Yuav ua li cas qhib daim ntawv tso quav tso quav: kev npaj ua lag luam, khoom siv, lus pom zoo

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev lag luam Lavxias ntawm cov khoom siv tu cev tsis tu ncua qhia txhua xyoo kev loj hlob los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 7-9%. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, qhov sib txawv no yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau yav tom ntej. Hauv cov ntsiab lus nyiaj txiag, kev ua lag luam tau loj hlob sai (20-30%) dua li ntawm lub cev, vim tias cov ntawv tso quav ib txheej yog muag tsis zoo thiab phem dua. Niaj hnub no, ntau tus neeg tau txais kev pab xav yuav daim ntawv tso quav ob lossis peb-ply rau kev nyiam huv.

Kev lag luam luv luv

Kev lag luam hauv tsev ntawm cov khoom siv tu cev tsis ntev los no tau pom qhov hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Cov neeg siv khoom nyiam cov khoom zoo, tab sis cov khoom siv nyiaj txiag. Kev xav tau ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv raws caij nyoog, thiab tus nqi qis ntawm cov khoom tiav ua tiav kom ua tiav sai. Tab sis thaum npaj ib lub tswv yim muag, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account kev sib tw thiab kev ua lag luam saturation.khoom.

Qib kev sib tw yog kwv yees li nruab nrab-siab. Tam sim no, koj yuav tsum tau sib tw nrog tsawg kawg yog kaum lub tuam txhab loj. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tuam txhab me thiab cov lag luam nruab nrab uas koom nrog hauv kev lag luam ntawv tso quav yuav luag suav tsis tau. Nws tuaj yeem cia siab tias cov neeg ua si loj hauv kev ua lag luam yuav nqus cov me me, thiab cov uas tsim cov khoom tsis zoo yuav ploj mus.

Cov neeg tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws yog: Syassky Pulp thiab Ntawv Zeb, uas nyob hauv thaj tsam Leningrad, Syktyvkar Tissue Group tuav (Komi), Naberezhnye Chelny Ntawv Zeb (nyob rau hauv Republic of Tatarstan), SCA Hyjin Khoom Russia (Lub Hoobkas hauv cheeb tsam Leningrad). Nws yeej yuav xav tau kev nqis peev tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam daim ntawv tso quav tso quav. Nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los npaj kev cob qhia hauv tsev.

sau npe ua lag luam

Yuav ua li cas qhib daim ntawv tso quav tso quav? Cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam yog kauj ruam yooj yim raws li hauv qab no: sau npe ua lag luam, xauj chaw ua haujlwm ntau lawm thiab yuav khoom siv, tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv raw khoom thiab tsim cov kev faib tawm. Tag nrho cov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau hais kom tas mus li thiab ua tiav. Ib qho ntawm cov theem ntev tshaj plaws yog kev sau npe ntawm ib lub koom haum raug cai, kev xaiv ntawm kev sau se thiab lwm cov txheej txheem bureaucratic.

Tus neeg ua lag luam yuav tsum tau sau npe nrog Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Pab Cuam Se ntawm qhov chaw nyob raug cai. Qhov chaw nyob raug cai tuaj yeem muab tau rau cov chaw tsis nyob hauv tsev. Tsis muaj chaw ua haujlwmtsis tuaj yeem sau npe ua ib lub koomhaum raug cai. Ua ntej thov mus rau lub chaw ua haujlwm se, koj yuav tsum xaiv daim ntawv ntawm lub tuam txhab (rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, koj yuav tsum tau sau npe rau ib lub tuam txhab raug cai, tab sis yog tias koj npaj ib lub tuam txhab me, koj tuaj yeem nres ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam) thiab ib qho kev xaiv tau txais se. Yog tias muaj ntau tus tswv, feem ntau qhov kev xaiv poob rau ntawm kev tsim LLC lossis kev koom tes tsim khoom.

Thaum sau npe, koj yuav tsum qhia tus lej OKVED. Rau cov kev ua ub no, code 21.22 yog qhov tsim nyog - kev tsim cov khoom lag luam rau kev huv thiab huv thiab tsev neeg lub hom phiaj. Rau kev siv ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam wholesale, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau thov rau kev them se raws li ib qho kev qhia dav dav lossis yooj yim. Nrog rau ib qho yooj yim, tus neeg ua lag luam raug zam ntawm se vaj tse, nyiaj tau los, VAT, tab sis raug txwv los ntawm cov nyiaj tau los txwv (txog li ib puas thiab tsib caug lab rubles ib xyoos).

Ua ntej ua cov dej num, koj kuj yuav tsum tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm SES thiab cov neeg soj ntsuam hluav taws. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb thiab hluav taws kub.

Tsev tsim khoom

Ib txoj kev npaj ua lag luam rau kev tsim cov ntawv tso quav yuav tsum muaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv raw, lub voj voog ntau lawm yuav ua tiav lossis tsis tiav. Hauv thawj kis, cov ntawv pov tseg yog siv, hauv qhov thib ob, cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov ntawv tso quav yog cov ntawv tiav. Cov ntawv pov tseg raws li cov khoom siv raw yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua, vim tias qhov no tsis tas yuav tsum muajyuav cov cuab yeej kim tshwj xeeb thiab ntiav cov neeg ua haujlwm cob qhia uas tuaj yeem tiv nrog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab siv sijhawm.

Kev siv tshuab rau kev tsim cov khoom tu cev kom puv lub voj voog yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Sau ntawv pov tseg, crushing raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub crusher, ntxiv dej thiab straining los ntawm ib tug sieve.
2. Ntxuav cov khoom sib tov (qhov dawb ntawm cov khoom siv raw yuav nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg lub voj voog ntxuav nrog dej hauv lub tank tshwj xeeb).
3. Tshuaj cov khoom siv raw uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov ntawv tso quav.
4. Tshuaj xyuas qhov sib npaug ntawm daim ntawv hauv paus thiab dej.
5. Squeezing tawm cov kua ntau dhau nrog cov nylon mesh, tso cov ntaub ntawv raw rau hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws. Ntawm 110 degrees Celsius, daim ntawv hauv paus dries, tapes raug mob ntawm bobbins.
6. Muab lub pob rau ntawm lub qhov rooj, embossing thiab rewinding.
7. Txiav cov txheej txheem yob rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom yob ntawm qhov xav tau loj.
8. Ntim cov khoom thiab xa mus rau lub tsev khaws khoom lossis cov khw muag khoom.

Siv npaj ua hauv paus

Lub tshuab tsim cov ntawv tso quav tso quav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm lub hauv paus tiav yog yooj yim dua, yog li nws tsis xav tau cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj ntse. Tus nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom tshwj xeeb kuj yuav tsis tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tau muab faib ua cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

1. Nkauj lub hauv paus yob ntawm lub nruas tshwj xeeb.
2. Punching hauv tshwj xeeb xuas nrig ntaus blocks.
3. Txiav cov txheej txheem yob rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom seem raws li qhov ntsuas qhov ntev.
4. Ntim cov khoom tiav thiab cov khoom ntim rau tom qab muag rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg.

Production Hall rent

Yuav luag tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov ntawv tso quav tso quav (raws li kev tshuaj xyuas, qhov kev lag luam no yuav tsum muaj kev nqis peev ntau nyob rau theem pib los yuav cov khoom siv) yog raws li kev siv cov tshuab semi-automatic feem ntau, yog li chav yuav tsum tau xaiv. loj txaus. Lub rhiav yuav tsum nyob rau hauv pem teb los yog hauv qab daus, zoo rhuab, zoo ventilated, khiav dej thiab hluav taws xob. Kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw dawb yuav tsum tau muab rau kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom tiav thiab cov khoom siv raw khoom. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam nyob ntawm, ntawm lwm yam, ntawm kev txo tus nqi ntawm kev muab cov khoom siv raw thiab xa cov khoom tiav, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los nrhiav ib qho chaw rau cov nroj tsuag ze ntawm cov khw muag khoom pov tseg lossis cov khoom siv raw khoom thib ob.

Tom qab xaiv thaj chaw, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim kev sib cuag nrog tus tswv thiab ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus ua ntej. Nyob rau theem no, tus neeg ua lag luam tseem tsis tau muaj cai ua lag luam, vim nws tsis muaj npe hauv xeev. Nws raug nquahu kom kos cov lus pom zoo kawg nkaus tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov txheej txheem bureaucratic, txawm li cas los xij, rau kev sau npe, koj yuav tsum tau muab daim ntawv cog lus xauj tsev rau kev cob qhia ntau lawm. Qee tus neeg ua lag luam txiav txim siab sau npe rau lub tuam txhab ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob, tab sis yav tom ntej qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov tub ceev xwm se.

Kev yuav khoom

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev npaj ua lag luam rau kev tsim cov ntaub so quav, koj xav tauqhia txog tus nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom. Cov tshuab siv sib txawv hauv qhov nyuaj thiab tus nqi. Txhawm rau npaj kev tsim khoom me me koj yuav xav tau:

• unwinder-winder (rewinds cov khoom noj rau hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem;
• machine rau txiav tshuab rolls (suab rolls ntawm xws li ib lub tshuab yog txiav mus rau hauv npaj-muag).

Tus nqi pheej yig tshaj plaws unwinder raug nqi yuav luag xya txhiab daus las, ib pawg pom rau kev txiav cov txheej txheem yob tus nqi kwv yees li ob txhiab. Rau cov cuab yeej ntawm kev cob qhia ntau lawm, nws raug nquahu kom yuav cais cov bushing, rewinding, txiav, ntim tshuab, pasting rooj. Rau ib tug semi-automatic kab, koj yuav tau them txog 800 txhiab rubles los yog ntau tshaj. Lub tshuab puv nqi ntawm 1.2 lab rubles thiab ntau dua.

paper recycling tshuab

Ib lub tuam txhab Nyij Pooj tau los nrog kev daws cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg kom zoo - Dawb Goast lub tshuab hloov chaw ua haujlwm cardboard thiab ntawv pov tseg rau hauv daim ntawv tso quav. Kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tshuab yog qhov tsawg: los ntawm 900 nplooj ntawv ntawm cov qauv A4, 30 feeb tom qab pib lub voj voog, ib daim ntawv yob tau txais. Tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm yog li $100,000.

Tus nqi ntawm ib yob ntawm daim ntawv tso quav tso rau ntawm lub tshuab no yog kwv yees li $0.17, tus nqi muag khoom yog $0.58. Lub sij hawm them rov qab yog ntev heev. Yog lub tshuab yogua haujlwm tas li, tom qab ntawd hauv ib xyoos nws yuav them tsuas yog yim txhiab daus las. Tib lub sijhawm, hauv kaum xyoo tib lub tsheb tuaj yeem raug nqi ob zaug ntau dua. Nws hloov tawm tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua los muab cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg mus rau qhov chaw rov ua dua tshiab. Feem ntau, qhov no tsuas yog tus qauv xwb, uas yuav tsim kho ntxiv.

ntiav neeg ua haujlwm

Kev vam meej ntawm kev lag luam daim ntawv tso quav tso zis ntau yog nyob ntawm kev txawj ntawm nws cov neeg ua haujlwm. Yog tias tus neeg ua lag luam tsis muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev ua haujlwm no, ces tus kws tshaj lij thev naus laus zis yog qhov xav tau tiag tiag. Koj kuj yuav tsum ntiav ib tus neeg muag khoom, tus accountant (thaum xub thawj, koj tuaj yeem outsource accounting ntau dua li caw cov neeg ua haujlwm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm), tus neeg tsav tsheb, ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm los xyuas kom meej tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kab ntau lawm. Txoj kev npaj ua lag luam rau kev lag luam daim ntawv tso quav yuav tsum suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua thiab qib nyiaj hli.

Kev tsim khoom nrog raw khoom

Nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab yuav ua li cas nrog cov ntawv tso quav tso quav? Feem ntau, cov neeg muag khoom yog cov khoom siv khib nyiab, uas muaj nyob hauv ntau thaj tsam thiab qhib rau kev koom tes. Txhawm rau tsim kev sib cuag rau kev lag luam, feem ntau nws yog qhov txaus los xa cov kev lag luam mus rau kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tuam txhab cuam tshuam lossis tsuas yog hu rau.

Cov khoom pov tseg ib zaug yog kwv yees li 100 kg. Cov ntsiab lus khaws cov khoom nyoos feem ntau tsis lees txais cov khoom pov tseg, vim lawv muag tsis tau. Trimmings yuav raug sim kom dhau los ntawm cov tshuab dua (qhov no tsuas yog ua tau yog tias muaj cov tshuabtag nrho lub voj voog), ua cov qe tais lossis cov lauj kaub los ntawm qhov ntub dej., muag rau cov pej xeem ntxiv rau cov chiv rau chiv.

Kev txhim kho ntawm kev faib tawm

Lub tswv yim ua lag luam ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tso zis tso quav yog lub sijhawm los ua kom tau nyiaj zoo, tab sis txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom yog nyob ntawm qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev thov thiab muaj cov kev faib tawm rau cov khoom tiav. Koj tuaj yeem muab koj cov khoom muag rau cov neeg muag khoom yooj yim hauv xov tooj. Kev tshaj tawm hauv catalogs lossis ib txwm luam tawm tshaj tawm hauv kev lag luam wholesale ua haujlwm zoo. Cov neeg yuav khoom loj tsis tas yuav raug ntxias los ntawm kev tshaj tawm tswv yim, xws li cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov txheej txheem nrhiav kev faib tawm.

Kev them nyiaj rov qab suav

Qhov kawg (tab sis tsis yog qhov kawg) ib feem ntawm kev npaj ua lag luam daim ntawv tso quav tso quav yog qhov kev suav ntawm qhov kev them rov qab. Kwv yees li ntawm 110 txhiab yob ntawm daim ntawv tso quav tso zis yog tau los ntawm ib tuj ntawm lub hauv paus, qhov kev pom zoo batch loj yog 330 txhiab yob (30 tons ntawm raw khoom). Tus nqi ntawm ib yob yuav yog 7.6 rubles. Nrog ib tug markup ntawm 22%, kev muag khoom ntawm tag nrho cov batch yuav cia tus neeg ua lag luam khwv tau 732.6 txhiab rubles ib hlis. Kev nqis peev hauv kev lag luam yuav them tawm hauv peb mus rau plaub lub hlis ntawm lub khw tsim khoom.

Nyob rau thaj tsam sib txawv, tus nqi xauj tsev ntau lawm thiab cov npoo ntawm cov khoom tiav yog sib txawv, yog li cov kev suav kwv yees kwv yees. Tej zaum nws yuav muaj peev xwm yuav cov khoom siv pheej yig dua (zoo thib ob), uas yuav txo tau cov nqi. Cov nyiaj hli ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kuj nyob ntawm tsis yog xwbthaj av uas qhov kev tsim khoom yog raws li, tab sis kuj yog nyob rau hauv hom kev sib hais haum (lub nroog, lub zos los yog hauv nroog kev sib hais haum). Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim cov ntawv tso quav tso quav, yog tias tsim nyog, yog kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev cia siab rau kev nthuav dav thiab kev loj hlob.