Corrosion thiab yaig ntawm cov hlau: ua rau thiab kev tiv thaiv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tshuaj lom neeg, tshuab thiab hluav taws xob sab nraud feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv hlau ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, nrog kev saib xyuas tsis raug ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, nrog rau tsis quav ntsej cov qauv kev nyab xeeb, yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm deformation thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv thiab qhov chaw. Qhov no yog vim cov txheej txheem tshwm sim ntawm corrosion thiab yaig ntawm cov hlau, uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev ua rau kev puas tsuaj tag nrho ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom.

Vim li cas xeb tshwm

Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosive, cov xwm txheej rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog tsim los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog tshuaj lom neeg thiab electrochemical media. Hauv thawj qhov xwm txheej, cov khoom siv los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom siv roj, thee, ntsev thiab lwm yam minerals. Cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov no. Qhov nruab nrab ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tuaj yeem yog cov roj qhuav lossis cov kua dej tsis zoo. Lub teeb ntau yam muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws. Petroleum khoom xws li kerosene thiab roj av. Tshwj xeeb, lub nkoj nkoj ntawm lub nkoj thauj mus los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov sulfur compounds thiab acidic residues tam sim no nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Hauv electrochemical corrosion, kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tam sim no. Kev puas tsuaj nyuaj nrog cov hlau yaig yuav nrog cov neeg kho tshuab hnav. Qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb tias sab nraud cuam tshuam lawv tus kheej yuav raug txiav txim siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib puag ncig ntuj - piv txwv li, tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj electrolytes tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv dej hiav txwv. Lub cev hlau nws tus kheej yog cov khoom siv heterogeneous hauv cov qauv, uas ua rau muaj cov microgalvanic khub. Nws yog lawv, ua ke nrog cov hlau seem ntawm cov qauv, uas ua raws li anodes, tsim tej yam kev mob rau cov txheej txheem corrosion.

Kev yaig

Raws li cov ntsiab lus dav dav, kev yaig yog hais txog kev hnav khaub ncaws, vim tias cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov loj, duab, qhov hnyav thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau hlau yaig? Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud uas txo qis lub zog ntawm microvolumes ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov qauv los yog ib feem. Ntxiv mus, cov yeeb yam yeeb yam tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv kho tshuab, xws li kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov tawv tawv abrasives.

Cov no tuaj yeem ua tau cua sov, roj, thiab tshuaj lom neeg tawm suab, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua ob leeg ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ua ib qho ntxivhnav yam. Piv txwv li, cov pa roj ntws ua rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv hauv Circuit Court rau kev xa cov khoom sib xyaw ua haujlwm los ntawm cov raj xa dej, uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw hlau.

Txoj kev tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm corrosion

Kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias 80% ntawm cov xwm txheej rau kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm corrosion yog nteg nyob rau theem ntawm kev npaj nto. Qhov seem 20% twb tau muab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Kwv yees li ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog pom nyob rau hauv kev yaig ntawm cov hlau, thaum siv los txo qhov hnav ntawm workpieces.

Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li cov qauv, tsis muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm. Kev tiv thaiv tus qauv yog vim siv cov alloys tshwj xeeb raws li cov hlau tsis muaj steel, Corten steel thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau. Cov txheej txheem nquag koom nrog kev hloov cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv nrog ob txheej hluav taws xob - ib txoj kev tiv thaiv electrochemical. Raws li txoj kev passive, lawv koom nrog kev siv cov txheej tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv kev tsim cov khoom corrosive.

Ntau hom kev kho cua sov

Ib pawg ntawm txoj hauv kev rau kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, uas tseem tsom mus rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem saum npoo txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj corrosion. Cov kev ua hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

• Ntxhais. Kev kho cua sov, uas cov hlau yog rhuab, ua raws li maj mam txias.
• Ntxhais. ATsteels thiab lawv cov alloys tuaj yeem ua cov khoom lag luam. Thaum lub sij hawm hardening, cov qauv recrystallizes, thiab tom qab tuav cov khoom ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txias raws li nram no. Cov qauv tsis sib npaug yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib feem uas tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem no, uas yog qhov txwv tsis pub xaiv txoj kev no.
• Vajtswv. Lwm txoj kev ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau hardening, uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kauj ruam hauv kev hloov cov qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum nws siv, kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm cov hlau raug tshem tawm, uas ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
• Nco ntsoov. Ua zoo ib yam li annealing. Qhov txawv yog tias thaum lub sij hawm annealing, qhov txias yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg, thaum lub sij hawm normalization, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv huab cua.

Txoj kev tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm kev yaig

Qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hlau los ntawm kev yaig yog kev tsim cov txheej tshwj xeeb. Hauv particular, metallization nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev siv ib tug anti-corrosion alloy rau lub workpiece tsub kom cov tshuaj thiab mechanical zoo ntawm cov qauv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hnav txo qis thiab qhov tsim qauv tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo dhau los.

Cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau hnav-tiv taus rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb kuj tau tsim. Piv txwv li, kev yaig ntawm cov hlau, tsim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm qhov chaw, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub tsheb qhov chaw. Rau qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo li no, pob zeb diamond zoo li, ceramic thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog lub zog thiab hardness yog siv.

Txoj KevGas yaig tiv thaiv

Hauv qhov no, qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom, tab sis ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lub cev. Ob hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev khaws cia thiab khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau cov roj nplua nyeem tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv cov hlau yaig tuaj yeem siv tau. Hnav tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kuj vam khom thermal rwb thaiv tsev.

Hauv kev taw qhia no, cov khoom siv xws li cov chromium ntshiab thiab NT hom nairite yog siv. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm chromium yog tias nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj toughness thiab ductility. Vim li no, nws tsis tshua muaj siv los ua ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev. Raws li rau nairite, gumming kua mixs yog tsim los ntawm nws lub hauv paus, los ntawm uas monolithic hnav-resistant seals yog tsim.

Txoj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm thermal txau

Qhov no yog ntau yam kev tiv thaiv thev naus laus zis uas tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab cov khoom siv sib cais. Cov txheej txheem ntawm nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias zinc particles yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm ib feem nrog ib tug roj dav hlau. Tsis zoo li lwm txoj kev metallization, txoj kev no tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv txog li kaum ntawm microns tuab. Yog li, cov txheej txheem yaig uas tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv engineering, nrog rau hauv kev thauj mus los thiab cov kav dej loj yog tiv thaiv.

Zaj lus

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv hlau yuam cov tuam txhab lag luam siv nyiajnyiaj ntau rau lawv kev tu. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws, raws li txoj cai, yog kim dua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tshawb fawb ua ntej ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv cov khoom lag luam rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm xeb tsim lossis hlau yaig tuaj yeem txo cov nqi no. Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj ntau yam txuj ci thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau ntawm theem ntawm kev xaiv alloy. Los ntawm alloying thiab qhia kev hloov kho additives nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim ib feem, nws muaj peev xwm muab nws nrog zoo kev tiv thaiv zoo.