Tsimlyanskaya HPP yog lub zog loj ntawm Don
Tsimlyanskaya HPP yog lub zog loj ntawm Don

Video: Tsimlyanskaya HPP yog lub zog loj ntawm Don

Video: Tsimlyanskaya HPP yog lub zog loj ntawm Don
Video: 6 Nqi Lus Qhia Kev Ua neej ( leej twg mloog lub neej yuav zoo tuaj) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Tsimlyanskaya HPP, yog tib lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm Don River, yog tib lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev dej Volga-Don. Nws nyob hauv cheeb tsam Rostov, tsis deb ntawm cov nroog ntawm Volgodonsk thiab Tsimlyansk, uas tau tsim tsuas yog vim qhov pom ntawm lub zog cog. Cov duab ntawm Tsimlyansk chaw nres tsheb fais fab fais fab tsis muaj peev xwm qhia tau qhov loj me ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb cov qauv, nws yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm tib neeg uas koj yuav tsum pom ntawm tus kheej.

Tsimlyanskaya HPS
Tsimlyanskaya HPS

theem ntawm kev tsim kho zoo

thawj lub tswv yim hais txog txoj kev dej ntws ntawm Volga thiab Don nrog lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab thiab lub pas dej ua ke tau ua haujlwm thaum ntxov li xyoo 1927, 1933 thiab 1938, tab sis rau ntau yam, kev txhim kho ntawm txoj haujlwm pib. tsuas yog xyoo 1944.

Kev txiav txim siab los tsim txoj kev dej Volga-Don thiab Tsimlyansk hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb, uas yog ib feem ntawm nws, tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm tsoom fwv Soviet lub Ob Hlis 27, 1948. Txoj kev tsim kho tau tshaj tawm tam sim ntawd "qhov chaw tsim kho loj ntawm kev ntseeg." Lub chaw nres tsheb tau teem sijhawm nkag mus rau kev pabcuam hauv xyoo 1953.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus neeg tsim khoom tau koom nrog "kev ua koob tsheej ntawm kev tsim" ntawm lawv tus kheej lub siab nyiam. Ministry of Internal Affairs tau raug xaiv los ua lub luag haujlwm, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 14, 1949, Tsimlyansk ceg ntawm Gulag tau tsim. Txawm hais tias kev tsim kho ntawm Tsimlyanskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau zoo heev, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug kaw koom nrog hauv av ua haujlwm tau txog 47 txhiab. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau tshaj 103,000 tus neeg hla dhau lub yeej. Txog thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1949, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg German raug ntes tau siv dav hauv qhov chaw tsim kho.

Xyoo 1948, kev npaj ua haujlwm pib. Qhov no suav nrog kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab vaj tsev nyob, txoj kev, quarries thiab ib ntus diesel fais fab nroj tsuag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, theem kawg ntawm kev npaj ntawm Tsimlyansk hydroelectric project tau pib, uas tau xaus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej.

Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj Tim 10, 1949, kev tsim kho ntawm lub pas dej da dej thiab lub tsev tsim hluav taws xob tau pib. Tsimlyanskaya HPP loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug impressive pace. Lub txaj ntawm Don raug thaiv thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 23, 1951, thiab twb nyob rau lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1952, lub khob ntim dej tau pib.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo 1952, lub chaw nres tsheb pib tsim hluav taws xob. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 6, kev tshaj tawm ntawm 1 chav dej hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim, thaum Lub Xya Hli 19, 2nd hydrounit tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1953, 3rd thiab 4th hydraulic units tau pib, thaum Lub Xya Hli 22, Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas tau lees paub Tsimlyansk HPP npaj rau kev lag luam. Qhov chaw nres tsheb thaum kawg tau coj mus rau nws lub peev xwm tsim thaum Lub Xya Hli 22, 1954, thaum kawg, 5th chav tsim hluav taws xob.

Tsimlyanskaya HPP photo
Tsimlyanskaya HPP photo

Quick Specs

Tsimlyanskaya HPP,qhov twg lub tshuab chav nrog plaub aggregate blocks nyob, yog ua ke nrog ib tug ntses elevator thiab yog ib tug channel-hom qauv. Niaj hnub no, 4 ntsug hydraulic units nruab nrog rotary-blade turbines raug ntsia rau hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb lub cav chav. Lawv tsav lub tshuab hluav taws xob, 3 qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 52.5 MW thiab 1 lub peev xwm ntawm 50 MW. Ib tug thib tsib 4 MW generator muaj nyob rau hauv tus tsim ntawm lub elevator ntses.

Thaum pib, qhov chaw nres tsheb muaj peev xwm ntawm 164 MW, tsim los ntawm 4 hydraulic units ntawm 40 MW txhua thiab 1 chav tsev nqa ntses. Thaum kawg ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab, uas tau xaus rau xyoo 1981, lub zog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tau nce mus txog 50 MW, thiab tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nce mus rau 204 MW.

Txij xyoo 1997 txog xyoo 2012, thaum lub sijhawm tom ntej ntawm kev tsim kho dua tshiab, cov chav dej tsis siv neeg siv ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tau hloov tag nrho nrog cov tshiab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov chaw nres tsheb lub peev xwm tau nce ntxiv, thiab tam sim no Tsimlyanskaya HPP muab 211.5 MW hluav taws xob rau cov neeg sib cuag ntawm lub qhib switchgear. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau xyoo no, cov rooj vag ntawm qhov dej ntws ntws tau hloov pauv.

Tsimlyanskaya HPS contacts
Tsimlyanskaya HPS contacts

chaw nres tsheb Hydroelectric

Ua ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob qis-ntawm-dej dej siv hluav taws xob, Tsimlyanskaya HPP muaj qib 1 ntawm peev. Lub tsev ntawm lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab pem hauv ntej ntawm HPP hydroelectric complex. Lub chaw nres tsheb lub pas dej tau hla ntawm txoj kev thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau.

Ntxiv rau qhov chaw nres tsheb tsim nws tus kheej nrog lub elevator ntses, Tsimlyansky hydroelectric complex suav nrog:

  • ob lub pas dej hauv av sab laug, 12 thiab 25 meters siab;
  • right-bank alluvialav dam, siab 35 m;
  • pob zeb spillway dam, siab 43.6 meters;
  • ob lub thawv xa khoom nrog qhov chaw tawm, ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm lawv thiab ib qho chaw qis qis;
  • Lub taub hau ntawm Don Main Canal;
  • Tsimlyansk reservoir, 360 km ntev thiab 40 km dav, nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 31 meters.

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Tsimlyansk hydroelectric complex, 29.5 lab cubic meters ntawm cov av mos thiab 869 txhiab cubic meters ntawm pob zeb av tau khawb, 46.6 lab cubic meters ntawm cov av mos thiab 910 txhiab cubic meters ntawm pob zeb tau nchuav. 1,908,000 cubic meters ntawm pob zeb tau muab tso rau hauv cov chaw ntawm Tsimlyanskaya HPP, thiab 21,000 tons ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov qauv hlau raug teeb tsa.

kev lag luam tseem ceeb

Ntxiv rau kev tsim hluav taws xob pheej yig dua, Tsimlyansk hydropower plant muab kev taw qhia tsis tu ncua thiab navigable qhov tob hauv qhov qis dua ntawm Don. Lub reservoir, tsim rau ntawm ib qho teeb meem ntawm tus dej nrog rifts thiab dej ntiav, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rau loj-tswj nkoj hla.

Lub Tsimlyansk reservoir pub ntau qhov chaw nuv ntses, cov kwj dej thiab cov kab ke, muab dej rau kev cog qoob loo ntau dua 750 txhiab hectares ntawm thaj av ua liaj ua teb, muab dej haus rau kwv yees li 200 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv nroog, thiab muab cov dej haus. mus rau Rostov NPP.

Cov dams ntawm Tsimlyanskaya HPP tiv thaiv thaj av ua liaj ua teb thiab thaj chaw los ntawm dej nyab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Lub reservoir ntawm Tsimlyansk hydroelectric power station yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev nuv ntses; txog li 6,000 tons ntawm cov ntses muaj txiaj ntsig raug ntes tau ntawm no txhua xyoo.

Tsimlyanskaya hydroelectric power station qhov twg nyob
Tsimlyanskaya hydroelectric power station qhov twg nyob

Environmental impacts

Thaum sau lub pas dej Tsimlyansk, 263.5 txhiab hectares ntawm thaj av, 164 qhov chaw me me thiab ib feem ntawm lub nroog Kalach-on-Don mus hauv qab dej. Nws xav tau kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau ntu ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev sib txuas lus, nrog rau qhov xav tau los tsim tus choj Chirsky hla tus dej Don River. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm dej nyab, qhov chaw qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Sarkel fortress, NW nyuam qhuav tshawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, kuj ploj mus.

Kev tsim kho ntawm Tsimlyanskaya HPP ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov ntses kom ncav cuag qhov chaw spawning, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev tsim cov ntses ntawm Don thiab Hiav Txwv Azov.

Cov tsos ntawm Tsimlyansk reservoir ua rau muaj kev nce hauv evaporation poob, uas txo cov dej ntws mus rau Hiav Txwv Azov thiab ua rau muaj kev nce hauv nws cov ntsev.

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