Tau txais cawv: txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom siv raw

Tau txais cawv: txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom siv raw
Tau txais cawv: txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom siv raw

Video: Tau txais cawv: txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom siv raw

Video: Tau txais cawv: txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom siv raw
Video: Tus Poj Niam Hauv Lub Kas Tham (The Barrel Lady) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Cawv tau siv ntau hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm. Lawv tsim ntau yam hluavtaws polymers, plasticizers, rubbers, detergents thiab ntau lwm yam khoom. Kev tsim cov cawv yog ua los ntawm kev siv biochemical thiab tshuaj. Ntau ntawm lawv yog cov khoom loj ntawm petrochemical synthesis. Kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm hydrocarbons yog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom pheej yig. Tsis tas li ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev tsim cov cawv los ntawm hydration ntawm olefins. Qhov no yog li cas isopropyl, tert- thiab sec-butyl thiab ethyl cawv tau txais. Kev tsim cov methyl cawv (methanol) yog ua raws li cov khoom siv qhuav ntawm cov ntoo.

tau txais cawv
tau txais cawv

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas tau txais cawv:

  • Alkaline hydrolysis ntawm halogen derivatives: tsim cov glycerol, benzyl cawv thiab lwm yam.
  • Dej ntawm epoxides thiab alkenes: ethylene glycol, ethanol, thiab lwm yam.
  • Hydroformylation: hexanol, methanol, thiab lwm yam
  • Oxidation method: tsim kom muaj roj ntau dua.
  • Txoj kev rov qab los: cov rog rog ntau dua, xylitol, thiab lwm yam.
  • Biochemical txoj kev: tsim cov glycerol thiab ethanol.
txoj kev kom tau cawv
txoj kev kom tau cawv

Ethyl cawv (ethanol) yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam loj tshaj plaws. Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, ib txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim cov roj hmab hluavtaws tau tsim. Ethanol yog tau los ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo hydrolysis, ethylene, sulfite cawv thiab los ntawm txoj kev enzymatic los ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom.

Kev tsim cov cawv (ethanol thiab methanol) los ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom thiab ntoo yog cov txheej txheem kim thiab siv sijhawm. Ethyl cawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thiab yooj yim dua los tsim los ntawm pheej yig hydrocarbon feedstock, piv txwv li, siv ethylene hydration. Yuav kom tau txais ib tuj ntawm ethanol nyob rau hauv txoj kev enzymatic, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua plaub tons ntawm nplej los yog yim tons ntawm sawdust. Rau kev sib piv: ib tuj ntawm ethanol yog tau los ntawm 2.5 tons ntawm roj av distillates los yog ethylene gas. Tus nqi ua haujlwm ntawm tus txiv neej-teev rau kev tsim cov ethyl cawv los ntawm ntau yam raw khoom: los ntawm nplej - 160, los ntawm qos yaj ywm - 280, los ntawm ethylene - 10. Tau txais cawv los ntawm petrochemical raw cov ntaub ntawv yog tsawg nqi thiab laborious.

tau methyl cawv
tau methyl cawv

Kuj yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb heev yog methanol. Niaj hnub no kev tsim cov methyl cawv yog ua los ntawm cov organic synthesis raws li cov pa roj carbon monoxide (II) los yog cov roj synthesis ntawm kev lag luam. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis txawv. Conventionally, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg hauv qab no.

- Synthesis ntawm zinc-chromium catalysts ntawm kev kub siab. Cov txheej txheem no yog outdated thiabhloov los ntawm ntau yam kev siv hluav taws xob qis.

- Synthesis ntawm tooj liab-zinc-aluminium catalysts ntawm qis siab. Kev siv cov kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg tuaj yeem txo cov nqi hluav taws xob rau kev tsim khoom. Nrog rau txoj kev tsim khoom no, qib siab ntawm kev ua kom huv ntawm cov khoom siv raw los ntawm impurities uas cuam tshuam rau cov catalyst yog xav tau.

- Synthesis ntawm methanol nyob rau hauv peb-theem system, uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ncua kev kawm ntawv ntawm ib tug inert kua thiab zoo catalyst. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev uas tso cai rau koj los ua kom cov khoom lag luam nce ntxiv, thaum txo cov nqi hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem kom tau txais cawv yog txhim kho. Peb-theem system yog ib qho kev siv technology siab heev.

Pom zoo: