Anodized txheej: nws yog dab tsi, qhov twg nws siv, nws ua li cas

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Anodizing yog cov txheej txheem electrolytic uas yog siv los ua kom cov thickness ntawm txheej oxides nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau txais nws lub npe vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv ua tiav yog siv los ua anode hauv electrolyte. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm no, qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv rau corrosion thiab hnav yog nce, thiab saum npoo kuj tau npaj rau daim ntawv thov ntawm primer thiab xim.

Daim ntawv thov cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntxiv tom qab hlau anodization tau ua tiav zoo dua li cov khoom qub. Cov txheej txheej anodized nws tus kheej, nyob ntawm txoj kev ntawm nws daim ntawv thov, tuaj yeem ntxeem tau, absorbing dyes zoo, los yog nyias thiab pob tshab, hais txog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom qub thiab pom lub teeb zoo. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv yog ib qho dielectric, uas yog, nws tsis ua hluav taws xob tam sim no.

Vim li cas qhov no ua tiav

Anodized tiav siv qhov xav taumuab kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab zam kev hnav ntau ntxiv hauv kev sib cuag ntawm cov tshuab thiab cov khoom siv. Ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tiv thaiv saum npoo ntawm cov hlau, cov tshuab no yog ib qho pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev qha. Kev siv ntau tshaj ntawm anodizing yog los tiv thaiv aluminium thiab nws cov alloys. Raws li koj paub, cov hlau no, muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub teeb thiab lub zog, muaj kev cuam tshuam rau corrosion. Cov thev naus laus zis no kuj tau tsim los rau ntau lwm cov hlau tsis-ferrous: titanium, magnesium, zinc, zirconium thiab tantalum.

Qee yam

Cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm, ntxiv rau kev hloov cov duab microscopic ntawm qhov chaw, kuj hloov cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov hlau ntawm ciam teb nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog lub thickness loj ntawm anodized txheej, txheej tiv thaiv nws tus kheej, raws li txoj cai, muaj qhov porosity tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov khoom siv, nws yuav tsum tau sealing ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txheej tuab muab kev hnav tsis kam, ntau dua li cov xim lossis lwm yam txheej, xws li tshuaj tsuag. Raws li lub zog saum npoo nce, nws dhau los ua nkig, uas yog, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau rau kev tawg ntawm thermal, tshuaj, thiab cuam tshuam tawg. Kev tawg ntawm cov txheej anodized thaum lub sij hawm stamping yog tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, thiab cov lus pom zoo tsim los tsis tas yuav pab ntawm no.

Invention

Thawj sau tsegCov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm kev siv anodizing tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1923 hauv tebchaws Askiv los tiv thaiv seaplane qhov chaw los ntawm corrosion. Thaum xub thawj, chromic acid tau siv. Tom qab ntawd, oxalic acid tau siv nyob rau hauv Nyiv, tab sis niaj hnub no, feem ntau, classical sulfuric acid yog siv los tsim cov txheej txheem anodized nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm electrolyte, uas txo cov nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem. Technology tau txhim kho thiab txhim kho tas li.

Aluminium

Anodized los txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab npaj rau tha xim. Thiab tseem, nyob ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, xws li txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, anodizing hauv nws tus kheej tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov hlau no. Thaum txhuas los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog huab cua los yog lwm yam roj uas muaj oxygen, cov hlau ib txwm tsim oxide txheej 2-3 nm tuab ntawm nws qhov chaw, thiab ntawm cov alloys nws tus nqi nce mus txog 5-15 nm.

Lub thickness ntawm anodized txhuas txheej yog 15-20 microns, uas yog, qhov sib txawv yog ob qhov kev txiav txim loj (1 micron yog sib npaug rau 1000 nm). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txheej txheej tsim no tau muab faib ua vaj huam sib luag sib luag, kuj hais lus, sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw, uas yog, nws nce lub thickness ntawm ib feem los ntawm ½ ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv. Txawm hais tias anodizing tsim cov txheej tuab thiab tsis sib xws, cov kab nrib pleb uas muaj nyob hauv nws tuaj yeem ua rau corrosion. Tsis tas li ntawd, txheej txheej tiv thaiv nws tus kheej yog raug rau cov tshuaj lwj.vim raug rau ib puag ncig nrog high acidity. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim no, cov thev naus laus zis tau siv los txo cov microcracks thiab qhia cov tshuaj ruaj khov rau hauv cov oxide muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Daim ntawv thov

Machined cov ntaub ntawv yog dav siv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv aviation, ntau yam txheej txheem muaj aluminium alloys nyob rau hauv kev kawm, tib yam teeb meem yog nyob rau hauv shipbuilding. Lub dielectric zog ntawm anodized txheej predetermined nws siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom hluav taws xob. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov khoom ua tiav tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev, suav nrog cov players, teeb, koob yees duab, smartphones. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, ib tug anodized hlau txheej yog siv, ntau precisely, nws ob txhais taw, uas ho txhim kho nws cov neeg siv khoom. Thaum ua noj, tshwj xeeb Teflon txheej yuav siv tau kom tsis txhob hlawv cov zaub mov. Feem ntau xws li cov tais diav hauv chav ua noj yog kim heev. Txawm li cas los xij, lub lauj kaub uas tsis yog-anodized aluminium muaj peev xwm muab kev daws teeb meem rau tib qho teeb meem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm tus nqi qis dua. Hauv kev tsim kho, anodized txheej ntawm profiles yog siv rau mounting qhov rais thiab lwm yam kev xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus muaj yeeb yuj nyiam cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov kws kos duab, lawv tau siv ntau yam kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab thoob ntiaj teb, nrog rau kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Technology

Tshwj xeeb electroplating khw thiabkev lag luam uas suav hais tias yog "qhuav" thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li, cov lus pom zoo rau cov txheej txheem hauv tsev, tshaj tawm hauv qee qhov chaw, yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev, txawm tias qhov yooj yim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tau piav qhia.

Anodized txheej tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis cov ntsiab lus dav dav thiab kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem yog classic. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub zog thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm cov khoom tau txais nyob ntawm qhov tseeb, qhov chaw hlau nws tus kheej, ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cathode, lub zog tam sim no thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov electrolyte siv. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem, tsis muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv rau ntawm qhov chaw, thiab cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom siv nws tus kheej. Lub ntsiab ntawm electroplating yog cov nyhuv ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tau muab faib ua peb theem tseem ceeb.

Thawj theem - kev npaj

Nyob rau theem no, cov khoom raug ntxuav kom huv si. Qhov saum npoo yog degreased thiab polished. Ces muaj lub thiaj li hu ua etching. Nws yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev muab cov khoom tso rau hauv cov tshuaj alkaline, tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv cov kua qaub. Cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev yaug dej, thaum lub sijhawm nws tseem ceeb heev kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov tshuaj lom neeg, suav nrog thaj chaw nyuaj. Qhov kawg tshwm sim feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm thawj theem.

theem ob - electrochemistry

Nyob rau theem no, cov txheej txheem anodized aluminium yog tsim tiag tiag. Ua tib zoo npaj workpiecedai ntawm cov brackets thiab txo qis rau hauv da dej nrog electrolyte, muab tso rau ntawm ob lub cathodes. Rau txhuas thiab nws cov alloys, cathodes ua los ntawm txhuas yog siv. Feem ntau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov electrolyte muaj xws li sulfuric acid, tab sis lwm yam acids yuav siv tau, piv txwv li, oxalic, chromic, nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj yav tom ntej ntawm machined ib feem. Oxalic acid yog siv los tsim cov txheej txheej insulating ntawm cov xim sib txawv, chromic acid yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem uas muaj cov duab geometric nyuaj nrog cov kab me me.

Lub sijhawm tsim nyog los tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv yog nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov electrolyte thiab ntawm lub zog ntawm tam sim no. Qhov siab dua qhov kub thiab qhov qis dua tam sim no, cov txheej txheem nrawm dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov zaj duab xis nto yog heev ntxeem tau thiab mos. Txhawm rau kom tau txais ib qho nyuaj thiab ntom ntom nti, qis kub thiab siab ceev tam sim no. Rau sulfate electrolyte, qhov kub ntawm 0 mus rau 50 degrees, thiab lub zog tam sim no yog los ntawm 1 txog 3 amperes ib square decimeter. Txhua qhov kev txwv rau cov txheej txheem no tau ua haujlwm ntau xyoo thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia thiab cov qauv uas cuam tshuam.

Third stage - consolidation

Tom qab cov electrolysis tiav, cov khoom anodized yog tsau, uas yog, qhov pores hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv raug kaw. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tso qhov chaw kho hauv dej lossis hauv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej theem no, ib qho kev pleev xim zoo ntawm ib feem yog ua tau, txij li thaum muaj qhov pores yuav tso cai rau kev nqus zoo.xim.

Kev txhim kho ntawm anodizing thev naus laus zis

Kom tau txais lub luag haujlwm hnyav oxide zaj duab xis nyob rau saum npoo ntawm txhuas, ib txoj hauv kev tau tsim los siv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov electrolytes hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem, ua ke nrog kev maj mam nce hauv hluav taws xob tam sim no ceev. Ib hom "cocktail" ntawm sulfuric, tartaric, oxalic, citric thiab boric acids yog siv, thiab lub zog tam sim no hauv cov txheej txheem maj mam nce tsib zaug. Vim qhov no tshwm sim, cov qauv ntawm cov porous cell ntawm cov tiv thaiv oxide txheej hloov.

Kev hais tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev hloov xim ntawm cov khoom anodized, uas tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog muab ib feem rau hauv ib qho kev daws nrog cov xim kub tam sim ntawd tom qab cov txheej txheem anodizing, uas yog, ua ntej thib peb theem ntawm txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov xim nrog kev siv cov additives ncaj qha rau hauv electrolyte yog me ntsis nyuab dua. Cov additives feem ntau yog ntsev ntawm ntau yam hlau los yog cov organic acids, tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ntau hom xim - los ntawm dub kiag li rau yuav luag txhua xim los ntawm palette.