Russian microcontrollers: tshuaj xyuas, piav qhia. Microelectronics tuam txhab nyob rau hauv Russia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tshaj li tsib caug xyoo dhau los, rau ntau yam laj thawj, peb lub teb chaws tau poob qab cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws hauv kev lag luam microelectronics rau ntau xyoo: Lavxias teb sab microcontrollers tsis ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Tsis ntev los no, qhov sib txawv no tau nqaim me ntsis, tab sis qhov sib txawv tseem loj. Cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev feem ntau nyiam tsis yog Lavxias teb sab microcontrollers, tab sis cov khoom siv los ntawm tsev neeg x51, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv Microchip, yog tias peb tham txog cov uas tau tsim lawv tus kheej ntev hauv kev ua lag luam. Tseem muaj cov tshiab, tab sis kuj nrov heev: AVR microcontrollers los ntawm Atmel. Pab pawg no yog tus thawj coj tam sim no. Tag nrho lwm yam khoom siv hauv kev ua lag luam tau poob qis. Txawm li cas los xij, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab Lavxias microcontrollers maj mam nce. Thiab ua rau kuv zoo siab heev.

USSR Enterprise

Txog thaum lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR, lub tuam txhab microelectronics ua lag luam nyob rau hauv Russia, tsim kev sib koom ua ke, yog Mikron cog. Tam sim no qhov noLub tuam txhab Lavxias, tsim muaj xyoo 1967, yog ib feem ntawm RTI tuav thiab yog tswv los ntawm AFK Sistema. Thaum pib, Lavxias teb sab microcontrollers ntawm lub tuam txhab no tau tsim los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Molecular Electronics (NIIME).

PJSC Mikron hnub no yog ib pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab. Kev txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub vev xaib raug cai, qhov no kuj suav nrog JSC Svetlana-Poluprovodniki, VZPP-Mikron. Lub tuam txhab muaj cov chaw ua haujlwm sawv cev hauv Taiwan, Tuam Tshoj, thiab kev sib dhos tau ua hauv Shenzhen.

Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, cov nroj tsuag Angstrem thiab Mikron (Zelenograd) yuav luag tag nrho txaus siab qhov kev thov rau USSR microcircuits, txawm hais tias cov khoom no tsis ncav cuag lub ntiaj teb cov qauv.

Txoj kev mus rau qhov zoo

Ua haujlwm tau ua nrog cov khoom loj dua li micron, nanotechnology tseem nyob deb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog Mikron PJSC uas tau los ua tus pioneer hauv peb lub teb chaws hauv kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov analog digital integrated circuits rau kev faib khoom loj. Qhov no yog li cas nws tshwm sim keeb kwm. Niaj hnub no, cov nroj tsuag tsim ntau tshaj xya caum feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xa tawm.

Tau kawg, tam sim no cov xwm txheej rau kev ua haujlwm txawv kiag li. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub seventies, lub Mikron cog nyob rau hauv Zelenograd los ua ib tug pioneer - tshiab txoj kev tsim microcontrollers. Piv txwv li, cov qauv ntawm microcircuit tau ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv tshuab "epiplanar" - lateral rwb thaiv tsev nrog dielectric. Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hauv peb lub tebchaws tau coj mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws -"isoplanar" - kev tsim khoom ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog oxide rwb thaiv tsev. Ion doping tau siv, cov txheej txheem plasma-chemical rau kev tsim cov microcontrollers hauv tsev tau qhia. Cov nroj tsuag nquag ua haujlwm tsis yog rau cov neeg siv khoom siv xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex thiab chaw.

Kev txhim kho

PJSC "Mikron" los ntawm qhov pib yog ib qho kev cog qoob loo hauv kev lag luam. Lub teb chaws thawj "chav huv" tau tsim ntawm no. Integrated circuits tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam nplai rau supercomputers. Lub high-speed universal teeb ntawm 1802 series (Lavxias teb sab microcontrollers - AVR analogues) rau huab cua tiv thaiv systems tau tsim. Nws yog cov khoom lag luam uas muab cov kev pabcuam chaw "Venus" thiab "Mars". Xyoo 1984, cov nroj tsuag tau ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tebchaws: nws tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom hauv Unified Computer System, uas nws tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim ua ke nrog NIIME. Nyob rau hauv lub nineties, tshiab thev naus laus zis kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv, nrog rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev tsim khoom. Qhov tseeb BiCMOS thev naus laus zis tau tsim, thiab tib lub sijhawm cov nroj tsuag pib nkag mus rau kev lag luam txawv teb chaws. Piv txwv li, twb nyob rau hauv lub nineties, Samsung pib yuav integrated circuit chips.

Hauv xyoo 1994, ob lub tuam txhab microelectronics hauv Russia, Mikron thiab NIIME, sib koom ua ke. Lawv pib muab lawv tus kheej ua ib lub tuam txhab. Los ntawm nruab nrab-90s, lwm "chav huv" tau tsim, qhov chaw tsim khoom ntau dua li cov qauv hauv ntiaj teb tau pib:ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm silicon wafers ib puas thiab tsib caug millimeters hauv txoj kab uas hla, qhov uas tus qauv tsim yog 0.8 microns.

Ob peb xyoos tom qab, cov khoom tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb thiab daim ntawv pov thawj thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm Bureau Veritas Quality International, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig raws li daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm zoo raws li ISO 9000. Xyoo 1997, NIIME thiab Micron merged mus rau hauv Scientific Center kev txhawj xeeb, tom qab OAO Sitronics Microelectronics. Peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, lub koom haum ntawm ZAO VZPP-Mikron tau tsim nyob rau hauv Voronezh.

New project

Txij li xyoo 2006, ib txoj haujlwm peev tau siv los txhawm rau txhim kho kev tsim khoom loj. Lub voj voog kaw tiav tau teeb tsa - lub phaj nrog cov chips, feem ntau hauv kev sib txuas lus - kev tsim SIM daim npav rau kev lag luam no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag tau txais los ntawm Franco-Italian STMicroelectronics thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem topological ntawm 180 nm. Kev tsim cov chips rau daim npav ntse, daim pib thauj, suav nrog cov chaw rau Moscow metro, tau pib. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kom txog rau thaum 2010 cov nroj tsuag Mikron ua hauj lwm raws li nyob ze-micron qauv. Hauv xyoo 2007, lub xeev tau nqis peev ntau dua peb puas lab rubles hauv kev lag luam los pib tsim 180-nanometer chips. Cov khoom siv tau yuav los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Nyob rau xyoo 2009, lub xeev lub tuam txhab "Rosnano" tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm, qhov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb tau tsim rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog 90.tsim nanometers. Nyiaj txiag txuas ntxiv - tam sim no nws tau mus txog 16.5 billion rubles. Lub hom phiaj yog kev tsim cov khoom tshiab thiab kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis mus rau qib 45 nm thiab txawm tias tsawg dua.

Txawm li cas los xij, hauv 2012, cov khoom tshiab (IC tuag) muaj qib topological ntawm 90 nm, uas tseem muaj peev xwm ntau lawm - 36,000 wafers ib xyoos. Nyob rau hauv 2012, ib tug domestic universal card nti tau tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv 2013 nws pib ntau lawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim cov chips rau biometric passport tau pib. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2013, Rusnano tau muag nws ib feem ntawm cov shares, qhov kev txhawj xeeb tau reorganized thiab los ua subordinate rau OJSC RTI.

Kev ua tiav ntawm xyoo tas los

Thaum pib ntawm 2014 JSC "NIIME thiab Mikron" tau txais kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab los tsim cov circuits ntawm 65 nanometers, thawj zaug ua haujlwm muaju tau txais. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim khoom loj tseem tsis tau tshwm sim. Kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus. Hauv 2014, Rusnano rov qab los ua tswv cuab ntawm lub tuam txhab. Kev tsim khoom ntawm domestic dual-core microprocessors siv 90 nm thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv. Lub tuam txhab tau dhau los ua tus neeg xa khoom ntawm daim pib thauj (hluav taws xob tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb thauj mus los hauv av, metro), cov ntawv cim ntawm nws tus kheej tsim rau Goznak Federal State Unitary Enterprise (kos npe ntawm cov khoom plaub), microcontrollers rau biometric passports ntawm Nplog (thawj qhov project thoob ntiaj teb). Xyoo 2016, lub Hoobkas tau muab daim npav rho nyiaj rau Mordovian "KS Bank" (NSPK "MIR").

Tam sim no lub Hoobkas tsim kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm rau rau rau yim txheejhlau FAB-200) raws li cov qauv tsim txog li 65 nm thiab chips ntawm "planar" thiab "bipolar" technologies (FAB-150), qhov twg ib los yog ob txheej hlau, thiab cov qauv tsim muaj nyob ntawm 1.6 microns. Cov phiaj xwm rau xyoo 2018 suav nrog kev txhim kho 45-28 nm nanotechnologies nrog kev tsim kho cov kab tshiab rau lub hom phiaj no. Kev nqis peev loj heev tau xav tau los ntawm lub xeev - ntau dua li ib thiab ib nrab lab daus las. Tseem tsis tau muaj xov xwm txog lub ntsiab lus no.

PKK Milandr

Nyob rau tib qhov chaw, hauv Zelenograd, lwm qhov kev lag luam no tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1993. PKK Milandr JSC yog lub lag luam me dua li Mikron cog. Nws tsis xav tau nyiaj loj heev rau kev tsim kho dua tshiab. Lub tuam txhab tam sim ntawd pib siv cov haujlwm rau kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm microelectronics: processors, controllers, transceiver circuits, memory, voltage converters, as well as electronic modules of universal properties, commercial and industrial devices, software for microelectronic products and information systems.

Lub tuam txhab no yog thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Russia tau txais daim ntawv tso cai rau ARM microprocessor core thiab siv nws hauv microcontrollers hauv kev txhim kho. Thaum pib, kev sib xyaw ua ke tau tsim tawm ntawm no raws li cov qauv tsim txog li 28 nm, microcircuits, suav nrog cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws, raug kuaj, ntsuas thiab ntsuas tau zoo, cov khoom siv blocks thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, nrog raupej xeem (qhov no siv rau software). Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj ntau tshaj li plaub puas hom ntawm ntau yam khoom nyob rau hauv nomenclature kab hnub no. Cov no yog 32-, 16-, 8-ntsis microprocessors thiab microcontrollers, ROM thiab RAM (nco chips), nrog rau xov tooj cua zaus, interface, tshwj xeeb.

Company details

Lub tuam txhab muaj ntau tshaj xya puas square meters ntawm kev lag luam thiab chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej kho vajtse tshaj lij tshaj plaws rau kev tsim thiab kev sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub tuam txhab muaj peev xwm tsim nyog, thiab yog li ua tiav lub voj voog tsim khoom kaw thiab kev ntsuas qhov tseeb tshaj plaws tau lees paub, nrog rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov cuab yeej blocks thiab microcircuits tau ua tiav nrog cov khoom zoo. Lub tuam txhab cov khoom yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev ntseeg siab.

Lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm Lub Xeev Tus Qauv ISO 9001-2011, uas suav nrog kev tsim khoom thiab kev txhim kho cov kev sib txuas tshiab kawg, cov ntxaij lim dej electromechanical, cov khoom siv piezoelectric, pob zeb ceramic-hlau rau microcircuits, microassembly ntawm ntau -crystal modules, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Company Composition

PKK Milandr, lub tuam txhab Lavxias uas tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob microelectronic thiab cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua, suav nrog Milandr EK, uas tau txais ntawv pov thawj los ntawm Electronsert CSO. Nws yog ib tus neeg tsim nyog tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm txawv teb chaws thiabLub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev, uas suav nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li kev pom zoo ntawm CIS tog.

"Milandr EK" yog ib qho chaw sib cais uas muag cov khoom ntawm ITCM LLC. Lub tuam txhab no tau nruab nrog ntau qhov chaw sim niaj hnub, suav nrog cov neeg txawv teb chaws tshwj xeeb. Kev lees paub muab txoj cai los ntsuas microcircuits ntawm ob qho tib si txawv teb chaws thiab hauv tsev. Ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov qauv txog li 40 nm thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li lawv tau tsim thiab tsim tawm ntawm no.

Kev ua tiav

PKK Milandr muaj lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam tshwj xeeb. Cov chaw tsim qauv muaj zog tau tsim los ntawm no, ib qho chaw kawm thiab kev sim thiab kev sib dhos ntsuas kev tsim khoom tau ua haujlwm. Lub tuam txhab txawv ntawm lwm tus nyob rau hauv uas nws ua kom cov creation ntawm cov khoom kawg ntawm kos, thiab cov khoom no yog nyob rau hauv siab thov nyob rau hauv lub lag luam. Ntxiv mus, lub tuam txhab ib txwm nrog tag nrho nws cov haujlwm ua tiav.

Tau kaum xyoo, lub tuam txhab tau ua tiav ntau tshaj 225 qhov kev sim tsim ua haujlwm rau kev lag luam, 206 ntawm lawv tau raug coj mus rau serial ntau lawm. Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb yog cov tuam txhab Lavxias ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas, xov tooj cua engineering tshuab, khoom siv sib txuas lus, telemetry systems, on-board computers. Lub tuam txhab muaj nws cov neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv Penza, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh, qhov chaw uas Lavxias teb sab tsim microcontrollers kuj raug tsim. Kev koom tesua nrog Department of Nanotechnology ntawm Russia Academy of Sciences.

JSC "NIIET"

Nyob rau xyoo 1961, lub chaw tsim khoom tsim tau qhib ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor hauv Voronezh, uas tom qab ntawd tau loj hlob mus rau hauv lub lag luam nto moo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub tshaj plaws. Nws nyob ntawd thiab nws yog thaum ntawd keeb kwm ntawm JSC "NIIET" pib. Thaum xub thawj, lub tuam txhab tsim diodes thiab transistors - semiconductor li silicon thiab germanium, uas tau tsim los ntawm Moscow Research Institute "Pulsar". Tab sis tsis ntev tag nrho cov hauj lwm tau pib ua nws tus kheej.

Ib qho kev ua tiav yog qhov kev txhim kho ntawm thawj qhov kev sib koom ua ke hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Planar thev naus laus zis txheej txheem tau qhia, uas tom qab ntawd tau pab tsim thawj cov kev sib xyaw ua ke bipolar. Thiab niaj hnub no, cov khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb no nrov heev ntawm kev ua lag luam, piv txwv li, 1886we4u microcontroller. Nyob rau hauv 1968, thawj RAM integrated circuits nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 16 khoom siv MOS technology, tsim los ntawm pab neeg, tau nkag mus rau hauv ntau lawm, uas yog ib tug impetus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm domestic microelectronics. Los ntawm no, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib tiam neeg tau pom. Bipolar LSIs los ntawm nto moo 1804 series (ntawm no qhov kev txhaj tshuaj yog lub hauv paus) thiab qhov deb 1887 series - 1887ve4u microcontroller, tau tsim tom qab 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX vim yog txoj kev muaj tswv yim ntev.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam yog tsom raukev loj hlob ntawm microcontrollers thiab microcomputers txij li thaum ntxov seventies. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd muaj kev txhim kho loj ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab tshuab computer, CAD thiab ntau yam kev tswj hwm. Hauv zos tsim microcircuits tau nruab nrog cov khoos phis tawj hauv tsev - "Electronics-82", "Electronics-85", "Electronics-100". Xyoo 1986, kev tsim cov txheej txheem digital rau kev ua cov teeb liab rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb (DSP) tau pib.

Tsis muaj ib xyoos hauv keeb kwm ntawm JSC "NIIET" thaum nws txoj kev loj hlob yuav raug ncua, kev loj hlob ib txwm pom, thiab nrog kev ua tiav ntawm txhua qhov siab tshiab, kev ntshaw rau qhov txuas ntxiv ib txwm pib. Nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm microelectronics nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, nws yuav tsis yooj yim mus nrhiav tau ib tug sib npaug zos tshwj xeeb ntawm lub enterprise. Lawv tau paub ntau tshaj li ib puas thiab tsib caug hom ntawm cov muaj zog tshaj plaws microwave transistors, nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke rau ntau lub hom phiaj, tsim hauv zos los ntawm kos.