj yog siv sij hawm. Yog tias koj hla ib qho ntawm cov theem, cov phooj ywg ntawm cov noob, tillering, thiab cov khoom tsim tau yuav txo qis. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog:

1. Peeling.
2. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
3. obSeedbed cultivation.
4. pre-sowing av compaction.
5. Post-sowing av compaction.

Tseem siv chiv ua kom cov qoob loo. Pom zoo tus nqi ib 1 ha: 20-30 kg ntawm potash, 30-45 kg ntawm phosphorus, 30-45 kg ntawm nitrogen chiv.

khoom siv tau zoo

Ntxiv rau kev sau qoob loo ntau ntawm fodder ntsuab loj, Sudanese nyom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov av, tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag. Ua tsaug rau cov hauv paus muaj zog fiber ntau, kab lis kev cai ua rau kom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov dej noo thiab huab cua permeability ntawm cov av, loosens lawv, ua rau lawv sib dua, cov qauv, thiab cov dej ntws nrog cov dej noo ntau dhau. Cov av loosened nrog nyom hla huab cua zoo dua, cov av zoo microorganisms thiab worms multiply zoo dua, accelerating cov txheej txheem ntawm humus. Cov nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej mob tsawg, cov qoob loo nce.

Lub peev xwm ntawm Sudanese loj hlob ntawm cov av saline ua rau nws muaj peev xwm suav nrog cov ntsev marshes tsis haum rau lwm cov qoob loo hauv kev hloov qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas yaig mus zuj zus, nws kuj tseem ceeb heev rau tseb cov nyom no nrog cov hauv paus muaj zog uas ua rau cov av tsis zoo los ntawm huab cua, ntxuav tawm.

Tab sis muaj nuances. Zoo li pob kws, Sudanese rho tawm ntau cov kab hauv av, ua rau nws tsis zoo. Qhov teeb meem yog daws los ntawm kev cog qoob loo nrog taum txhua xyoo. Kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj zoo nrog cov chiv kuj rov ua kom cov microbiological tshuav nyiaj li cas.