BMP-2: specifications, device, armament, chaw tsim tshuaj paus

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

BMP-2 yog lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua infantry tsim thiab tsim nyob rau hauv USSR xyoo 1977. Niaj hnub no, BMP-2 tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog ntawm Russia thiab lwm lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb.

Qhov twg thiab thaum twg BPM-2 tsim thiab tsim? Nws armed nrog dab tsi? Puas yog lub tshuab tsim nyob rau hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th puas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub no? Yuav ua li cas hloov thiab hloov kho tshiab tau npaj rau lub tsheb tub rog sib ntaus sib tua

Nws tau tsim thiab tsim li cas

BPM-2 tshwm sim ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho ntawm BMP-1. Thaum tsov rog hauv Afghanistan, nws tau pom tseeb tias BMP-1 tsis tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub no. Kurgan Machine-Building Plant, pib xyoo 1974, pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv yooj yim. BMP yuav tsum tau rov nruab, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, suav nrog kev tawm tsam nuclear. Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant kuj tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov kho, tus qauv hu ua khoom 675.

Vim li ntawd, lub tsheb tau txais qhov loj duapej thuam, tau hloov thiab muaj riam phom niaj hnub ntxiv. Qhov txawv ntawm JSC "Kurganmashzavod" yog coj los ua lub hauv paus. BMP-2 pib hnyav los ntawm 13.8 tons mus rau 14 tons, uas yog tag nrho ton ntau dua BMP-1.

Ntawm lub rooj sib txoos hauv Moscow xyoo 1982, BMP-2 tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem. Nws tau tshwm sim ntawm Red Square ntawm lub peev thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis.

Armament BMP-2

Lub 30mm cannon yog suav tias yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam yooj yim. Nws yog mounted nyob rau hauv ib tug pej thuam uas yuav tig tau dawb do. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj 7.62 mm PKT tshuab rab phom, uas yog ua ke nrog ib tug cannon. BMP-2 turret yog dav dua li BMP-1, tus thawj coj thiab cov neeg tua phom nyob ntawm no. Lub 9P135M launcher (9P135M-1) muab tso rau saum lub turret.

Cov phom me me-caliber tsis siv neeg rab phom 30 mm tau tsim los ntawm A. G. Shipunov, V. P. Gryazev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsheb tau nruab nrog RPG-7 grenade launcher, uas muaj 5 PG-7V grenades. Cov tub rog tub rog tseem muaj riam phom, suav nrog 2 rab phom tshuab, 6 rab phom tshuab, 12 F-1 grenades. Cov mos txwv suav nrog. Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv: 2 lub tshuab tiv thaiv dav hlau 9K34, lossis ib qho thiab RPG-7.

BMP-2 tuaj yeem tsoo nyoob hoom qav taub, tso tsheb hlau luam, cov neeg ua yeeb ncuab, rhuav tshem ntau yam qauv.

Cav, undercarriage BMP-2

BMP-2's khiav iav zoo ib yam li BMP-1's. Lub tshuab muaj peev xwm ceev ntawm 65 km / h ntawm asph alt, 40-45 km / h ntawm av lossis lwm qhov chaw rugged.

BMP-2 kov yeej dej obstacles ntawm qhov ceev tsis pub tshaj 7km/h Thaum ua kev sib ntaus sib tua, qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws yuav tsum tau kov yeej cov dej thaiv nrog lub zog tam sim no. BMP-2 tuaj yeem nce 35 °.

BMP-2 muaj rau-lub tog raj kheej plaub-stroke diesel cav UTD-20S1.

Muab BMP-2 camouflage

Lub tshuab yog nruab nrog camouflage. Cov no yog 6 902V Tucha grenade launchers, uas yog nruab nrog tshwj xeeb 81-mm pa taws plhaub. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov grenades, camouflage yog muab rau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 200-300 square meters. Thawj cov cav tov ntawm cov khoom 675 tsis muaj grenade launchers los tsim cov pa luam yeeb tshuaj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, BMP-2 muaj TDA cov cuab yeej siv tau ntau zaus. Nrog kev pab los ntawm xws li thermal tiv thaiv cov pa luam yeeb, nws muaj peev xwm muab ib lub vojvoog npog ntawm 100-150 m. Cov cuab yeej yog pib siv lub toggle hloov nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb-mechanic. TDA ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm atomization ntawm diesel roj. Yog li ntawd, qhov ceev ntawm BMP pa luam yeeb tshuaj ntsuam yuav nyob ntawm seb lub cav sov npaum li cas.

Booking BMP-2

Lub cev ntawm lub tshuab yog welded, rau nws siv tshwj xeeb dov los xij ntawm armor steel yog siv. Cov ntaub thaiv npog muaj qhov sib txawv thicknesses, uas tiv thaiv lub tsheb, ua rau nws muaj zog thiab nruj. Lub cev ntawm BMP ntawm thawj thiab thib ob qauv tsis txawv ntau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus pej thuam. BMP-2 muaj lub turret loj dua uas haum 2 tus neeg.

Hnub no, cov yam ntxwv ntawm BMP-2 suav tias yog qhov tsis txaus, tshwj xeeb yog hais txog kev tiv thaiv, txij li thaumNATO lub teb chaws muaj riam phom phom uas muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub tsheb no. Nws cov cuab yeej tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov ncaj qha los ntawm rab phom tshuab 12.7mm.

Cov ris tsho pem hauv ntej ntawm BMP-2 yog 19 hli tuab. Kev ntaus los ntawm 122-mm plhaub tuaj yeem ua rau tuag ntawm lub tsheb thiab cov neeg coob. Lub Shmel flamethrower muaj peev xwm ua rau BMP-2 hlawv tawm. Yog tias muaj qhov tawg ntawm lub mine, av mines, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg coob yuav tuag.

BMP-2 crew

Lub tsheb tub rog sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsum muaj 10 tus neeg. Peb cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tseem ceeb: tus thawj coj, tus tsav tsheb, tus neeg tsav tsheb-tus neeg tua phom. Cov neeg coob muaj xya tus neeg tua phom tua phom uas koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tua los ntawm lawv cov riam phom ntawm kev txav mus los, siv BMP-2 qhov khoob.

Nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub tsheb muaj qhov chaw rau tus neeg tsav tsheb-tus kws kho tsheb. Hauv qab yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm tus tua.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia cov yam ntxwv ntawm BMP-2, raws li qhov, tsis zoo li BMP-1, lub tsheb no muaj lub zog ntau dua. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog tus thawj coj thiab tus neeg tua phom yog nyob rau hauv lub turret thiab hauv qab-turret qhov chaw.

Lub chaw tub rog nyob hauv stern ntawm BMP-2. Muaj qhov chaw rau 6 tus neeg tua phom ntawm no. Muaj ob lub qhov rooj rau kev thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm cov neeg coob ntawm cov neeg tua phom. Nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lub hull muaj 2 lub kaus mom uas ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• rau kev tua ntawm huab cua lub hom phiaj;
• rau kev saib xyuas ntawm ib puag ncig;
• rau kev khiav tawm;
• tawm yog xav tau thaum tsiv dej.

Chaw rau tsaws nruab nrog 2 lub roj teebroj teeb, cua sov system, R-126 xov tooj cua chaw nres tsheb.

Tiv thaiv cov neeg coob BMP-2 los ntawm hluav taws xob

Tiv thaiv cov neeg uas nyob hauv BMP-2, siv ntau txoj hauv kev. Nyob rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub hull nyob rau hauv lub tsaws compartment, nyob rau hauv lub hatch npog, ib ob sab yog ntsia rau sab hauv.

Txhua qhov chaw uas cov neeg coob nyob tau muab nrog lub kaw lus kaw. Qhov no txuag tau los ntawm cov hmoov av radioactive, cov kab mob, cov tshuaj lom. Yog tias tsim nyog, huab cua huv huv yuav muab rau ntawm no; rau qhov no, muaj chav lim cua cua. Lub tshuab yog nruab nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab hluav taws xob tshawb nrhiav. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tuaj yeem pib tau los yog manually.

BMP-2 yog nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tua hluav taws, uas yog tsim los siv ob qho tib si. Cov no yog 2 lub tog raj kheej nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg "Freon" 114V2. Lub tsheb muaj 4 sensors. Tsis tas li ntawd, tseem muaj phau ntawv phau ntawv carbon dioxide tua hluav taws OU-2.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm BMP-2 nrog Bakhcha-2 module

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom lag luam, BMP-2 tau hloov kho dua tshiab. Txog tam sim no, lub tshuab tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog Lavxias, yog li yuav tsum tau txhim kho.

Nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tau los ua ib qho tsim nyog los hloov kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm BMP-2. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob xav tau los ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub no. Lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm lub nroog Tula tau thov kom tshem tawm tus qauv turret los ntawm BMP-2 thiab nruab Bakhcha-U module hauv nws qhov chaw.

"Bakhma-U" muaj ib lub thoob, foob pob hluav taws. Tag nrho cov khoom ntawm riam phom txuas nrog rau hauv ib chav tsev. Nws suav nrog 10mm mount2a70 ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, PKT tshuab rab phom tau ntxiv. "Bakhcha-U" muaj 30-mm tsis siv neeg cannon, uas yog nruab nrog 34 plhaub, 4 missiles ntawm 9K116 "Kastet" cov khoom siv.

Lub turret hloov kho tam sim no tig tau tag nrho. Txhim kho qhov pom rau tus thawj coj thiab tus neeg tua phom. Nws tau dhau los ua yooj yim los tswj cov riam phom, ib qho kev siv lub tshuab siv.

Vim li ntawd, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm BMP-2 tso cai rau koj tawm tsam cov khoom ntawm qhov deb ntawm 4 km. Qhov chaw tua hluav taws tau nce mus rau 5 km. Ua tsaug rau cov foob pob tawg tawg ntau heev, nws tau dhau los ua tus yeeb ncuab ntau zog thiab lwm yam khoom.

Modernization coj mus rau lwm yam kev hloov pauv. Tus pej thuam tshiab "Bakhcha-U" muaj qhov hnyav txog li 3,98 tons. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub tshuab ua hnyav heev uas nws poob nws cov buoyancy. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg coob yuav tsum tau txo los ntawm 2 paratroopers.

Ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm BMP-2M tau koom nrog hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog, tab sis ntau qhov kev txiav txim tsis tau txais. Cov tub rog Lavxias siv tus qauv BMP-2 yooj yim dua.

Tsis siv neeg grenade launcher rau BMP-2

Nyob rau hauv lub 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tau los ua qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj zog ntawm BMP-2. Nws yog tsim nyog los ua kom tus yeeb ncuab manpower ntaus. Rau cov hom phiaj no, nws tau thov kom nruab AG-17 "Nplaim" grenade launcher ntawm BMP-2. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau remake lub hauv paus qauv. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nruab lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab ntawm ib qho BMP.

Thaum pib ntawm lub 90s, niaj hnub versions ntawm BMP-2 nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Lub Kurgan Machine-Building Plant tau tsim ntau lub kaum os niaj hnub ua qauv. Yav tom ntej, cov tshuab no tsis raug tsim tawm lawm.

BMP-2 nrog hloov kho Berezhok

Nyob rau xyoo 90s, lwm qhov kev xaiv rau kev txhim kho cov tsheb tub rog sib ntaus sib tua tau raug npaj. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau thov B05Ya01 "Berezhok". Xws li ib tug niaj hnub version los ua lub npe hu ua BMP-2M. Tom qab nws tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov cuab yeej ua tub rog, nws pib muag rau ntau lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Tus tshiab BMP-2 turret zoo li lub hauv paus qauv. Lub tsheb tau nruab nrog 2A42 tsis siv neeg rab phom, phom tshuab PKTM, thiab AG grenade launcher. Cov missiles coj ntawm Kornet complex tau teeb tsa. Tsis tas li ntawd, BMP-2M kev sib ntaus sib tua complex tau nce.

Vim li ntawd, BMP-2 muaj peev xwm ua kom puas lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb ntawm 8-10 km. Txhim kho aiming pab kiag li lawm rau qhov pom ntawm tus thawj coj, gunner-operator.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas BO5Ya01 "Berezhok" hnyav tsis ntau tshaj 3,250 tons, uas yog, tus pej thuam tsis tau nce qhov hnyav ntawm tus qauv qub. Yog li, BMP-2M tsis yog qhov qis dua hauv buoyancy thiab tsav kev ua tau zoo rau BMP-2.

Lwm yam kev hloov kho tshiab

Dhau li ntawm, ob peb qhov kev hloov kho ntawm cov qauv hauv paus paub. BMP-2K suav hais tias yog lub tsheb hais kom ua nrog cov kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub ntxiv. Muaj nyob rau hauv me me.

Rau kev ua tub rog hauv Afghanistan, BMP-2D, zoo dua hu ua "Afghan version", yog qhov tsim nyog dua. Cov kev hloov kho tshiab tau thov los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv hauv xyoo 1981. Lub hauv paus qauv muaj cov cuab yeej ntxiv, uas ua rau qhov hnyav thiab lub tsheb nres ntab.

Kev koom tes ntawm BMP-2 hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog

Kev sib twlub tsheb tub rog tsis tu ncua tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Middle East, Africa, ntawm thaj chaw qub USSR.

Thaum tsov rog hauv Afghanistan, uas tau tshwm sim xyoo 1979-1989, cov yam ntxwv ntawm BMP-2 tau sim, uas tau sim hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag. Yog li xyoo 1982, cov tshuab tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog cov tub rog Soviet hauv Afghanistan. Tus lej loj tshaj ntawm kev poob ntawm hom kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tsheb tub rog no tau rov qab los rau lub sijhawm no.

BMP-2 tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog ntawm thaj chaw qub USSR. Cov no yog tsov rog hauv Abkhazia, Tajikistan, South Ossetia. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm 2014-2016. riam phom tsis sib haum xeeb tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ukraine. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm BMP-2 ua rau nws siv tau lub tsheb nyob rau hauv txawv tej yam kev mob thiab struts. Thaum thawj zaug thiab thib ob Chechen ua tsov ua rog, cov tshuab no tau siv zog. Kev poob ntawm cov cuab yeej ua tub rog hauv kev sib tsoo tub rog no tseem ceeb heev.

Hauv Africa thiab Middle East, BMP-2 tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub tebchaws. Lub tshuab tau koom nrog kev ua tsov rog hauv Persian Gulf, hauv Angola, hauv Syria, Yemen, hauv Iraq Tsov Rog thiab lwm yam teeb meem loj.

Yog li, BMP-2 tau siv nyob rau hauv 16 ntawm kev sib tsoo tub rog loj tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 20th thiab thaum ntxov 21st centuries.

BMP-2 hauv kev pabcuam nrog txawv teb chaws

Txij thaum pib ntawm kev tsim cov BMP-2, ntau lub tebchaws tau pom muaj kev txaus siab rau hom riam phom no. Tam sim no lub tsheb yog nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog 35 lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub hauv paus qauv yog tsim nyob rau hauv Czechoslovakia, Is Nrias teb, Finland.

BMP-2 yog nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws ntawm yav dhau los USSR, xws lixws li: Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, Ossetia.

Feem ntau ntawm txhua lub tsheb tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho yog ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog ntawm Syria (kwv yees 2450 units), Is Nrias teb (980 units), Iran (400 units).

Ntawm 100 txog 300 lub tsheb tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog ntawm Algeria, Nyab Laj, Angola, Yemen, Czech koom pheej, Finland.

Tsawg dua 100 units muaj nyob hauv cov tub rog ntawm Sri Lanka, Uganda, Sudan, Kuwait, Jordan, Indonesia, Slovakia, Macedonia.

Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias BMP-2 yog lub tshuab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov analogues. Qhov zoo yog qhov yooj yim, kev ntseeg tau, tsis muaj kev cia siab thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo.

Monuments BMP-2

Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog muaj ob peb monuments. OJSC "Kurganmashzavod" muaj lawv, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Belovo, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Simferopol, nyob rau hauv lub Naro-Fominsk koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow.

Hnub no, kwv yees li 3.5 txhiab BMP-2 tau ua haujlwm hauv cov tub rog Lavxias. Tsis tas li ntawd, 1.5 txhiab nyob hauv lub xeev mothballed. Txog 16 BMP-2Ms nrog cov cav tshiab thiab cov turrets yuav tsum nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog cov tub rog yav tom ntej. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb pom tias txawm tias nws muaj hnub nyoog, BMP-2 tsis tso tseg tsis muaj koob meej, thiab tsis yog hauv Russia xwb.