Kev suav nyiaj rau kev muag khoom. Analytical accounting ntawm tus account 44
Kev suav nyiaj rau kev muag khoom. Analytical accounting ntawm tus account 44

Video: Kev suav nyiaj rau kev muag khoom. Analytical accounting ntawm tus account 44

Video: Kev suav nyiaj rau kev muag khoom. Analytical accounting ntawm tus account 44
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Anonim

Ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb hauv kev tsom xam ntawm cov nyiaj txiag thiab kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam lag luam yog tus nqi muag khoom. Lawv yog cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim thiab muag cov khoom. Cia wb mus saib seb cov nqi muag khoom raug suav li cas.

kev muag khoom nqi accounting
kev muag khoom nqi accounting

nyiaj txiag accounting: meaning

Hnub no, kev tswj hwm tus nqi yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Nws qhov kev siv yog nyob ntawm lub koom haum ntawm accounting. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws yog nyob rau hauv kev tshaj tawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov nqi tsim nyog los txiav txim siab yog cov ntsiab lus. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm cov haujlwm yog kev suav nyiaj thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov nqi muag. Kev ntsuas tus nqi tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab lawv qhov ua tau thiab ua tau zoo, tshawb xyuas cov haujlwm zoo, npaj cov nyiaj tau los, teeb tsa tus nqi, thiab lwm yam.

Tus yam ntxwv

Cov nqi muag suav nrog cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev muag khoom, them los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom, thiab tseem koom nrog kev kawmnqi. Cia peb tig mus rau txoj cai. Raws li tsab xov xwm 252 ntawm Tax Code, cov nqi yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam ncaj ncees qhia hauv cov nyiaj ntsuab thiab sau tseg. Cov nuj nqis yuav raug suav hais tias yog cov nqi yog tias lawv tau ua rau kev ua haujlwm, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom tau nyiaj. Nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev lag luam, cov nqi tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg. Tshwj xeeb, lawv faib cov khoom tsim, muag thiab cov nqi tsis ua haujlwm.

tus nqi accounting rau kev muag khoom
tus nqi accounting rau kev muag khoom

Reflection in report

Txhawm rau sau cov ntaub ntawv, muaj tus lej muag tshwj xeeb. Nws tuaj yeem tso saib cov ntaub ntawv nqi:

  1. rau kev thauj khoom.
  2. Nyiaj.
  3. Rent.
  4. Kev tu vaj tse, thaj chaw, vaj tse, khoom muag.
  5. Kev khaws cia thiab ua tiav ntawm cov khoom.
  6. Kev tshaj tawm.
  7. Kev Sawv Cev thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam zoo sib xws.

Tag nrho cov nqi no raug xa mus rau tus account 44. Cov kab lus ntxiv tuaj yeem qhib rau nws. Cia peb nco txog qee yam ntawm lawv:

  • 44.1 - tus account sub-tsim tsim los sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nuj nqis lag luam uas tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev muag khoom lag luam.
  • 44.2 yog ib yam khoom uas tsim los sau cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem siv. Tshwj xeeb, peb tab tom tham txog cov nqi them nyiaj, cov txiaj ntsig kev sib raug zoo, kev poob qis thiab lwm yam.
  • 44.3 - sub-account, uas suav nrog cov nyiaj sau tawm rau tus nqi. Kab lus no yog xav tau rausiv txoj kev faib ib nrab.

Tag nrho cov sub-accounts no yog thawj qib. Yog tias tsim nyog, tus accountant tuaj yeem qhib cov ntawv ntxiv. Theem 2 sub-accounts muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog qee yam kev siv nyiaj.

accounting rau muag cov nuj nqis
accounting rau muag cov nuj nqis

Debit specifications

Tus lej 44 (rau debit) hloov pauv cov nuj nqis uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev lag luam ntsig txog kev ua haujlwm, khoom siv, kev pabcuam. Lawv qhov kev sau tawm yog ua tiav ntawm D-t account. 90. Yog tias nws yog ib feem, tom qab ntawd hauv cov chaw lag luam koom nrog kev lag luam, cov nqi tsheb thauj mus los yuav raug faib tawm. Tag nrho lwm cov nqi ntsig txog kev muag khoom raug them rau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom muag txhua lub hlis. Ntawm cov chaw lag luam koom nrog kev yuav khoom thiab ua cov khoom ua liaj ua teb, suav nrog cov nqi muag khoom suav nrog cov lus qhia txog cov nqi:

  1. Rau kev saib xyuas cov khoom tshwj xeeb, nrog rau cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov nqaij qaib ntawm lub hauv paus.
  2. Tus nqi yuav khoom dav dav.
  3. Lwm nuj nqis.

Yog hais tias ib feem ntawm kev sau tawm, cov hauv qab no kuj raug muab faib:

  1. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam koom nrog kev lag luam thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm, tus nqi ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab ntim khoom.
  2. Hauv cov koom haum koom nrog kev ua / sau qoob loo ntawm cov khoom ua liaj ua teb - mus rau tus account debit. 15 lossis 11 (tus nqi ntawm kev npaj cov khoom siv raw thiab cov tsiaj nyeg / nqaij qaib, feem).
tus nqi accounting rau kev muag khoom
tus nqi accounting rau kev muag khoom

Nuance

Nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia rau kev siv daim ntawv qhia nyiajNws tau qhia tias ntawm cov khw muag khoom uas coj mus rau hauv tus account cov khoom muag ntawm tus nqi muag, raws li tus account K-tu. 90 qhia tus nqi muag ntawm cov khoom. Ua ke nrog nws yog cov khoom uas sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nyiaj ntsuab thiab kev sib cog lus. Los ntawm debit 90 qhia txog phau ntawv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Teb nrog nws. 41. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev thim rov qab ntawm cov nqi luv nqi uas cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom muag tau ua tiav. Tus account offsetting ntawm no yog sc. 41.

Cov nqi khoom sib tw

Thaum suav nyiaj rau cov nqi muag, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov npe ntawm cov nqi khoom. Hauv PBU 10/99, nrog rau hauv kev muab ntawm cov nqi sib xyaw, cov khoom hauv qab no tau qhia:

  1. khoom nqi.
  2. Cov nuj nqis them nyiaj.
  3. Kev txiav tawm rau kev xav tau kev sib raug zoo.
  4. Kev poob qis.
  5. Lwm nuj nqis.

Rau cov hom phiaj kev tswj hwm, tus nqi nyiaj txiag yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom. Daim ntawv teev npe tom kawg yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam ntawm nws tus kheej.

accounting thiab tsom xam ntawm cov nqi muag khoom
accounting thiab tsom xam ntawm cov nqi muag khoom

Nyiaj

Raws li qee tus kws tshaj lij ntseeg, thaum suav cov nqi muag khoom, cov kws tshaj lij yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov nqi them nyiaj. Qhov no yog vim lub heterogeneity ntawm cov nqi no. Nyiaj hli faib:

  1. Ntawm views - ntxiv thiab lub ntsiab.
  2. Cov ntsiab lus - piecework, sijhawm, nyiaj tshwj xeeb, nyiaj poob haujlwm, thiab lwm yam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nyiaj hli nyob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua haujlwm puv sijhawm, ib nrab hnub, raws li kev cog lus cog lus. Kuj tseem muaj kev faib ua pawg: cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Nqis faib

Kev faib yog ua raws li txoj hauv kev suav nrog cov nqi hauv tus nqi. Cov nqi ncaj qha yog cov uas tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ib hom khoom tam sim ntawd raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Indirect nqi yog faib raws li txoj kev xaiv los ntawm lub tuam txhab. Raws li Tshooj 318 ntawm Tax Code, lub koom haum ntawm nws tus kheej faib cov nqi. Nws yog qhov zoo kom paub txog txhua tus nqi raws li kev tsis ncaj ncees. Hauv qhov no, ib zaug sau tawm ntawm tus nqi thaum xam cov se yuav raug ua. Thaum sau nyiaj rau cov nqi muag khoom, cov kws tshaj lij siv lawv cov kev faib tawm rau kev npaj thiab kev txiav txim siab. Nws suav nrog kev faib mus rau qhov cuam tshuam (cov uas raug coj mus rau hauv tus account) thiab tsis cuam tshuam. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog tsim nyog los txiav txim siab tus nqi muag, txiav txim siab txog kev nce qhov ntim ntawm kev muag khoom, disbanding lub lag luam ntu.

tus nqi accounting rau kev muag khoom tiav
tus nqi accounting rau kev muag khoom tiav

Tus nqi kho thiab hloov pauv

Qhov kev faib no muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Nws yog nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov nqi - qhov xwm ntawm lawv qhov kev hloov pauv nyob ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm kev ua lag luam. Cov nqi tas li hauv lawv cov nyiaj tsis hloov pauv. Lawv tus nqi tsis nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov nqi tas li muab faib ua 3 pawg:

  1. Txhua yam tsis hloov. Lawv muaj peev xwm txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub enterprise tsis ua hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem xauj tsev.
  2. Tus nqi ruaj khov los txhawb kev ua haujlwm. Lawv tau uatsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, lawv suav nrog them nqi hluav taws xob, nyiaj hli cov neeg ua haujlwm.
  3. Tus nqi kho mob raws li txoj cai. Lawv tsis hloov mus txog thaum ib qho kev muag khoom tau mus txog. Qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim yog tias lub tuam txhab pib yuav khoom tshiab, tsim kev cob qhia, thiab lwm yam.

Tus nqi hloov pauv hloov pauv raws li kev siv zog ntawm kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xam ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom, lawv yuav tas li. Tus nqi ncaj qha yeej ib txwm hloov pauv. Thaum sau nyiaj rau cov nqi muag khoom, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias cov nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam, kev ntim khoom hloov pauv nrog kev txo qis / nce hauv kev muag khoom ntim. Raws li, ib feem ntawm cov nqi muag khoom kuj tuaj yeem muab faib ua qhov sib txawv.

muag expense accounting nyiaj txiag accounting
muag expense accounting nyiaj txiag accounting

Nyiaj sib faib

Yog tias lub koom haum sau cov nqi ntawm kev muag cov khoom tiav los ntawm kev faib tawm lawv mus tas li, tom qab lub sijhawm tshaj tawm lawv yuav raug sau tag nrho rau hauv tus as-qhauj. 90. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov khoom, kev pabcuam, kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li qhov sib npaug:

  1. Muag ntim.
  2. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom muag.
  3. Nyiaj tau los ntawm kev muag khoom.

Yog tias, thaum suav txog cov nqi muag khoom, cov kws tshaj lij tau sau ib feem, tom qab ntawd, raws li tau hais los saum no, cov nqi tsheb thauj mus los thiab ntim khoom raug faib tawm. Cov nqi no ncaj qha suav nrog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, cescov nqi tuaj yeem faib rau qee yam ntawm cov khoom muag hauv kev faib ua feem rau tus nqi, ntim lossis nyiaj tau los.

nqi thauj mus los

Kev thauj mus los los ntawm ib tus neeg nruab nrab raug xa mus rau tus account 44.2. Thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm tshaj tawm, tsab xov xwm raug kaw. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev muag khoom tsis tiav, cov nqi thauj mus los yog ib feem sau tseg. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus nqi, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm cov khoom seem. Qhov no ua tau li no:

  1. Tus nqi thauj mus los yog xam, uas poob ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom thaum pib thiab xaus ntawm lub sijhawm (R tr. tam sim no + R tr. n.).
  2. Qhov taw qhia ntawm cov khoom muag thiab cov khoom seem nyob hauv lub hli tshaj tawm yog txiav txim siab.
  3. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov nqi thauj mus los rau tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom raug suav - qhov piv ntawm thawj qhov taw qhia rau qhov thib ob.
  4. Tus nqi ntawm qhov nyiaj tshuav ntawm cov khoom thaum kawg ntawm lub hli yog muab faib ua %.
  5. Tus nqi txiav tawm yog txiav txim siab.

Cov khoom saum toj no tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv ib qho qauv:

Rtr. k \u003d Sktov x ((Rtr. current + Rtr. n.): (Sktov + Obkp)), in which:

  • end balance 41 (nqe ntawm cov khoom tsis muag) - Sktov;
  • nqi tsheb thauj mus los tam sim no hauv lub sijhawm tshaj tawm - Rtr. tam sim no;
  • tus nqi tsheb thauj mus los ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom thaum pib ntawm lub hli - Rtr. n.;
  • hloov pauv ntawm K-tu tus account. 90 (Ntau ntawm cov khoom muag) – Obkp.

Cov nqi ntxiv yog pauv mus rau Dt c. 90. Tus nqi ntawm cov kev pabcuam thauj khoom muab los ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab, uas suav nrog cov khoom tsis muag, tseem nyob ntawm 44thtus account. Lawv raug coj mus rau lub sijhawm tom ntej.

Extra

Txhawm rau kom muaj kev tswj hwm zoo, raws li ntau tus kws tshaj lij, nws raug nquahu kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nqi muag khoom los ntawm lub luag haujlwm cov chaw haujlwm. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau lub koom haum hloov pauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem tshaj tawm kom cov nyiaj tau los thiab cov nqi tau sau tseg thiab cuam tshuam rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qee qib. Hauv lwm lo lus, txhua chav ua lag luam tsuas yog ris lub nra nrog cov nqi thiab cov nyiaj tau los uas nws tswj hwm thiab ua lub luag haujlwm.

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