Wheel sets wagons. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub log teeb ntawm railway wagons

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Wheel sets wagons. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub log teeb ntawm railway wagons
Wheel sets wagons. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub log teeb ntawm railway wagons

Video: Wheel sets wagons. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub log teeb ntawm railway wagons

Video: Wheel sets wagons. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub log teeb ntawm railway wagons
Video: Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm Yuav Ua Li Cas 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Cov hauv qab ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tsheb ciav hlau suav nrog ntau yam hauv nws qhov tsim, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv yog lub wheelset. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom no, thiab lawv txawv tsis tsuas yog qhov loj thiab cov duab, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau yam loads. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, tus yam ntxwv no yog txiav txim siab rau lub neej ua hauj lwm ntawm lub chassis. Cov neeg tsim khoom pib muab nws cov ntsiab lus nrog lub peev xwm ua haujlwm siab, tab sis, tau kawg, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Txawm hais tias lub hom phiaj thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv kev thauj mus los, lub log ntawm cov wagons yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo. Los ntawm txoj kev, theem pib hnav thiab tsim kua muag yog qhov tshwm sim ib txwm muaj - lwm yam yog cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas cov chaw nyob ze kom tawg thiab ua haujlwm kho kom tsim nyog.

Cas of fails

wagon wheelsets
wagon wheelsets

Txawm hais tias siv cov qauv tsim muaj zog nrog cov hlau alloys muaj zog, muaj zog dynamic thiab zoo li qub tuaj yeem ua rau tsis tsuas yog hnav, tab sis kuj rau deformation. Qhov feem ntau raug rau xws li phenomenalog khub ntawm freight tsheb, txij li thaum lub sij hawm lub zog ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau muaj ib tug nce voltage nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm cov ntsia hlau thiab log. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txo qis qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam zoo li no, cov kws tshaj lij suav nrog cov pa roj carbon ntau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom thauj tuaj yeem nce ntxiv yog tias cov neeg coob tab tom taug kev hla txoj kab nkhaus - qhov no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv los ntawm kev quab yuam centrifugal.

Tib lub sijhawm, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias khub rau cov neeg caij tsheb ciav hlau muaj qhov zoo heev hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom qis. Ib feem, ntawm chav kawm, qhov kev pheej hmoo tsawg dua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tab sis tag nrho cov shocks thiab shocks thaum lub sij hawm lub zog kuj kis tau mus rau lub khiav iav, vim hais tias ntawm lub wheelset ntawm cov neeg nrog caij tsheb maj mam hnav tawm. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia lwm yam uas cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej ntawm lub log. Ntawm lawv yog braking rog, skidding nyhuv, tsis xav tau kev sib cuag ntawm lub qag nrog lub tsav ib feem, kev hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem paub ntau hom kev ua txhaum ntau yam ntxiv.

Ntxhais khaus khaus ua ke

log teeb malfunctions
log teeb malfunctions

Muaj ntau pab pawg hnav li no. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog tsim ntawm ib tug niaj hnub dov, uas lub log teeb ntawm lub tsheb yog raug rau txawm nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua hauj lwm. Cov tsos ntawm xws li ib tug deformation yog vim lub fact tias thaum sib cuag nrog cov ntsia hlau thiab nres, ib tug muaj zog kev nyuaj siab yog tsim, uas entails dov rau saum npoo ntawm lub log.

Kev dov tsis sib xws kuj tshwm sim. Nws yog characterized los ntawm cov tsos ntawm deformation zones tsishla tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm thaj chaw tiv tauj, tab sis tsuas yog hauv qee qhov axes. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias lub wheelsets ntawm lub wagons tau tsim nrog ib tug unevenly faib ntawm lub zog tshaj tag nrho cov loj ntawm alloy. Ntawd yog, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov dov ua tim khawv, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, rau kev sib yuav hauv cov khub niam txiv lawv tus kheej. Tom ntej no, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia lub ncig influx. Nws tuaj yeem pom sab nraum qhov kev sib cuag ntawm lub log thaum lub zog txav mus deb ntawm ob sab ntawm lub chamfer.

Treadwear

wheelset ntawm freight wagons
wheelset ntawm freight wagons

Deformation ntawm hom no kuj tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw tiv tauj. Ib tug feature ntawm hnav yog tias nws tshwm sim thaum skidding. Yog li ntawd, qhov deformation ntawm qhov chaw dov yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nres. Visually, xws li malfunctions ntawm log teeb tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug slider - qhov no yog ib tug tiaj tus ntawm ib tug dawb hlau nto. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm ua haujlwm xws li qhov tsis xws luag tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem loj, lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus ua teeb meem ntawm lwm yam.

Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub slider muaj yuav luag ib txwm muaj kev nce ntawm cov cua sov, uas yog kis mus tob rau hauv lub log. Yog li ntawd, lub thiaj li hu ua dents yog tsim, uas entail ib tug tshwj xeeb xim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm yob. Thaum lub sij hawm, lub wheelset pib hnov mob rau txhua qhov tsis sib xws hauv "canvas", uas ua rau pom kev poob siab hauv lub chassis. Yog li ntawd, yog tias cov sliders loj dua 1 hli raug kuaj pom, ces cov kev txwv loj yog raug rau kev ceev ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub wheelset ntawm lub diesel locomotive thiab lub tsheb thauj khoom yog feem ntau raug rau xws li deformation. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev siv ntawm kev tsim cov creeper kuj nyob ntawm lub caij - piv txwv li, nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum ntxov, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim muaj ntau dua.

Axis tsis ua haujlwm

log khub kho
log khub kho

Kev ua txhaum ntawm lub caj dab thiab qhov chaw ua ntej ntawm lub hub tau qhia tias yog cov qis qis. Tej zaum yuav muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, deformation tshwm sim vim muaj kev sib txuas tsis txaus thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas kev ntxuav ntawm cov hlau los ntawm xeb tsim ua tsis raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qag ntawm lub wheelset feem ntau raug puas tsuaj thiab tawg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj loads siab tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tshwm sim vim muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cyclic, muaj cov ntu nrog cov ntu hloov pauv, thiab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej. Tau kawg, qhov kev ua tsis tiav ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsis muaj zog fastenings ntawm bolts thiab txiv ntseej tsis suav nrog.

Metal buildup

Qhov no yog qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem thermomechanical uas cuam tshuam rau lub log ntawm cov tsheb hauv qhov chaw dov. Thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam, xws li deformations kho cov shear aav ntawm cov khoom nrog ib tug U-zoo li. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib yam ntawm cov yas deformation txheej txheem. Qhov kev hloov siab tshaj plaws poob rau ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev sib cuag strip. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus hloov yuav pom nyob rau ntawm ntug. Yog vim li cas rau qhov kev puas tsuaj no yog kev faib cov khoom thauj nrog lub siab ntawm thaj chaw tiv tauj.

Kev ntsuas lub log dav dav

neeg nrog caij tsheb wheelset
neeg nrog caij tsheb wheelset

Kev tiv thaiv pab ua kom lub neej ntawm koj lub log ntev. Kev tumuab kev tshuaj xyuas, ntawv pov thawj, qhia txog kev kho kev ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias peb tham txog kev ntsuas kev ntsuas, ces qhov tseem ceeb yuav yog qhov tseeb tig ntawm lub log teeb nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov hlau tshem tawm. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev tig tau raug txo vim yog cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb txhawm rau txhim kho kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov log tsheb thiab tshem tawm qhov tsis muaj zog uas twb muaj lawm hauv lub tsheb hauv qab. Tshwj xeeb, cov kws tshaj lij nrhiav kev tshem tawm cov kev quab yuam uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab tshwm sim vim qhov tshwm sim yav dhau los. Piv txwv li, malfunctions nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-caij nplooj ntoos hlav, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm lub hauv paus khiav, raug tshem tawm.

Kho thiab rov ua haujlwm

wheelset qag
wheelset qag

Kho cov haujlwm tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuab tom qab cov khoom tau raug ntxuav kom huv si. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tuam tsev tshwj xeeb, lub log hloov, tig los yog vuam txheej xwm yog nqa tawm. Yog tias nws tau npaj los kho cov log tsheb txhawm rau hloov qhov profile ntawm lub ntsiab lus, ces kev ua haujlwm yog nqa tawm siv cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kev tso cai sib txawv hauv qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub log los ntawm cov qauv yog 1 hli raws li qhov siab ntawm qhov siab, thiab 0.5 hli raws cov npoo sab hauv thiab thaj chaw skating. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, kev siv hluav taws xob vuam tuaj yeem siv los kho. Cov cuab yeej siv no yog siv rau kev txiav axial threads thiab surfacing qhov chaw.

Zaj lus

Muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb uas piav qhia txog qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm lub log teeb, nrog rau cov txheej txheem thiab thev naus laus zis rau lawv tshem tawm thiabtiv thaiv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias lub undercarriage tag nrho yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam ntawm mechanical zog. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov peev txheej ntawm lub log tsheb tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov lem, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub braking system, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-caij nplooj ntoos hlav, hom kev txav ntawm cov neeg coob, thiab txawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo.

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