Locomotive depot. RZD: locomotive depot

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Locomotive depot yog lub ntsiab lus uas ua haujlwm kho lossis kho cov tsheb ciav hlau. Nws tseem hu ua traction part.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Locomotive depots poob rau hauv ob pawg. Lawv tuaj yeem kho lossis hloov pauv. Thawj yog npaj rau kev sau npe ntawm chav locomotives. Qhov thib ob, kev npaj ntawm locomotives yog nqa tawm, uas ua raws li lub ntsiab (kev ua haujlwm) locomotive depot. Lub turnaround point yog npaj rau kev saib xyuas ntawm chav locomotives. Lawv kuj ua kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub ntim thib ob. Muaj cov tsev so rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Tam sim no, kho locomotive depot kuj sawv tawm hauv ib pawg. Cov khoom ntawm hom no tsis muaj ib lub nkoj xa khoom ntawm locomotives. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev txhim kho loj tau ua tiav ntawm cov chaw khaws khoom no, uas yog tsom rau kev ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ib lossis ntau txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau.

History information. Kev tsim kho nta

Lub chaw ua haujlwm locomotive ib txwm yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom zoo li no nyob ntawm ntau yam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv complexity ntawm lub profile seem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Railways. Lub locomotive depot yog musyuav tsum tau ua nyob rau ntawm ib tug tej yam deb ntawm tus nyob sib ze. Raws li txoj cai, nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog tsib caug mus rau ib puas kilometers. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb, cov traction units tau nyob rau ntawm txoj kab txuas lub peev ntawm Russia thiab St. Lub ntsiab locomotive depot yog nyob ib sab ntawm lub turnover depot. Qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev siv tsheb thauj mus los ntawm qhov chaw txiav txim siab txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw locomotive. Thaum pib, cov wagons kuj tau kho ntawm lub depot. Ob peb xyoos tom qab qhib txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, xav tau kev hloov pauv. Lub rooj cob qhia thiab lub tshuab ua haujlwm tau dhau los ua cov lag luam ywj pheej. Txog rau xyoo 1933, ib qho kev pab cuam dov ib leeg tswj hwm txhua yam ntawm lub cev. Tom qab ntawd, tsoomfwv tau txiav txim siab tias kev lag luam wagon yuav dhau los ua ib ceg ntoo ntawm kev thauj mus los.

Kev faib tawm tshiab

Locomotive depots muaj lub npe no mus txog rau thaum hloov mus rau kev siv roj av thiab hluav taws xob traction. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntsiab lus tau txais ntau hom locomotives ntawm lawv pov tseg. Diesel locomotives thiab hluav taws xob locomotives tau xa tuaj ntawm no. Ces lub npe hloov. Txhua lub ntsiab lus pib hu ua "locomotive depot" tom qab ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob, diesel locomotives thiab chav locomotives tau pov tseg. Lub cev muaj zog-carriages pib hu ua cov ntsiab lus uas muaj ib lub nkoj xa mus. Lawv kuj tau ua haujlwm kho thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau diesel thiab hluav taws xob. Raws li txoj cai, muaj ob peb maneuverable diesel locomotives muaj. Cov ntsiab lus no kuj hu ua "electrodepot". General lub sij hawm,siv lub npe rau cov khoom no – locomotive chaw.

Kev txhim kho ntxiv

In the 70s. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tau nce ntxiv, vim tias qhov ntim ntawm cov tsheb tau nce ntau heev. Qee lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav ntau tshaj li ob puas lub tsheb ciav hlau. Cov depots tsis tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam zoo rau txhua hom locomotives. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov ntsiab lus pib tshwj xeeb hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kheej series. Qee lub tsev muag khoom tau ua haujlwm "lifting" ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntsiab lus locomotive raws tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev, thiab qee zaum txawm tias ob peb. Kev ua haujlwm tsis cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, xws li lub rooj ntev zaum thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshuab. Qhov tseem ceeb tau muab rau kev muab khoom seem.

Qhia cov qeb tshiab

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov xwm txheej saum toj no thiab thaj chaw uas qhov chaw no lossis lub chaw tsim khoom lag luam nyob, tau dhau los ua qhov laj thawj rau kev faib tawm tom ntej. Traction qhov chaw tau muab faib ua pawg raws li lawv lub hom phiaj: maneuverable, ntau chav tsev, neeg nrog caij thiab cargo. Cov tom kawg tau nyob ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb loj thiab cov chaw sib tshuam. Cov neeg caij tsheb depots tau nyob rau ntawm ntu ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Ob peb lub ntsiab lus muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nqaim. Lub ntsiab locomotive depot feem ntau tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev thim rov qab. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua lwm yam haujlwm. Piv txwv li, ntau cov ntsiab lus locomotive ntawm Sennaya, Rtishchevo thiab Petrov Val yog kev sib tham rau Saratov. Feem ntau depots uantau lub luag haujlwm. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus locomotive ib txhij yuav maneuverable, freight thiab neeg nrog caij. Cov nyob rau hauv lub 80s. Nws yog lub chaw nres tsheb ntawm Moscow, Rtishchevo, Saratov, Volgograd thiab Orenburg. Cov haujlwm tom kawg hauv hom no mus txog hnub no.

Kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm USSR

Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tau ua haujlwm hauv lub tsheb thauj khoom. Cov qauv no suav tias yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm uas cuam tshuam, suav nrog cov qauv ntawm kev hloov kho dua tshiab. Lub chaw locomotive tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Rau lawv cov kev daws raws sij hawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no rau thaj chaw ntawm cov ntsiab lus.

1. roj cia. Nws yog tsim los khaws cov khoom ntawm ntau yam lubricants, roj thiab roj.
2. Technical service center. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab cov locomotives thiab kho lawv.
3. Turnable daim duab peb sab lossis lub voj voog. Nws yog tsim los ua cov thev naus laus zis lossis lub sijhawm tig ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm.
4. khoom taw tes. Feem ntau, nws tau ua ke nrog lub chaw kho tsheb loj.
5. Kho lub khw. Nws yog tsim los rau kev kho dua tshiab.
6. khoom pab. Lawv yog cov tsim nyog rau kev kho ntawm ib tug neeg units thiab cov khoom ntawm lub locomotive.
7. Rheostat test center. Nws yog tsim los ua cov haujlwm muaj feem xyuam.
8. Hloov tsev. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub tsheb thaum lub sijhawm mus ncig.
9. Administrative building. Nws yog tsim los kom haumCov chav locker, da dej, chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm engineering.

Cov ntsiab lus hauv tsheb tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntxiv. Piv txwv li, cov chaw kho mob, chav boiler, chaw ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab lwm qhov chaw tsim khoom.

Space planning

Muaj ntau qhov kev xaiv rau cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, thawj depots, raws li txoj kev npaj, muaj ib puag ncig zoo. Kev teeb tsa ntawm chav locomotives ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tau ua los ntawm kev txav lawv mus rau ib qho ntawm cov kev sib tw nrog kev txuas ntxiv rau ntawm qhov xav tau. Cov yav tas yog nqa tawm los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib tug turntable nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub barn. Cov kiv cua layout ntawm lub depot pib siv tom qab. Variants nrog lub turntable kuj tau siv. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tom qab kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub depot, cov duab plaub-stepped qauv ntawm kev kho vaj tse tau dav.

Point ntawm Nikolaev railway

Lub chaw locomotive no yog ib qho qub tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Qhov no yog ib tug monument ntawm kab lis kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam. Cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv pawg ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau Nikolaevsky ntawm Komsomolskaya square. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, kuj yog ib thaj chaw keeb kwm. Lub depot no muaj ib lub voj voog. Nws pib tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tus kws kes duab vajtse Konstantin Andreevich Ton yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj xyuas qhov project. Cuaj locomotive depots tau ua rau ntawm kab. Qhov chaw nres tsheb Nikolaev nyob ze ntawm lub reservoir, tsis zoo li lwm tus. Locomotive depotnyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub pas dej liab. Qhov xwm txheej no cuam tshuam rau kev qhia txog kev hloov pauv loj hauv qhov project. Cov qauv yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus siab, thiab cov kev cob qhia tau tsim nyias. Qhov no yog vim li cas vim li cas lub tsheb ciav hlau muaj qhov zoo li lub voj voog. Lub tsev reservoir tau tsim nyob ze ntawm nws, uas tau ua raws li tus kheej qhov project. Cov architectural ntsiab ntawm lub tsev ua rau nws zoo li ib tug fortress pej thuam.