Hloov npib: keeb kwm, lub ntsiab lus, niaj hnub. Me me pauv npib los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Hloov cov nyiaj npib yuav tsum tau nyob hauv ib lub xeev, hauv txhua lub nroog uas them nyiaj nruj ntawm tib neeg: rau kev yuav khoom noj thiab lwm yam khoom tsim nyog, rau cov kev pabcuam tau txais. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, cov nyiaj me me txawv ntawm ib leeg, nws nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig raug cai.

Hloov npib: lub ntsiab lus niaj hnub

kab lus no peb hu rau cov ntawv nyiaj me me, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib pauv loj dua kev them nyiaj thiab suav qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoom. Cov ntsiab lus no tig ib ncig sai heev thiab hnav tawm heev, lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau tso tawm. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau minted los ntawm cov khoom pheej yig dua li cov hlau muaj nuj nqis. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, lo lus "kev sib cog lus nyiaj npib" yog ze rau cov ntsiab lus no: lub hwj chim ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm kev them nyiaj yog siab dua tus nqi ntawm cov hlau los yog alloy los ntawm cov nyiaj tau los. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm zam tau cov xwm txheej ntawm lawv cov yaj los ntawm cov pejxeem, thiabkuj exports li precious hlau. Hauv txhua lub tebchaws, ib tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cov nyiaj tau los no, vim tias thaum ua ib qho kev yuav khoom, txhua tus xav txuag thiab txuag cov nyiaj tau los. Cia peb kawm seb cov npib hloov me me tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub xeev, suav nrog Russia.

Russian monetary units: keeb kwm

Cov nyiaj hloov pauv thawj zaug uas tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia yog rubo thiab nyiaj, qee qhov tau minted los ntawm tooj liab, lwm tus los ntawm nyiaj. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia, lawv cov khoom tsim tau pib thaum xyoo pua 15th. Sij hawm dhau mus, qhov piv ntawm qhov thib ob rau thawj zaug tau hloov pauv. Muaj keeb kwm qhia tias ib qho nyiaj sib npaug li 60 thiab 72 pulos. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov nyiaj npib tau siv. Lawv txhua tus tau hu ua tus hloov pauv, vim lawv tsuas yog siv rau kev hloov pauv hauv lub tebchaws. Cia peb sau lawv:

• los ntawm cov nyiaj hauv pawg ntawm 20, 15, 10 thiab 5 kopecks;
• ua los ntawm tooj liab hauv denominations ntawm 5, 3, 2 thiab 1 kopeck, nrog rau ib tug nyiaj (ib nrab ib kopeck) thiab ib nrab kopeck (ib quarter ntawm ib kopeck).

Russian me nyiaj hnub no

Russian npib yog pennies. Ploj mus yog hnub ntawm nyiaj thiab kub txhais tau tias ntawm kev them nyiaj. Tam sim no cov ntawv nyiaj ua los ntawm cov hlau denominated nyob rau hauv rubles yog hu ua pauv ntawv (piv txwv li, 1, 2, 5 thiab 10), thiab cov denominated nyob rau hauv kopecks yog hu ua hloov. Cov no suav nrog npib nrog tus nqi nominal ntawm 50, 10, 5 kopecks thiab 1 kopeck. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias 1- thiab 5-kopeck luam tsis tshua pom nyob rau hauv kev. Lub Central Bank ntawm Russia twb tau txais cov lus pom zoo kom tsis txhob muab lawv. Tab sis txog tam sim no qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm qhov pom ntawm txoj cai tam sim no, thiabkoj yuav tsum khaws cov nyiaj npib no los hloov cov hnav, txawm hais tias nws yuav siv 15 thiab 73 kopecks txhua los ua lawv, raws li.

Nyiaj teb chaws United States of America

A US token nyob rau hauv lub siab niaj hnub no yog ib qho kev them nyiaj nrog ib tug denomination tsawg tshaj li ib duas. Cov no suav nrog 50, 25, 10, 5 xees thiab 1 xees. Raws li kev cai lij choj tam sim no ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, cov ntawv nyiaj hlau no raug txiav txim siab hloov pauv, uas:

• pab rau kev sib pauv loj dua;
• minted los ntawm lub xeev (tswj minting tsis pub);
• tawm hauv ntau txaus rau kev lag luam kev pabcuam (qhov no yog kev tiv thaiv kev poob qis hauv qab tus nqi);
• minted tsis yog los ntawm kub, uas yog, los ntawm tus qauv nyiaj txiag ntawm lub teb chaws;
• tsis zoo, uas yog, cov npe teev rau ntawm lawv yog ntau dua li tus nqi ntawm sab hauv.

British npib

Lub teb chaws txiaj ntawm United Kingdom ntawm Great Britain (uas suav nrog Northern Ireland) yog British phaus sterling. Qhov kev ntsuas nyiaj txiag no kuj tseem siv rau ntau lub Isles British (Falkland, Gibr altar, Saint Helena). Chav tsev yog ib lub penny, lub plural yog pence. Qhov hloov me tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Askiv yog ib lub nyiaj npib, tab sis cov ntawv nyiaj ntawm 2 pence, 5 pence, 10 pence thiab 50 pence kuj tau siv hauv kev ncig. Raws li lub jubilee, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntawv luam hauv cov npe ntawm 25 (tso tawm los ntawm 1972 txog 1981) thiab 20 (tsim tawm txij li xyoo 1982) pence. Ua ntej 1992 hloovnyiaj tau minted los ntawm tooj liab, thiab tam sim no lawv yog ua los ntawm hlau thiab them nrog tooj liab. Lawv yog me ntsis thicker dua lawv cov thawj, tab sis txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov hnyav tsis tau hloov. Ntawm cov npib muaj ib daim duab ntawm huab tais - tus huab tais tam sim no.

Yuav siv nyiaj dab tsi hauv qaib ntxhw

Tau kawg, yog tias koj mus ncig, so mus rau lub tebchaws sov, tam sim no yuav luag txhua qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem them nyiaj hauv las lossis euros. Tab sis cia saib seb dab tsi cov ntawv teev nyiaj thiab cov nyiaj them me me tau siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw nyiam Turkish. Lub teb chaws pauv tus nqi txiaj ntawm lub teb chaws yog lira. Qaib ntxhw lub bargaining nti yog lub kurush. Tag nrho cov nyiaj nrog ib tug denomination ntawm tsawg tshaj li 1 lira yog suav tias yog hloov tau, thiab cov no yog 1 kurush, 5, 10, 25 thiab 50 kurush. Txhua lub npib muaj ib daim duab ntawm Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, uas yog suav tias yog leej txiv ntawm lub xeev Turkish secular. Tus nqi pauv ntawm lira tawm tsam duas yog ntab. Nws tuaj yeem sib txawv txog li 5% feem pua thaum nruab hnub, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem hais raws nraim qhov piv txwv yuav nyob rau ib hnub twg.

Currency of Egypt

Lub teb chaws txiaj ntawm lub teb chaws no yog phaus, sib npaug rau 100 piastres. Tsuas yog cov piastres yog ib qho kev sib txuas lus (Tim Nkij teb chaws thiab qee qhov ntawm Sudan siv nws niaj hnub no). Hauv kev ncig muaj cov ntawv nyiaj hauv pawg ntawm 25 thiab 50. Yav dhau los, 5- thiab 10-piaster npib tau siv nrog rau lawv, tab sis tam sim no lawv tsis tshua pom. Cov ntsiab lus khiav tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm cov duab ntawm Cleopatra lossis lub npe minted ntawm lub xeev. Lawv yog ua los ntawm steel thiab ces plated nrog tooj dag. Hauv cov nroog resortsntawm lub teb chaws no, koj tuaj yeem them nyiaj hauv euro lossis las nrog rau piastres.

Yuav ua li cas lawv them hauv Ukraine

Tus txiaj ntawm lub tebchaws no - hryvnia (hauv Ukrainian "hryvnia") - yog sib npaug rau 100 kopecks. Tam sim no cov nyiaj npib hloov ntawm Ukraine yog 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 thiab 50 kopecks. Ib qho kev them nyiaj nrog lub ntsej muag tus nqi ntawm 1 hryvnia twb suav hais tias yog ib yam khoom kawm. Lub txhab nyiaj ntawm 1, 2 kopecks thiab 5 kopecks yog ua los ntawm stainless hlau, thiab cov npe loj dua yog ua los ntawm tooj dag lossis txhuas bronze. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib daim duab ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Ukraine.

Hloov nyiaj siv hauv Scandinavian lub tebchaws

Nov yog lub npe ntawm thaj av nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Tebchaws Europe, uas muaj keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai, suav nrog Norway, Sweden, Denmark thiab Iceland. Qhov no yog ib txwm "sib xyaw", thiab hauv lub neej niaj hnub Finland kuj tau ntxiv rau cov tebchaws no. Tag nrho cov xeev no muaj cov dab neeg txawv txawv thiab zoo sib xws nrog cov txiaj ntsig hauv tebchaws. Cia peb kawm seb cov tebchaws no puas siv nyiaj euro (vim lawv yog ib feem ntawm European Union) lossis muaj lawv tus kheej cov ntawv nyiaj, puas muaj qhov hloov pauv me me hauv Scandinavia?

Sweden thiab Norway

Lub teb chaws txiaj ntawm Sweden yog Swedish krona, sib npaug rau 100 øre. Txawm hais tias lub xeev no yog ib feem ntawm European Union, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws tau tawm tsam qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nyiaj euro rau hauv kev ncig. Tsuas yog cov pej xeem ntawm cov nroog loj siv zog rau qhov no, vim tias muaj cov neeg tuaj ncig coob coob, kev muag khoom thiab cov dav hlau ya dav hlau. 50 ore ua raws li kev sib tham nti, ib qho loj dua yog twb muaj nuj nqis ntawm 1 kroon. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm no me me chav tsev ntawm tus account nyob rau hauvuas nws piav txog peb lub crowns ntawm cov ntawv qub qub thiab cov monogram ntawm King Carl XVI Gustaf ntawm cov tshiab.

Norway kuj muaj nws tus kheej kev ntsuas nyiaj - Norwegian krone, uas yog sib npaug rau 100 øre. Tab sis keeb kwm, tag nrho cov hlau them nyiaj ntawm 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 thiab 50 eras yog tawm ntawm kev ncig niaj hnub no. Qhov kawg 50 ore token raug rho tawm los ntawm kev siv hauv 2012. Yog li peb tuaj yeem hais tias nyob rau hauv Norway tsis muaj cov ntawv hlau hloov pauv, tsuas yog sib tham 1, 5, 10 thiab 20 crowns, nrog rau cov ntawv nyiaj ntawm pawg loj dua. Norway tsis yog ib feem ntawm European Union, yog li tsis muaj kev npaj los qhia txog euro.

Denmark thiab Iceland

Hauv Iceland, Icelandic krone yog siv rau kev sib hais haum. Nws kuj tseem sib npaug rau 100 aire, tab sis lawv tau tawm ntawm kev ncig txawm tias ntxov dua hauv Norway - hauv xyoo 1995. Nyob rau hauv 2002, tsoom fwv ntawm lub teb chaws tau dhau ib txoj cai lij choj, raws li uas, txij li thaum 2003, tsis tau muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv Iceland, thiab lub krone tsis pauv lawm. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv luam hauv cov npe ntawm 1, 5, 10, 50 thiab 100 crowns.

Denmark, txawm hais tias nws yog ib feem ntawm European Union rau 12 xyoo, tam sim no tsis yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub zej zog no. Zoo li tag nrho cov Scandinavian lub teb chaws, nws siv nws tus kheej lub teb chaws txiaj - lub Danish krone, thiab tsis npaj yuav hloov mus rau lub euro, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub referendum nyob rau hauv 2000 qhia. Danish me me pauv npib muaj denominations ntawm 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 thiab 50 öre.

Ntau yam ntawm European banknote designs

Cov neeg European siv hauv txhua qhov kev suav nyiaj euro sib npaug rau 100 xees. Kev tso tawm tam sim nohloov units ntawm 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 thiab 50 xees. Qhov obverses (pem hauv ntej) ntawm cov nyiaj npib ntawm tib lub denomination yog tib yam, tab sis qhov thim rov qab txawv rau cov xeev uas tsim lawv. Nws yog qhov nthuav heev los sau cov ntawv sau ua tiav ntawm cov cim hloov pauv ntawm European Union, vim tias txhua tus ntawm lawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb, muaj cov qauv qub rau ib lub tebchaws. Nws yuav nyuaj kom tau txais cov ntsiab lus nyiaj txiag nkaus xwb los ntawm Vatican thiab Monaco, txij li lawv thaj chaw me me tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom lag luam loj thiab nws cov kev faib tawm dav. Cov nyiaj npib 1, 2 thiab 5 xees yog ua los ntawm tooj liab-plated, thaum lub 10, 20 thiab 50 npib yog ua los ntawm ib tug alloy ntawm tooj liab, zinc, tin thiab txhuas, uas zoo li kub, thiab 20 xees muaj me me notches. ntawm sidewall.

Cia sau qee lub tebchaws thiab cov duab ntawm qhov thim rov qab ntawm lawv cov nyiaj hloov pauv:

• Austria: paj ntawm alpine buckwheat, edelweiss, primrose (alpine primrose), St. Stephen's Cathedral nyob rau hauv Vienna, lub rooj vag loj rau Upper Belvedere nrog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm tub huabtais Eugene ntawm Savoy, Vienna Secession (cim ntawm lub tus choj ntawm cov tshuab nyiaj txiag);
• Belgium: Profile ntawm King Albert II;
• Vatican: duab ntawm Benedict XVI;
• Lub Tebchaws Yelemees: ceg ntoo qhib, Lub Rooj Sib Tham Brandenburg hauv Berlin;
• tim Nkij teb chaws: Athenian trireme, corvette, marine tanker, portrait ntawm Rigas Fereos, portrait ntawm Kapodistrias Ioannis, portrait ntawm Eleftherios Venizelos;
• Ireland: Celtic harp;
• Spain: Cathedral ntawm Saint James hauv Santiago de Compostela, duab ntawm Miguel de Cervantes;
• Cyprus: ob peb mouflons, lub nkoj "Kyrenia" hauv qabsail;
• Luxembourg: profile ntawm Duke Henri ntawm Luxembourg;
• Latvia: me thiab loj cim ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Latvia;
• M alta: Mnajdra lub tuam tsev complex, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub Xeev M alta;
• Monaco: tsev neeg lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab thiab foob ntawm Grimaldi dynasty;
• Netherlands: Profile ntawm Poj huab tais Beatrix;
• Slovakia: Mount Krivan (High Tatras), Bratislava tsev fuabtais;
• Fabkis: Cov duab sib sau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Marianne thiab tus ntxhais tseb noob.

Qhov no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov duab ntawm kev hloov nyiaj los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws. Cov neeg uas nyiam cov numismatics tshwj xeeb yog paub zoo txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus me me npib. Tej zaum koj yuav xav pom tias txhua qhov kev sib txawv no zoo li cas. Mus ntsib cov numismatists 'lub club lossis lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab qhuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov pauv nyiaj npib!