Cargo ruaj ntseg: kev tso kawm nta thiab cov cai rau kev thauj mus los nyab xeeb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev tso chaw tso siab tau thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom thauj yuav xa mus rau qhov chaw kom raug. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm seb qhov luaj li cas, yog tsau rau ntawm lub platforms ntawm lub tsheb raws li tej kev cai raws li txoj cai ntawm cargo tsheb thauj mus los. Yuav ua li cas kom ruaj ntseg cov khoom thauj thiab xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau nws, tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv Ministerial Order No. 7 ntawm kev thauj mus los hauv lub Ib Hlis 2014. Cov kev cai tau dhau los ntawm kev hloov kho, hloov kho, hloov kho thiab hloov pauv hauv lub Peb Hlis 2018.

Txoj cai dab tsi koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua txhaum?

Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom thauj, nws qhov kev nyab xeeb, kev thauj khoom yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua tus neeg koom:

• senders;
• recipients;
• tus neeg nqa khoom.

Thaum cov neeg nqa khoom thauj khoom ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim los raws li cov txheej txheem tsim thiab cov cai, lawv tiv thaiv lub nra ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj thiab tiv thaiv kev raug mob ntawm txoj kev. Yog hais tias lub fastening ntawm lub load tsis txhim khu kev qha, cov qauv yuav poob sib nrug ntawm txoj kev, poob nyob rau hauv lub log ntawm kev thauj mus los raws li txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Tus neeg nqa khoomRaws li kev thov tau txais los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, qhov xwm txheej thiab ntim ntawm cov khoom, nws faib cov tshuab ntawm lawv los ntawm hom thiab kom muaj nuj nqis.

Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau:

• muab lub sijhawm ntawm lub tsheb;
• muab kev pabcuam thauj khoom;
• thauj khoom rau hauv lub tsheb tsim nyog thauj khoom tshwj xeeb;
• ua raws li kev cog lus ua raws li kev cog lus thiab kev huv huv.

Tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem thim tawm ntawm daim ntawv cog lus yog tias tsis ua raws li tag nrho nws cov cai.

Ua ntej, cov neeg koom tsim ib lub tswv yim rau kev ua tiav ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm, qhov twg cov cai thiab cov luag haujlwm raug faib:

• tswj kev ntsuas hais txog lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom;
• khoom tso cai tswj hwm;
• khoom muag;
• siv tsheb dawb;
• kho qhov kev tawm mus thiab tuaj txog ntawm kev thauj.

Cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev xa khoom tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom pom zoo ua ntej: leej twg yuav kuaj xyuas qhov chaw thau khoom, ua kom cov khoom thauj hauv lub cev.

Kev pov thawj ua haujlwm li cas?

Rau lawv txoj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, cov neeg siv khoom tshawb xyuas cov khoom dov nrog rau cov tsheb thauj khoom, ntau hom lub cev rau lawv qhov tsim nyog. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws tuaj yeem tsis kam lees lub tsheb tshwj xeeb yog tias muaj kev ua txhaum cai thiab kev hem thawj ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thauj raug kuaj pom.

Lub tsheb thauj khoom lossis thauj khoom tuaj yeem xa nrog kev npaj:

• sab - ua haujlwm dhau los ntawm sab laug;
• end - loaded thiab unloaded los ntawm lub rearboard;
• oblique - kev nqis tes ua tam sim ntawm 2 txoj hauv kev.

Tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm kev pabcuam ntawm cov txheej txheem, nrog rau lawv lub hom phiaj rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom thauj tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv dov raug xa mus rau qhov chaw thau khoom.

Kev faib cov luag haujlwm nruj

Tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum ua tiav:

• loading lawv cov khoom;
• cov txheej txheem rau kev thauj khoom ruaj ntseg;
• cover thiab khi khoom;
• unload khoom;
• remove mounts, npog.

Kev thauj khoom thiab kev thauj khoom yog ua raws li kev pom zoo los ntawm ob tog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau nqa ncaj qha los ntawm tus xa lub nra.

Cov neeg tsav tsheb raug xaiv los ntawm kev tso cai, lawv tuaj yeem koom nrog cov txheej txheem yooj yim - nqa lossis xa ib lub thawv rau ntawm lub nkoj. Leej twg koom nrog kev thauj khoom thiab kev thauj khoom, nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom tam sim no. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum nyob hauv qhov chaw zoo, thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev nkag mus. Cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev pom zoo ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom kom cov khoom tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem thauj tau, siv lub cable thiab cov saw hlau kom ruaj khov.

Yog tias cov khoom thauj khoom ntau, lawv tsis tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm ob sab, yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tau nce hauv qhov siab tsis tshaj 4 m ntawm txoj kev. Cov khoom raug muab tso rau thiab khi kom tsis txhob ntog thiab rub, qhov no tsis suav nrog kev raug mob rau cov neeg ua haujlwm escort.

Yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg dab tsi?

Ua ntej koj pibKev ruaj ntseg cov khoom thauj thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau kom zoo kom nws tsis tuaj yeem txav mus raws txoj kev. Cov chaw pub dawb yog ntim nrog lub gasket, lub thawv ntim khoom. Hauv lub cev thiab ntim khoom, qhov sib txawv ntawm 15 cm yog tso cai rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov khoom, sab saum toj thiab lub qhov rooj. Cov kev cai uas tau piav qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv No.7 tso cai rau koj siv rau kev ruaj ntseg cov khoom hauv lub tsheb:

• belt;
• ntoo thaiv;
• hlua;
• emphasis;
• slip mat.

Tsis txhob ntsia thawv thawv, lub thawv ntim khoom, siv txoj hauv kev uas yuav ua rau lub tsheb puas lossis cov khoom thauj. Lub fastener yog nyob ze li sai tau rau lub cev pem teb nto thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov chaw tsis pub tshaj 60 degrees. Kev ruaj ntseg yog txhim kho los ntawm kev siv cov hlua khi ntau dua nrog cov kab ntev thiab kev sib hloov.

Ntse

Cov neeg ua haujlwm rau kev xa khoom, thauj khoom thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom hauv qab ntawm lub tsheb coj mus rau hauv tus account:

• hnyav thiab tag nrho cov kev thauj mus los thiab cov khoom ruaj khov;
• kev lees paub ntawm lub tsheb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tsheb thauj mus los hnyav thiab qag loads, tau pom zoo hauv tsoomfwv Tsab Cai No. 272 hauv 2011.

Cov khoom hnyav thiab cov khoom loj tau muab tso rau hauv qab no, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub longitudinal axis ntawm symmetry. Hauv semi-trailers, pib thauj khoom los ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab tshem tawm sab nraub qaum kom tiv thaiv kev hla dhau.

Nuances of xaiv ib txoj kev

nyob ntawm qebthauj khoom siv, cov qauv sib dhos ntawm cov khoom siv rau hauv tus account lawv cov duab, siv txoj kev fastening. Yog tias qhov qis coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam nrog kev thauj khoom thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub tsheb raug txiav txim siab, nws tuaj yeem siv cov hlua thiab cov hlua khi kom ruaj khov. Kev sib txhuam lev, siv sab saum toj, kev txhawb nqa thaiv yuav txhim kho kev sib txhuam. Cov chaw tsim khoom siv qhov txwv kev ua haujlwm rau cov ntsiab lus nrog cov cim tshwj xeeb.

Kev suav yog ua raws li qhov ntsuas qis tshaj plaws hauv txoj siv sia, fastening rings - qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws. Qhov kev txwv siab tshaj plaws yog noj ntawm tus nqi ntawm 50% los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom. Rau kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua, siv cov fasteners ntau dua.

Main method

Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho thiab ruaj ntseg kho cov khoom thauj, khoom siv, tshuab hauv ntau txoj kev. Hauv cov thawv ntim nruab nrab siv tau:

1. Ntxig screed nrog ntoo thiab hlau ncej tiv thaiv cov khoom txav thaum lub tshuab txav, nws tuaj yeem tso cov khoom rau hauv pwm yas.
2. Kho cov ntsiab lus, thaum tsuas yog cov ncej ntoo txuas nrog bolts thiab ntsia hlau.
3. Cov khoom ntim hauv daim ntawv sawdust, lawv sau cov voids lossis strips los tsim cov qauv txhawb nqa, nrog rau cov tshuab niaj hnub siv rau kev sib cais cov khoom, tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm txav ntawm lub tsheb.
4. Tie los tsim ib lub nra hnyav npaj thauj. Rau qhov no, ntim daim kab xev ntawm cov hlau, polypropylene, nylon, ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog tsim nyog. Ribbons fastentsev fuabtais lossis lwm txoj kev yooj yim.
5. Tethering kom txo tau kev txav mus los. Lawv muab cov hlua khi rau kev ruaj ntseg cov khoom thauj, hlua, cable, siv, net.
6. Pneumatic casing rau tib yam khoom - khoom noj, tsev neeg, hluav taws xob. Xws li ib lub mount tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv. Txoj kev no siv tau rau kev thauj mus los ntawm hiav txwv, tsheb ciav hlau, txoj kev.

Ib txoj hlua khi nrog txoj siv sia thiab txoj hlua khi rau kev ruaj ntseg thauj khoom yog ua rau cov qauv loj loj.

Yuav tsum tau rau cov fasteners

Thaum xaiv txoj hlua khi, xav txog:

• size;
• shape;
• zog;
• yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom nqa.

Kho qhov chaw suav nrog qhov chaw:

• gender;
• walls;
• ru tsev.

Cov ntsiab lus txuas dhau los ua:

• partition;
• stand;
• kev txhawb nqa.

Cov qauv tsim yuav tsum muaj zog los tiv thaiv lub zog:

• pem hauv ntej;
• rov;
• sib;
• top.

Kho cov khoom siv suav nrog:

• synthetic ntaub tape;
• cable rau cargo ruaj ntseg;
• hlua khi;
• synthetic hlua;
• block;
• profile;
• mechanical tuav;
• winch.

Yog tias lub fastener nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom thauj, kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj, cov ces kaum ntse yog cais nrog tshwj xeeb clips thiab clamps. Thaum sivntoo nyob rau hauv blocks thiab kab teeb, xaiv hardwoods, qhuav raws li cov qauv. Yuav tsum tsis tuaj hauv cov khoom ntoo:

• rot;
• ncig;
• knots;
• ncig.

Tsuas yog qhov kev suav raug ntawm tus lej ntawm cov fasteners yuav tso cai rau koj thauj cov khoom ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov.

Yuav tsum tau rau cov saw khi-down systems

Txoj hlua khi kho cov khoom ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlua khi thiab khi-down mechanisms.

Included in the system:

• ratchet lanyards;
• ratchets;
• tension levers.

Cov ntsiab lus txawv:

• destination;
• zoo;
• chaw tsim khoom;
• load peev.

Txhua lub caij rau cov saw hlau yog xaiv raws li cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

thaj chaw twg siv?

Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam raug thauj mus rau hauv cov hlua khi:

• khoom siv loj;
• khoom loj;
• technology, khoom tshwj xeeb.

Siv thauj:

• railroad;
• automobile;
• aviation;
• marine.

Kho teeb yog xaiv raws li lub hom phiaj. Coj mus rau hauv tus account hom, saw txoj kab uas hla, load txwv rau txhua yam ntawm ib feem.

Yuav ua li cas cov khoom tiav tiav?

Cov khoom siv hlua khi yog molded raws licov cai:

• hnyav cov khoom kom ruaj ntseg, cov khoom yuav tsum hnyav dua lossis sib npaug ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm uas cov saw hlau tuaj yeem txhawb nqa;
• txhim kho lub tswv yim nrawm - kev txiav txim ntau lawm, tus lej txuas, ntev;
• tag nrho qhov hnyav muab faib los ntawm cov lej ntawm cov teeb tsa, qhov tshwm sim qhia qhov ua haujlwm tsawg kawg nkaus rau lub kaw lus.

Standard chains muaj nyob rau hauv ntev txog 5 m. Txhua qhov kev lees paub tuaj yeem txiav txim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm kev kho cov khoom siv rau kev thauj mus los tsim cov phiaj xwm, kev tswj hwm kev ua kom raug ntawm cov txheej txheem.

Txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev thauj mus los tsis tu ncua

Kho cov khoom thauj hauv txhua hom tsheb yuav tsum tsis txhob maj maj. Kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo rau qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem coj tsis tau tsuas yog teeb meem nyiaj txiag, tab sis teeb meem ntawm lub cev. Feem ntau cov xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm lub cib uas tau tawg los ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, ib qho avalanche ntawm rubble uas tau nchuav rau ntawm txoj kev. Cov cuab yeej kho tsis zoo, cov cuab yeej siv, cov cuab yeej siv tsis tau, uas lub tuam txhab tuav pov hwm yuav tsis kam them cov nyiaj poob, vim tias cov kev tshawb fawb yuav pom cov khoom tsis raug.

Qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub tshuab yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev thauj khoom. Tus neeg tsav tsheb tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub tshuab kom ruaj ntseg yog tias txhua yam hauv lub cev txav mus los. Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais qhia tias feem ntau cov xwm txheej feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev thauj khoom thauj, qhov ua rau cov khoom ntim tsis zoo thiab cov khoom tsis ruaj khov thaum thauj khoom.

tsheb thauj mus los

Yuav kom paub meej tias cov khoom lag luam tau khaws cia, xa mus rau qhov chaw hauvCov xwm txheej zoo, cov khoom thauj dav dav yog faib raws li cov khoom:

• forms;
• sizes;
• nyhav;
• view.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav yuav tsum to taub cov khoom hauv ntim tshwj xeeb lossis tsis muaj. Los ntawm hiav txwv lossis dej hiav txwv tuaj yeem thauj tau:

• khoom siv cuab yeej;
• khoom;
• khoom siv tsim;
• khoom;
• ntoo qauv, boards, cav.

Nyob ntawm qhov chaw, cov khoom thauj mus los ntawm kev npaj:

• tso thiab ruaj khov rau ntawm lub nkoj, ntab nkoj;
• daim ntawv pov hwm, cov ntaub ntawv kev lis kev cai;
• xa mus rau qhov chaw nyob point.

Marine txoj cai hais tias cov khoom yuav tsum yog tus qauv:

• packaged;
• marked;
• nrog cov ntaub nplaum thiab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj.

Cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab, xau. Thaum tau txais, tus accountant piav qhia tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Cov kev ua zoo li no tiv thaiv cov khoom thauj:

• los ntawm offsets;
• explosions;
• hluav taws;
• dej nyab.

Kev thauj mus los yuav raug:

• qauv ntsuas av;
• temperature;
• ventilation.

Pib cov ntaub ntawv, faib los ntawm kev sib raug zoo, pab pawg:

• khaw;
• neutral;
• cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig.

Ntawm nkoj thiab nkoj, tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa khoom. Lawv lees txais thiab xa rov qab ntim raws li cov ntaub ntawv, uas qhia txog qhov chaw nyob thiab tus yam ntxwvcov khoom nta. Kev kho cov pob khoom, tso cov ntim tom qab lawv tau txais ntawm lub nkoj lub platform, yog tswj hwm los ntawm nws cov neeg ua haujlwm. Txij no mus, lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.