Qhov sib txawv xws li: qhov sib xyaw ntawm lub taub hau sib tw

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 13:55

Ib qhov sib tw yog ib qho ntoo me me nrog cov tawv tawv sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws ntawm ib kawg. Thaum nws yog rubbed rau sab saum npoo ntawm lub thawv, ob qho tib si sib tiv tauj yog rhuab. Muaj cua sov txaus los ua kom muaj nplaim taws me me.

ntoo xav tau

Ntoo rau kev sib tw yuav tsum ntxeem tau txaus kom nqus tau cov tshuaj xav tau, thiab hloov pauv kom tsis txhob tawg thaum rub tawm ntawm lub thawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum yooj yim los tuav. Aspen thiab ntoo thuv dawb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov xwm txheej no.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, feem ntau aspen grater kev ruaj ntseg ntais ntawv yog tsim. Lawv xav tau ib lub thawv sab saum npoo coated nrog tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj mus ignite.

txheej txheem tsim khoom

Ua ntej, qhov khoob yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo - sticks ntawm ib qho ntev thiab seem. Tom ntej no, lub thiaj li hu ua straws yog soaked nyob rau hauv ib tug daws ntawm ammonium phosphate. Qhov no yog ua los tiv thaiv smoldering tom qab hlawv ntawm lub taub hau incendiary, raws li lub taub hau match hu ua. Tom qab ziab thiab xuab zebworkpieces tau nruab rau hauv matrix ntawm lub nruas thauj khoom, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm tom ntej ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam.

Cov qhov khoob yog rhuab thiab ib kawg yog dipped rau hauv paraffin. Thaum ignited, nws yuav muab ib tug me me ntawm cov roj ntxiv rau combustion, thiaj li hais tias cov nplaim generated los ntawm kev sib txhuam yog txaus rau ignite lub match. Thaum cov pa roj carbon monoxide tau hlawv tawm, ammonium phosphate impregnated hauv cov quav cab yuav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob hlawv ntxiv. Ib qho nplaum sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub taub hau match yog siv rau saum.

Grating matches

Lawv ignite tsuas yog thaum lub taub hau yog rub tawm rau sab ntawm lub thawv tshwj xeeb tsim rau ignition. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj tseem tsis tau hloov txij li qhov kev tsim ntawm Swedish match xyoo 1855: sulfur, potassium chlorate (Bertolet ntsev KClO_{3), manganese oxide (pyrolusite) thiab hmoov zoo iav hmoov.}

Cov no yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas ua rau combustion. Bertoletova ntsev yog tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing, tus neeg xa khoom ntawm cov pa oxygen, tsis muaj cov nplaim taws yuav tawm sai sai. Pyrolusite yog siv los txo qhov kub ntawm cov nplaim taws me ntsis. Sulfur yog heev flammable thiab txhawb combustion. iav hmoov yog ntxiv kom muaj kev sib txhuam.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub taub hau match hloov lub sij hawm no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau npaum li cas, feem ntau yog vim lub ntxiv ntawm inert cov ntaub ntawv los tswj tus nqi kub: zinc dawb, chrome ncov. Cov sib tov kuj suav nrog cov kua nplaum tsiaj, uas tuav tag nrho cov khoom ua ke. Qee zaum dej-soluble dyes ntxiv.

Covsib tov nyob rau sab ntawm lub thawv: antimony sulfide thiab liab phosphorus, uas inert tshuaj kuj ntxiv kom thaum ib tug match yog lit, tag nrho lub thawv tsis flare li. Nws tuaj yeem yog tib lub iav hmoov, gypsum, kaolin, liab lead.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv combustion

Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov sib tw thaum sib txhuam tawm tsam cov thawv tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm qhov sib npaug

16KClO₃ + 3P₄ С₃ 16 Kcl + 9 SO _2.

Cov tshuaj tseem ceeb yog cov ntsev ntsev, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub taub hau match, thiab liab phosphorus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tso tawm sulfur dioxide nrog cov yam ntxwv tsw.

Thiab tsis muaj lub thawv rau hluav taws?

Yog tias muaj qee yam tau ua tiav, qhov kev sib tw tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab tau los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm qhov chaw uas tsis tau npog nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau lub thawv. Rau qhov no, siv cov chemistry sib txawv ntawm lub taub hau match.

Starless - yog qhov lawv hu ua. Lawv muaj peev xwm ignite thaum rubbed rau tej qhov chaw ntxhib. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Askiv, feem ntau yog rau kev xav tau tub rog, nyob rau hauv lub npe tawm tsam txhua qhov chaw. Qhov kev sib tw yog ua los ntawm, uas feem ntau pom hauv Asmeskas cov yeeb yaj kiab, yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus.

Lub taub hau hluav taws kub yog tsim los ntawm ob hom tshuaj sib txawv thiab muaj P4S3 phosphorus sesquisulfide, uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom nrog sulfur.

Cov kua nplaum sib xyaw ntawm sulfur, Bertolet ntsev, rosin, antimony trisulfide, phosphorus sesquisulfide thiab inert thiab stabilizing Cheebtsam yog siv ncaj qha rau paraffin-soaked straw.

Tom qab ziab lub hauv paustxheej ntawm lub taub hau incendiary, txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm qhov sib xyaw ntawm lub taub hau match yog siv, muaj cov khoom qub, tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau qhov sib txawv: ntau dua ntawm phosphorus sesquisulfide, berthollet ntsev, hmoov zoo iav.

Thaum lub taub hau hluav taws kub hnyiab, cov tshuaj muaj zog heev ignites nrog lub nplaim xiav thiab ignites tag nrho cov ignition head Cheebtsam.

Ntxiv rau cov kev sib tw hauv tsev uas paub (hauv lub thawv tsib-centimeter), cov khoom sib tw yog tsim los rau cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb:

• qhov cub thiab roj - loj dua rau kev siv yooj yim;
• rau qhov cigars thiab kav dej;
• tsev - hauv pob khoom loj;
• huab cua txhua - rau cov neeg nyiam kev lom zem heev; ignite txawm nyob rau hauv cov huab cua phem tshaj plaws;
• cim - hlawv ci ntsa iab, ntawm qhov deb pom nplaim taws; magnesium ntxiv rau lub taub hau match.