Methyl bromide: khoom, ntau lawm, hom phiaj thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Methyl bromide yog ib qho fumigant siv tawm tsam ntau yam kab tsuag xws li kab laug sab, mites, fungi, nroj tsuag, kab thiab nas. Taw qhia ua tshuaj tua kab hauv xyoo 1932. Methyl bromide fumigation yog siv los fumigate cov khoom ua liaj ua teb, nplej silos, mills, nkoj, khaub ncaws, rooj tog zaum thiab tsev cog khoom.

Lub cev muaj zog

Methyl bromide yog cov roj tsis muaj xim lossis cov kua dej tsis haum uas feem ntau tsis muaj ntxhiab. Nyob rau hauv siab concentration, nws yuav tsw zoo li chloroform. Nws tsis yog nplaim taws, tab sis muaj kev phom sij thaum raug hluav taws los yog hluav taws. Thaum nce siab lossis kub qis dua 3 ° C, methyl bromide yuav siv lub xeev ntawm cov roj liquefied. Nws muaj qhov kub ntawm 38.5˚C thiab tsis kub hnyiab hauv huab cua. Muaj chloropicrin.

Reaction to other substances

Methyl bromide ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj heev thaum ua ke nrog txhuas, magnesium lossis zinc. Kev tawg qeeb tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj dimethyl sulfoxide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog tshwm sim thaum sib xyaw nrog cov muaj zog oxidizers lossis ethylene oxide. Kev siv ethyl bromide tam sim no tab tom raug txiav tawm vim nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov txheej txheem ozone deplete.

Keeb Kwm

Tshuaj ntsuab thiab hluavtaws. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm methyl bromide nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig yog dej hiav txwv, biomass burning thiab fumigation siv. Rau kev lag luam kev ua liaj ua teb, nws yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm methanol nrog hydrogen bromide.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas?

Gas puv cov huab cua hauv qhov chaw kaw, nkag mus rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov hws hauv av. Kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev xav tau thiab kev pom zoo ntawm methyl bromide.

khoom

Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, theem ntawm cov roj no tsawg dua 0.025 qhov chaw ntawm ib billion (ppd). Cov cheeb tsam muaj kev lag luam muaj qib siab dua vim muaj emissions los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas fumigate hauv tsev thiab teb tuaj yeem raug cov tshuaj methyl bromide siab yog tias tsis ua raws li kev nyab xeeb.

Cov ntsiab lus roj tsis tseem ceeb pom hauv cov dej haus. Qee cov methyl bromide yog tsim los ntawm dej hiav txwv algae.

Siv

Gas yog cov tshuaj tua kab dav dav uas siv rau hauv av fumigation, kev lag luam lossis kev cais tawm thiab kev ua haujlwm fumigation. Nws kuj yog ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lwm cov tshuaj.

Hauv xyoo 2000, 71,500 tons ntawm hluavtaws methyl bromide tau siv txhua xyoo thoob ntiaj teb. Txog 97% yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm fumigation, 3% yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm lwm yam khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, 75% ntawm kev siv yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim. Asia thiab Middle East ua ke siv 24%. Latin America thiab Africa tau qis tshaj qhov feem pua ntawm 9%.

YMethyl bromide siv

Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam loj-loj monoculture noob ntau lawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob kis kab mob ntawm cov qoob loo nrog cov noob ntawm tib hom tab sis ntawm ntau hom. Yog li ntawd, xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tuaj yeem siv. Hauv qhov no, kev kho methyl bromide muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab siv tau zoo dua li lwm cov av sterilizers.

Yav dhau los, cov fumigant no tau siv los ua tus neeg ua haujlwm txias hauv cov tua hluav taws. Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lwm yam tshuaj.

Methyl bromide yog siv los npaj cov chav golf. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb siv nws los ua av kom tua cov nematodes, fungi thiab nroj tsuag.

Rau av fumigation, methyl bromide yog txhaj ncaj qha rau hauv av, uas yog ces npog nrog tarps. Lub tarp yog kaw, khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw rau ob peb hnub, thiab ces muab tshem tawm. Qhov fumigation no txhim kho cov qoob loo zoo thiab ua kom cov qoob loo nce ntxiv.

Cov qoob loo loj hlob ntawm cov av cultivated yog peppers, strawberries, txiv lws suav thiabgrapes.

Kev nqus tau rau cov nas ua rau tsis zoo rau cov neeg laus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob rau yav tom ntej, tiv thaiv kev yug me nyuam.

Fumigation ntawm cov khoom

Methyl bromide yog dav siv rau fumigation ntawm cov khoom tom qab sau qoob loo xws li nplej, cereals, txuj lom, txiv ntseej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav. Txoj kev kho no yuav pab tshem tawm cov kab tsuag. Fumigation yog ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov chav uas cov khoom raug khaws cia. Kev lag luam fumigation feem ntau suav nrog kev siv cov khoom tsim tshwj xeeb thiab teeb tsa rau hauv cov methyl bromide tso tawm.

Tom qab ua tiav, cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv ua pa uas siv lub tshuab ua pa kom txog thaum cov roj concentration nce mus txog qib kev nyab xeeb. Lwm hom fumigation ntawm cov khoom lag luam suav nrog kev sib khi cov khoom lag luam hauv qab tarp, ua raws li kev qhia ntawm methyl bromide. Kev ua pa yog ua tom qab tshem tawm cov tarp.

Fumigation ntawm thaj chaw

Txhua hom kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw nyob tuaj yeem kho nrog methyl bromide los tswj thiab tua kab tsuag. Lawv tau them nrog "lub tsev pheeb suab" lossis tarpaulin uas muaj roj. Tom qab ib lub sijhawm, cov khoom raug tshem tawm. Cov chav tau ua kom cua nkag mus kom txog thaum cov concentration ntawm methyl bromide nce mus txog qib qub.

Nyob nyab xeeb

Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm nrog roj yuav tsum paub txog nws qhov kev phom sij thiab tau kawm txog kev siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej. Cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab lwm tus neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsamfumigation yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Yog tias qhov concentration ntawm methyl bromide hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm tshaj li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb tsim, ces txhua tus neeg hauv thaj chaw fumigated yuav tsum hnav lub tshuab ua pa ntawm tus kheej.

Cov paib ceeb toom yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm txhua qhov nkag mus rau thaj chaw no. Tsis muaj leej twg raug tso cai rau hauv qhov chaw yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej. Cov tib neeg nyob ze rau thaj chaw fumigated, tsev cog khoom, thiab cov chaw yuav tsis zoo li yuav raug cuam tshuam rau cov qib tsis zoo ntawm methyl bromide vim muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv thiab kev tawg sai sai ntawm cov pa hauv huab cua.

Kev phom sij rau tib neeg

Lub sijhawm no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm paub meej txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov tshuaj lom methyl bromide rau tib neeg. Kev nqus pa ntawm cov roj ntau ntau tuaj yeem ua rau pulmonary edema thiab ua tsis taus pa ua haujlwm. Kev nqus pa ntawm methyl bromide feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub paj hlwb. Cov no tuaj yeem yog:

• mob taub hau thiab kiv taub hau;
• fainting, apathy thiab qaug zog;
• tsis meej pem thiab hais lus tsis meej;
• visual effects;

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• nyob rau hauv qhov mob hnyav, ua npaws thiab tuag tes tuag taw tau.

Cov roj ua rau lub qhov muag, tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub ntsws sab sauv. Tej zaum yuav ua rau khaus, liab thiab hlwv. Qee qhov xwm txheej, lub raum thiab lub siab puas tsuaj tau pom.