Yuav ua li cas nyeem cov qib steel

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Thaum, hais txog tus kheej zoo ntawm tus neeg, lawv siv lub epithet "steel", lawv txhais tau tias tus cwj pwm tsis yooj yim, lub siab nyiam lossis tuav tsis tau yooj yim. Hlau tau tsim los ua kom ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, cov cuab yeej, riam phom. Tam sim no cov hlau no yog qhov tseem ceeb.

steel yog dab tsi, thiab nws txawv ntawm hlau li cas? Lub ntsiab sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv impurities, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog carbon. Txhawm rau muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov hlau no, lwm cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov hlau.

Cov qib steel tib yam raug xaiv los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws. Hmoov tsis zoo, tseem tsis tau muaj tus lej sib npaug ntawm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb no.

Thoob plaws hauv thaj chaw ntawm yav dhau los Soviet Union, nrog rau kev zam ntawm B altic lub teb chaws, cov lej lej raug siv raws li GOSTs dhau los. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qib steel no yooj yim heev thiab nkag siab, tus lej txhais tau tias feem pua ntawm impurities, thiab tsab ntawv txhais tau tias cov tshuaj lom neeg.

Cov qib hlau yooj yim, uas tsuas muaj cov hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide, hu ua structural. Lawv raug xaiv yooj yim, Art. 2, piv txwv li. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws muaj 0.2% carbon.

Quality unalloyed steelmuaj cov coding zoo sib xws, tab sis feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tshwm sim hauv ob tus lej, piv txwv li Art.08.

Yog tias cov hlau yog npaj rau kev tsim cov hlab ntsha uas yuav ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv siab, ces cov kev cai rau nws yog tshwj xeeb. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv zoo steel, qhov feem pua yog qhia nyob rau hauv ob tug lej, tab sis tsab ntawv "K" yog ntxiv nyob rau hauv kawg (piv txwv li - St.12K).

Ntau qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm metallurgical tau muab faib ua pawg - cov cuab yeej, kev tsim kho, stainless thiab lwm yam. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej cov cim cim, tab sis qhov sib xws yog tsab ntawv tsim cov ntsiab lus alloying, xws li npib tsib xee (H), chromium (X), tooj liab (D), tungsten (B), manganese (G), molybdenum (M.), silicon (C), cob alt (K).

Txoj kev ntawm deoxidation kuj tshwm sim hauv coding ntawm qib steel. Yog li, "ceev" yog txhais los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv SP, "semi-calm" - PS, thiab "boiling" - KP.

Alloyed steel qib muaj lub npe ntev dua uas suav nrog ob tus tsiaj ntawv thiab tus lej. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum cov ntsiab lus impurity tsawg dua li ib thiab ib nrab feem pua, cov duab tsis muab tso rau. Yog li, txoj cai 10 X2 M-Sh yuav txhais tau tias cov hlau muaj 0.1% carbon, 0.2% chromium thiab tsawg dua 1.5% molybdenum. Kuj tseem muaj tsab ntawv "Sh", nws qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tsawg ntawm phosphate. Yog tias tsis yog nws muaj "A", ces qhov no yuav txhawj txog leej faj. Cov hom no hais txog cov yam ntxwv zoo ntxiv.

Cov qauv cam hlau yog sau los ntawm tsab ntawv "L" tom kawg.

Cov qauv tsim yuav tsum muaj hlau tsawgfluidity, nws yog reflected los ntawm tsab ntawv "C", sawv pem hauv ntej. Tsab ntawv nyob tom qab qhia txog cov khoom ntxiv (T rau kev ua kom sov, K rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion).

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qib hlau tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej yog tsim los ntawm tsab ntawv "U", ua raws li ob tus lej feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon, piv txwv li U8.

Tseem muaj cov hlau tsis huv. Qib zoo li 08X18H10T zoo li lub cipher nyuaj, tab sis qhov tseeb, tib txoj cai siv ntawm no rau cov khoom siv hlau alloyed. Qhov no tsis siv rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thaum cov ntawv raug muab tso rau hauv kev hwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas thawj smelted hlau nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb.