Kev Txhim Kho ntawm cov slab hauv pem teb: cov lus qhia ua ntu zus, nta thiab kos duab

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov flooring nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho cov tsev qis qis yog cov pob zeb ua pob zeb ua pob zeb. Tab sis rau lawv cov installation, yuav tsum nqa cov khoom siv, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov nqi kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ntawm lwm yam, npaj txhij-ua platform yog siv rau cov tsev nrog cov duab yooj yim.

Ib tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom nyiam ua lub qab nthab ntawm lawv tus kheej, siv cov pob zeb ntxiv. Txoj kev no yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cov khoom uas yuav tsum muaj qhov tsis xwm yeem geometry. Tag nrho cov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso tseg cov qauv thiab tsim cov vaj tsev architecturally complex.

Vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov slab

Txhim kho hauv pem teb slab yog ua los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis subtleties. Qhov no tso cai rau cov khoom siv rau ntau xyoo lawm. Thaum pouring, nyias ceilings tau txais uas tsis muaj seams, thiab cov plag tsev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yuav tsum tau siv zog thiab kim kho thaum tha xim sab hauv.

Txhim kho hauv pem teb slab tso cai rau txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv piv rau prefabricated reinforced pob zeb slabs, tab sis qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau lub zog. Kev thauj khoom ntawm lub hauv paus yog txo, vim tias siv cov khoom siv sib dua. Tsis hais lub zog. Pob zeb thiab hlau tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Lub platform yog siv los npog loj-ntev thiab thauj khoom.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm kev txhawb nqa

Kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov pob zeb hauv pem teb kuj tau ua kom ntseeg tau. Cov qauv tau txais kev ua haujlwm siab rau kev thauj khoom vim yog siv cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa. Lawv tau txais lub peev xwm los ua siab ntev txog 800 kg / m 2. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov khoom siv kuj tuaj yeem raug hluav taws kub, vim tias cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem tawg.

Lub qhov cub tsis txhawb kev sib txuas, tiv taus qhov hluav taws kub qhib rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov nqi sib tshooj tsis pub tshaj tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv lub Hoobkas. Qhov chaw yuav tsim yuav txiav txim tus nqi.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho hauv pem teb slab suav nrog kev siv thev naus laus zis uas muab sijhawm txaus rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm kev npaj chaw. Lub platform nyob rau tib lub sij hawm hloov mus ua ib tug heev ruaj, nws withstands siab loads, tsis pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm fungus thiab kab, raws li zoo raws li cov kab mob phem. Kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li cov cai. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txuag cov khoom siv hauv tsev, vim lub qab nthab tuaj yeem deformed, uas yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov slab thiab tag nrho lub tsev.

Ssiv ib tug tshem tau formwork, lub qab nthab yog poured, thaum yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau hauv. Steel rods yog khi nrog hlau. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv vuam. Lub thav duab yog positioned kom nws yog kiag li recessed rau hauv lub pob zeb tov. Cov fittings siv lub load, thiab cov tshuaj tsis suav nrog cov pa oxygen, uas cuam tshuam rau cov hlau tsis zoo.

Qhia cov khoom ntxiv

Thaum teeb tsa lub tswv yim txhawb nqa, kev pab txhawb nqa yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub platform, qhov twg cov loads yog concentrated, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub point ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm lub qab nthab thiab lub qhov. Kev pab txhawb ntxiv yuav tsum yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm lub monolith nrog cov phab ntsa sab hauv, kab thiab arches.

Raws li qhov siab ntawm cov khoom thauj, qhov no peb tab tom tham txog cov cuab yeej hnyav lossis qhov cub. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv kuj tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw tawm ntawm tus ntaiv mus rau pem teb sab saud, nrog rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev nkag ntawm cov kav dej chimney lossis cov khoom cua.

cov lus qhia ib ntus

Txhim kho ntawm lub tsev prefabricated slab yog nqa tawm tom qab xam cov thickness ntawm lub reinforcement, uas yuav nyob ntawm seb qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv pem teb. Yog hais tias lub suab ntawm cov kabmob txhawb nqa yog 5 m, lub thickness ntawm lub platform yuav tsum yog 170 hli. Thaum xam, qhov piv ntawm 1 mus rau 30 yuav tsum tau siv, tab sis nrog cov qauv tuab ntawm tsawg dua 150 hli, nws tsis tuaj yeem tso cai rau kev khiav lag luam. Yog tias lub thickness ntawm qhov sib tshooj muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness, ces cov khoom seem yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qhotxheej. Raws li qhov ntsuas no nce, cov txheej txheem kuj nce mus rau ob.

Rau mortar, koj yuav tsum yuav pob zeb qib M-200 lossis siab dua. Lub hom phiaj no muab cov nqi pheej yig thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Cov chav kawm compressive yuav tsum yog 150 kgf / cm2. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlau tuav siv tau ncav cuag 14 hli, qhov tsawg kawg yog 8 hli. Yog hais tias cov hlau rods tau teem rau hauv 2 txheej, ces txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov dov hlau ntawm thawj kab yuav tsum loj tshaj qhov uas nyob rau saum.

Ua haujlwm ntawm laj kab

Tau txiav txim siab cov duab kos ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov pob zeb hauv pem teb monolithic, uas muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, thev naus laus zis muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm formwork los ntawm noo noo-resistant plywood lossis boards. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem ua ke. Cov kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo, vim tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau nchuav yog 300 kg ib square meter. Cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa tuaj yeem yog telescopic jack stands. Lawv tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa qhov siab xav tau nrog cov neeg siab. Kev txhawb nqa tuaj yeem nqa txog 2.5 kg.

haujlwm ua haujlwm

Cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho hauv pem teb yog npaj rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tab sis nws txoj kev coj ua tsis yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm kev ua tiav. Koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, hais txog lub formwork, nws yog ib tug tshem tau cov qauv, uas muaj boards 150 x 25 mm. Lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm muab lub qab nthab zoo kawg nkaus, vim tias lub thickness ntawm cov ntoo raug tso caiyuam kev. Irregularities yuav muab zais nyob rau hauv lub plaster. Qhov no muaj tseeb yog tias koj npaj yuav ua haujlwm ntawm cov ceilings raug tshem tawm. Yog hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm lub tiaj tiaj yog qhov tseem ceeb, laminated 22 hli plywood tuaj yeem siv los hloov cov boards. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li formwork yuav raug nqi ntau dua.

Nws yog kev lag luam ntau dua los siv cov npoo npoo ua lub hauv paus, nyob rau saum cov plywood 8 hli. Ua ntej ntxiv dag zog rau lub pob zeb hauv pem teb, koj tuaj yeem npaj cov laug cam 150 x 50 mm, uas tau teeb tsa nyob ib puag ncig ntawm chav tsev thiab yuav yog formwork. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab hla hla yog 800 mm lossis tsawg dua. Nyob rau hauv lawv, telescopic racks lossis kev txhawb nqa raug teeb tsa nruj raws li qib.

150 x 25 mm boards yog nteg tawm rau saum tus ncej. Lawv fastening rau hauv paus tsis tas yuav tsum tau, txwv tsis pub, tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, nws yuav nyuaj rau dismantle lub formwork. Cov nplooj ntawv plywood yuav tsum tau muab tso rau saum cov laug cam. Yuav kom cov ntaub ntawv formwork siv rau lwm lub hom phiaj, cov qauv yuav tsum tau them nrog yas qhwv. Cov nplooj ntawv yuav tsum tau muab tso nrog qhov sib tshooj ntawm 200 mm. Thaum ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom jams.

cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Yog tias lub slab yuav ua haujlwm hauv qab lub ru tsev, es tsis txhob sab laug, koj tuaj yeem siv cib lossis cellular block boards. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov slab, lub formwork yuav tsum tau dismantled, tsis tawg. Tag nrho cov fasteners txuas nrog qhov no yuav tsum nyob sab nraud.

Rebar

Qhov piv txwv ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub pob zeb hauv pem teb uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus hais txog kev siv lub mesh uas khi nws tus kheej. Cov pas nrig yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov ntev, thaum qhov khoob yuav tsum tsis suav nrog. Yog tias xav tau txoj hlua khi, cov khoom hlau yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib tshooj ntawm 0.5 m. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov pas nrig sib tshuam, lawv yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov hlau lossis lub tshuab vuam. Spot vuam yog pom zoo thaum siv rebar ntawm impressive txoj kab uas hla. Cov pas nrig nyias hauv cov txheej txheem yuav dhau los ua nyias, uas yuav txo tau lub zog ntawm cov hlau thiab ua rau poob ntawm cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm lub phaj.

Tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov duab kos ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov pob zeb hauv pem teb, koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau khaws cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv, uas yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov tshwj xeeb nuv. Nws yog siv rau knitting. Tab sis nws daim ntawv thov yuav xav tau qee yam txuj ci. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm koj lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov pliers. Cov npav hlau yuav ua rau cov txheej txheem yooj yim dua. Lawv tau pw nrog ib qho sib tshooj hauv 2 lub hlwb. Kev kho yog nqa tawm nrog ib lub xaim.

Cov ncej steel yuav tsum tsis txhob so rau hauv qab ntawm lub formwork. Nws yog ntsia rau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov vuas, pob zeb lossis cib. Yog hais tias lub thickness ntawm cov pob zeb reinforced slab yog ntau tshaj 150 hli, ces lwm txheej ntawm lub lattice yog knitted. Cov txheej thib ob yuav tsum nyob ntawm qee qhov deb ntawm thawj zaug, thaum cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus yog npog nrog cov pob zeb ua pob zeb.

Kev txiav txim siab

Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum suav qhov kev txhawb nqamonolithic pem teb slab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj muaj peev xwm coj mus rau hauv tus account lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub tsev, uas nyob rau hauv cov piv txwv yuav muab sib npaug zos rau 6 x 6 m. Transverse phab ntsa raug coj mus rau hauv tus account ntawm no.

Lub thickness ntawm lub phaj yuav yog 160 hli. Qhov hla ntawm lub qab nthab, suav nrog kev txhawb nqa steel, yog 14 cm ². Kev tsim kho yuav ua raws li qib B200 pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev xam ntawm lub reinforcement ntawm lub hauv pem teb slab yuav zoo li no: Rb=117 kg/cm², Rbin=14.3 kg / cm^{2, Eb=3.110'5kg/cm. Cov fittings siv sib xws rau chav kawm A-500C. Kev suav ntxiv yog raws li nram no: Rs=4500 kg/cm}2^{, E2=5.510 '5 kg / cm. Yog tias peb siv AKP-SP fiberglass reinforcement hauv peb txoj haujlwm, cov kev suav yuav zoo sib txawv: Rs=12,000 kg/cm}2^{, E=5.510 '5 kg / saib}

Qhia ua piv txwv

Yog tias koj tsis muaj kev paub txaus, koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa hauv pem teb. Lub siab ntawm cov qauv yuav yog vertically downward, thiab faib thoob plaws cheeb tsam. Lub sab sauv ntawm lub pob tawb yuav siv sij hawm compressive loads, thaum lub hauv qab yuav siv sij hawm tensile loads. Cov rods yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub formwork thiab khi ua ke nrog hlau. Cov pas nrig tuab yog siv rau qis mesh.

Yog tias lub phaj muaj qhov tuab ntawm 180 txog 200 hli, qhov nrug ntawm 100 txog 125 hli yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas ntawm cov kab sib chaws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov clamps los ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog. Cov pas nrig ntev yog khoov rau hauv daim ntawv L thiab muab tso rau hauv meter increments.

Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas xav tau kev txhawb nqa, qhov kev ncua deb yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg li 40 cm. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog qhov chaw.kev sib txuas nrog kev txhawb nqa, qhov nruab nrab thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws. Nyeem cov lus qhia rau kev txhawb nqa lub dwg-format floor slab, koj tuaj yeem pom tias 25 cm txheej ntawm pob zeb yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv qab kab sib chaws. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov loj me no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nteg tawm yas coasters nyob rau hauv lub reinforcing units, uas yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ib tug kho vajtse khw. Lawv qee zaum hloov nrog cov ntoo tuav, tsau rau lub hauv paus ntawm formwork nrog tus kheej tapping screws. Sab saum toj mesh ntawm tus ncej yog sau nrog tib txheej.

Hollow core slab reinforcement

Txhim kho ntawm lub hollow core slab yuav tsum tsis txhob nrog los ntawm kev ua qhov ntxiv rau kev sib txuas lus. Rau qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav daim hlau, qhov kev txhawb zog uas tau ua nrog kev txhawb nqa prestressing. Txwv tsis pub, lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom yuav raug txo.

Tom qab tshuaj xyuas GOST 9561-91, koj yuav tuaj yeem kawm txog ntau qhov kev zam hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm qee hom hollow core panels. Lawv raug tso cai kom tsis txhob siv kev txhawb zog ntawm kev txhawb zog. Xws li panels muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 220 hli, thiab lawv ntev yog 4,780 hli. Lub qhov taub nws txawv ntawm 140 mus rau 159 mm. Nyob rau hauv kev xam ntawm lub reinforcement ntawm ib tug ribbed pem teb slab, nws yog tsim nyog los xam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub compressive zog ntawm pob zeb (11.5 MPa), uas yog 117 kgf / cm 2. Cov fittings siv sib raug rau cov chav kawm AIII. Tus tsim tensile zog yog 355 MPa.

Yog hais tias lub concreting ntawm cov kab teeb yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyias los ntawm lub hauv pem teb slab, ces lawv xam yuav tsis txawv.los ntawm dab tsi yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pa reinforced pob zeb duab plaub kab teeb. Yog hais tias concreting yog nqa tawm ib txhij, ces cov kab teeb yuav raug suav hais tias yog T-beams.