Quantum Internet - nws yog dab tsi, nws ua haujlwm li cas? Qhov zoo. quantum network

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau ua los ntawm European thiab Lavxias cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev txav ntawm quantum thiab cov ntaub ntawv qub tuaj yeem ua tiav nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm tib lub fiber optic cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau nyob rau yav tom ntej rau kev hloov pauv hloov zuj zus los ntawm Is Taws Nem ib txwm, mus rau lub network raws li qhov tsis sib xws ntawm theem pib, quantum Internet network.

Kev nrawm nrawm hauv kev tshawb fawb

Ib kiv puag ncig yog brewing hauv kev lag luam computer. Physicists ntawm University of Pennsylvania tau hais tias cov paib silicon chips yuav ncav cuag lawv qhov txwv hauv plaub xyoos. Nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem txo lawv ntxiv, yog li cov khoos phis tawj zoo tib yam tsis muaj sijhawm nyob ntev.

Lawv yuav raug hloov los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, quantum computers. Hloov cov chips yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws yog qhov ua tau kom txo qis qhov loj me thiab nce kev tsim khoom. Txog tam sim no, cov qauv no tsis nrawm dua li lub khoos phis tawj tsis muaj zog, tab sis nws tsuas yog lub sijhawm xwb. Nyob rau hauv lem, siv lub peev xwm tshaj plaws, nws yuav muaj peev xwm daws tau sai duateeb meem thiab teeb meem hauv kev siv lub hauv paus tshiab, quantum Internet.

Tsis paub ntawm quantum internet

quantum internet ua haujlwm li cas? Dab tsi yog nws thiab nws qhov essence yog dab tsi? Qhov txawv yog tias nws yog raws li txoj cai ntawm quantum mechanics. Nws tau txais kev lees paub los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb raws li qhov chaw kub, edgy uas tuaj yeem siv los piav txog cov xwm txheej tsis nkag siab tag nrho. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov nyhuv photoelectric.

Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm quantum physics hauv kev pabcuam ntawm noob neej

Hnub no yog qhov tseeb: nyob rau hauv peb lub neej yav tom ntej xws li qhov tshwm sim raws li quantum Internet yuav nkag mus. Qhov no tuaj yeem coj peb los yog yuav ua li cas? Tej zaum qhov no yuav yog lwm qhov leap, zoo ib yam li kev taw qhia ntawm semiconductor transistors yav dhau los.

Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog raws li cov cuab yeej ntawm superposition thiab quantum entanglement. Nws tsis muaj qhov tseeb tig, thiab thaum ntsuas ib qho, qhov thib ob qhia qhov txawv. Rau kev nkag siab ntau dua, qhov no txhais tau hais tias txhua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nqa cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tsis pom kev txuas nrog nws cov khub "entangled". Ntxiv mus, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv tsis ua lub luag haujlwm, cov ntaub ntawv raug xa tawm tam sim.

Siv cov cai tsis raug cai no, cov sijhawm zoo qhib rau kev ceev thiab tsis pub lwm tus paub ntawm kev hloov ntaub ntawv. Nws tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau hauv txoj kev no yam tsis tau pom: ib qho kev nyeem ntawv tawm los yog rhuav tshem cov ntaub ntawv qub.

Kev nrawm nrawm dua li qhov xav tau

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv ceev, lawv ua rau peb xav tsis thoob. Nws tshaj qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb los ntawm kaumtxhiab zaus. Tab sis, feem ntau yuav, cov kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav pom tias cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob ceev ntau dua li yav dhau los tau txiav txim siab, xws li quantum Internet. Nws txhais li cas? Qhov no tuaj yeem muab rau peb li cas? Tej zaum qhov kev sib kis ntawm cov teeb liab mus rau yav dhau los tsis xav txog kev ncua deb hauv qhov chaw thiab kev tshawb pom tshiab.

Tshaj tawm tshiab hauv photons

Nyob hauv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev hloov photons rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom, cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau pom kev siv cov khoom siv dag zog, uas yog pob zeb diamonds.

Nws hloov tawm tias thaum lub teeb dhau los ntawm cov muaju, nws tau txais cov cuab yeej ntawm cov kua thiab pib tsim cov tee, vortices, nthwv dej. Nws tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm txhua qhov channel. Feem ntau, nws coj zoo li kua. Xws li nws tuaj yeem kis tau ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm lossis nres.

Qhov no yog qhov nthuav heev ntawm ib sab tes thiab tseem ceeb heev, vim tias nws tso cai rau koj los tswj lub teeb thiab ua txhua yam, suav nrog qhov tshwm sim zoo li quantum Internet network. Qhov no tso cai rau nws siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev hloov ntaub ntawv. Tam sim no nws cov cab kuj tseem ceeb yog tus nqi hluav taws xob. Tab sis nws yog ib qho khoom tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev txav los yog kev nrawm ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob ua rau lub zog poob uas nkag mus rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab ua kom sov lub processor thiab microcircuit ntsiab.

Internet nws tus kheej raug nqi tib neeg ntau dua 5% ntawm lub zog nws tsim. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob nrog photons yuav ua rau kom txo tau qhov poob ntawm lub zog loj. Raws li, tus nqi ntawm Internet nws tus kheejyuav poob.

Quantum Internet hauv Russia

Ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Russia ntawm quantum internet yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias muaj nyiaj tsawg thiab txhua yam teeb meem, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua qhov kev sim txaus thiab ua tiav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no.

Vim li ntawd, peb tau tswj hwm los tsim ib lub koom haum tshwj xeeb, qib siab. Nws muab cov kev sim thiab theoretical pawg nrog rau kev tshawb fawb siv. Lub koom haum no yog nyiaj txiag ib nrab los ntawm Gazprombank, ib feem los ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov piv txwv uas kev tshawb fawb Lavxias yuav tsum ua raws yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau nres.

ncig teb chaws tshiab

Nyob rau theem tam sim no ntawm kev txhim kho quantum Internet, tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev siv quantum cryptography tuaj yeem raug hu ua. Xws li cov tes hauj lwm niaj hnub no yog qhov yooj yim yooj yim taw tes-to-point kev sib txuas. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsom los tsim cov kev daws teeb meem sib koom ua ke uas sib koom ua ke sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem encryption.

Yog tias koj ua raws li kev siv lub tswv yim, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias yuav tseem ceeb dua. Ib qho piv txwv yog ib leeg-photon emitter ntes tau tsim nyob rau ntawm lub koom haum Kurchatov.

Rau qhov muaj qhov kev tshawb pom zoo li quantum Internet, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev sib txuas cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau quantum cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thiab kev sib txuas lus sib txuas uas muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb nyob hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab teeb liab amplification. Yog tias koj xa cov ntaub ntawv quantum-raws li tus qauv kho qhov muag fiber ntau, ces nws yuav tsis dhau los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev daws teeb meem yog tig lub teeb liab mus rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau nws txoj haujlwm qub.

Hnub no qhov txwv yog peb puas kilometers. Qhov no yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rov tsim kho qhov muag teeb liab. Peb kuj xav tau quantum hloov qauv. Tag nrho cov haujlwm uas muaj teeb meem tuaj yeem daws tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub voj voog kev tshawb fawb lawv sib cav txog qhov ua tau ntawm "neeb" quantum Internet. Nws tuaj yeem nqa tau dab tsi thiab nws yuav pab tau li cas? Niaj hnub no tsis muaj lus teb tsis meej, tab sis kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev qhia thiab coj cov thev naus laus zis rau cov pej xeem nruab nrab yuav ua kom nws lub neej zoo thiab nyab xeeb.

Ib tiam tshiab tab tom los

Tuam Tshoj tau teeb tsa qhov kev xav tau niaj hnub no los ua 1200 mais quantum network kis tau tus mob siv satellite.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ib puas kilometers tau mus txog rau lub sijhawm. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim kev tiv thaiv lub teeb liab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua huab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no feem ntau txuas nrog tsis yog teleportation, uas tau nce txhua xyoo, tab sis nrog quantum cryptography, hauv lwm lo lus, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab encryption system.

A quantum code tsis tuaj yeem raug nyiag, ntau dua, thaum nws raug nyiag, cov ntaub ntawv ploj. Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm cyber warfare, qhov no txhais tau tias invulnerability. Quantum cryptography tau ntev tau siv los ntawm cov neeg nrhiav kev lees paubkev ruaj ntseg. Yuav ua li cas, piv txwv li, ob peb xyoos dhau los, Swiss cov tsev txhab nyiaj tau pib pauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm quantum network. Niaj hnub no lawv raug txwv rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob peb kaum kilometers. Lavxias teb sab Quantum Center tab tom npaj los qhia tib lub cev, nrog rau kev paub txog kev sib kis ntawm quantum teeb liab ntawm qhov chaw satellite.

Kev taw qhia thiab kev siv

Meanwhile, thawj quantum Internet network tau pib hauv St. Petersburg ntawm ob lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tebchaws Russia.

Cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus siv cov cai ntawm quantum physics. Cov tuam txhab ntse tshaj plaws thiab tsoomfwv tam sim no tau nqis peev hauv thaj chaw no. Yav tom ntej cov ntaub ntawv hloov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tau siv los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov uas twb muaj lawm. Fiber optic cable, paub lub computer, tab sis ib tug tshiab router thiab photon generator.

Lub neej tshiab hauv Is Taws Nem pib nrog lub laser, qhov chaw ntawm ib qho photons nyob. Lawv muaj cov cuab yeej zoo rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv txoj kev nyab xeeb. Ib qho photon tsis tuaj yeem muab faib. Tus yuam sij yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li kev nyeem ntawv tsis tau. Txhawm rau tig lub photon mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nqa khoom, lub kaw lus hloov nws lub xeev, theem ntawm impulse yoj oscillation. Niaj hnub no, theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm quantum thev naus laus zis yog piv rau qhov kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj ntawm tes zoo li peb caug xyoo dhau los, lwm tsib mus rau kaum xyoo yuav dhau mus thiab photon quanta yuav tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv ruaj ntseg rau peb hauv Internet.

Quantum Internet hauv Kazan

Ib qho quantum Internet network tau pib hauv Tatarstan, nws qhov chaw sim nyob hauv Kazan. Qhov program noyog ib qho tseem ceeb ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm quantum kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv Russia. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nws muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv hacker kiag li.

Hnub no, kev tiv thaiv ntawm peb lub vev xaib Is Taws Nem yog ua raws li encryption ntawm lej algorithms, tab sis txawm tias txoj cai nyuaj tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tawg. Qhov haib dua lub peev xwm ntawm cov neeg nyiag nkas, qhov yooj yim dua thiab sai dua nws yog los laij cov encryption algorithm.

Cov thev naus laus zis tau piav qhia hauv kab lus yuav dhau los ua cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg network tshiab. Quantum Internet hauv Kazan yuav muab tso ua ke rau hauv plaub qhov ntawm qhov deb ntawm 30-40 kilometers ntawm ib leeg. Tus nqi ntawm kev xaiv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus yog kwv yees li ib puas txhiab daus las. Hauv seem kev sim, lub network tau pom quantum internet ceev ntawm 117 kb / s nrog kev ncua deb ntawm ob thiab ib nrab mais. Qhov txiaj ntsig no yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntau dua li hauv European kev sim siab. Nyob rau hauv lub network, qhov kis tau tus nqi ntawm quantum khoom nyob rau hauv lub optical channel yog nees nkaum dB. Qhov no yog sib npaug rau ib puas kilometers ntev kab.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov haujlwm no suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj ntawm Tattelecom infrastructure.

Network yuav txuas lub nroog

Nyob rau xyoo 2017, nws tau npaj los pib ib txoj haujlwm los qhia txog cov cuab yeej tshiab. Quantum Internet hauv Tatarstan yuav tso cai rau kev sib txuas chaw ua haujlwm hauv ntau lub nroog. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Kazan Quantum Center KNITU-KAI thiab nws cov thawj coj. Saib lawv txoj kev vam meej, ib tug ntseeg tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias qhov no yuav ua li cas.