Gorkovskaya HPP hauv Russia
Gorkovskaya HPP hauv Russia

Video: Gorkovskaya HPP hauv Russia

Video: Gorkovskaya HPP hauv Russia
Video: Lis Yaj Pov : Plaub Ntug Txiav Kev Hlub 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Gorkovskaya HPP yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob qis qis-ntawm-tus dej siv hluav taws xob rau ntawm Volga. Nws nyob hauv thaj av Nizhny Novgorod thiab txuas lub nroog Zavolzhye thiab Gorodets. HPP muaj peev xwm yog 1513 lab kW / h, qhov chaw nres tsheb yog theem plaub ntawm Volga-Kama cascade ntawm hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag. Hnub no nws yog ib feem ntawm lub koom haum lub zog RusHydro.

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Pib kev tsim kho

Kev tsim kho ntawm Gorkovskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau pib hauv xyoo 1948, lub teb chaws, nyuam qhuav rov qab los ntawm kev ua tsov rog loj heev, xav tau kev siv zog txaus los kho kev lag luam. Qhov chaw nres tsheb tau dhau los ua qhov chaw sim rau kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev tshawb pom. Ntau tshaj 15 txhiab tus neeg tau koom nrog nws txoj kev tsim kho. Lub nroog ib puag ncig, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov chaw lag luam tau tsim ua ib txhij nrog lub pas dej ua ke. Tom qab tso tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, lub nroog ntawm Gorodets thiab Zavolzhye tau txais kev txhawb nqa rau kev tsim kho tsis yog tsuas yog kev tsim khoom, tab sis kuj muaj kev sib raug zoo.

Kev tsim kho ntawm Gorky hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb
Kev tsim kho ntawm Gorky hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho ntawm Gorkovskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hauv Zavolzhye thiab Gorodets, txog 8.5 txhiab lub tsev ntiag tug thiabNtau tshaj 700 lub tuam tsev tseemfwv los ntawm cov zos nyob ib puag ncig uas poob rau hauv txoj kev npaj dej nyab. Los ntawm xyoo 1951, 2 lub cheeb tsam me me uas muaj kev sib raug zoo tiav tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, suav nrog tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, tsev ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab lwm yam chaw.

Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1951, kev npaj ua tiav tiav, kev tso pob zeb pib. Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim, ib tug memorial plaque tau pw nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawj hwj chim unit. Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj ntawm tib lub xyoo, lub technical design ntawm Gorkovskaya HPP thaum kawg tau saws. Thaum xyoo 1953, lub tsev ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob thiab cov xauv tau raug tsim kho.

theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Lub Yim Hli 12, 1953, lub qhov dej ntawm Gorkovskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau ua tiav, ob hnub tom qab thawj lub nkoj raug tso tawm los ntawm cov xauv. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 24 ntawm tib lub xyoo, qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb tau tshwm sim - hauv 10 teev xwb, Volga channel raug thaiv. Cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov kws tsim qauv siv txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm cov channel - cov tsheb thauj khoom pov tseg cov pob zeb loj thiab tshwj xeeb cam khwb cia rau hauv Volga los ntawm tus choj tsim lub pas dej.

Lub pas dej ntawm Gorkovskaya HPP thaum Lub Kaum Hli 25, 1955 tau ntim rau lub cim ntawm 75 meters. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj ntawm tib lub xyoo, thawj chav dej hluav taws xob tau tsim tawm, thiab nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis peb tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Plaub lub tshuab hydraulic txuas ntxiv tau raug teeb tsa thiab tsim tawm thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1956. Kev ntim dej ntawm lub pas dej mus rau theem ua haujlwm tau ua tiav thaum Lub Xya Hli 1957.

Gorkovskaya HPP yees duab
Gorkovskaya HPP yees duab

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1959, lub peev xwm ntawm Gorkovskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob tau mus txog lub hom phiaj, uas yog 520 MW. Lub chaw nres tsheb tau muab tso rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 29. Xyoo 1961. Cov khoom tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no "Nizhny Novgorod HPP" hauv xyoo 1991.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Tag nrho cov dams ntawm Gorkovskaya chaw nres tsheb fais fab fais fab tau ncav cuag ntau dua 18.6 mais, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau lub tebchaws thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho. Cov qauv hydraulic suav nrog:

  • Spillway Dam.
  • Seven filling earth dams.
  • 3 dams.
  • Shipping xauv.
  • Lub tsev ntawm Gorky HPP.

Qhov project ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog tsim los ntawm Hydroproject Institute. Lub peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog 520 MW, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo cov zis nce mus txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 1.51 billion kWh. Lub turbine nrog muaj 8 hydraulic units nrog rotary-blade turbines, txhua tus muaj peev xwm ntawm 65 MW. Cov turbines tau tsim thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb los ntawm Leningrad cog Electrosila.

Gorkovskaya HPP sau lub qhov
Gorkovskaya HPP sau lub qhov

Qhov ntev ntawm lub siab ua ntej stretches rau 13 km (Gorky Hiav Txwv), qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub pas dej Gorkovskaya HPP yog 40 meters. Lub pas dej da dej muaj qhov ntev ntawm 291 meters, tus naj npawb ntawm cov spans muaj 12 cov qauv nrog qhov dav ntawm 20 meters.

Navigation chaw

Kev taw qhia chaw ntawm Gorkovskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob muaj xws li plaub lub xauv, qhov chaw tawm sab saud, thiab thaj chaw dej hauv qab. Tus tsim ntawm lub xauv yog ob chav chamber, txhua lub chamber yog cov qauv sib cais hauv cov pas dej sab saud thiab qis. Ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw navigable yog sib cais los ntawm lub pas dej nruab nrab, uas lub chaw kho nkoj Gorodetsky nyob, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj no cov dej ntws nyob ntawm no.

Nyob rau saum lub damGorkovskaya HPP hla los ntawm ob txoj kab kev loj txuas nrog lub nroog Zavolzhye thiab Gorodets. Ib txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau nrog qhov kawg tuag nyob rau hauv chav cav ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydroelectric tau muab tso rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb.

Kev ua haujlwm

Gorkovskaya HPP yog ib lub chaw thauj khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab lub zog loj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj - muab lub zog rau lub cheeb tsam - kev tsim kho ntawm lub hydroelectric complex txhim kho navigation raws lub Volga. Ua haujlwm los txhim kho qhov tsim ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb pib thaum nws tsim kho. Hauv xyoo 1960, lub log chambers ntawm hydraulic units tau lined nrog stainless hlau. Txog xyoo 1986, kev tsim kho ib nrab ntawm cov chav dej hauv lawv tus kheej tau ua tiav.

qhov siab ntawm lub pas dej ua ke ntawm Gorky HPP
qhov siab ntawm lub pas dej ua ke ntawm Gorky HPP

Hauv xyoo 1991, Gorky HPP tau hloov npe hu ua Nizhny Novgorod. Ib xyoos tom qab, lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob tau txais kev cai lij choj ntawm ib ceg ntawm RAO UES ntawm Russia. Xyoo 1993, Nizhegorodskaya HPP tau koom ua ke thiab sau npe ua OJSC. Txij li thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2004, lub tuam txhab tau los tswj hwm ntawm RusHydro.

Uniqueness and value

Gorkovskaya HPP hauv Russia tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev qhia txog ntau yam kev tsim kho tshiab. Thawj zaug, thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug hydroelectric complex, vibro-immersion ntawm ib daim ntawv pawg tau muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum. Qhov kev txav no tau txo cov nqi tsim kho los ntawm 43%.

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho lub tsev, Konstantin Sevenard, uas yog tus thawj kws ua haujlwm ntawm HPP, tau thov thiab ua tiav kev tsim kho cov ntaub thaiv dej khov hauv av. Cov thev naus laus zis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub cov dej ntws mus rau hauv lub qhov dej, qhov chaw tsim cov qauv tseem ceeb.

Ib qhov project tau ua tiav thawj zaug ntawm Gorkovskaya HPPkev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev qis, uas tso cai rau tso hydraulic units hauv chav cav nrog kev nkag mus rau kev saib xyuas los ntawm ib qho crane sab nraud, nrog lub peev xwm nqa ntawm 500/50 tons.

gorkovskaya hydroelectric chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Russia
gorkovskaya hydroelectric chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Russia

Kev tsim kho ntawm Nizhny Novgorod chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau daws ntau yam teeb meem ceev - kev tsim hluav taws xob pheej yig los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev sib sib zog nqus dej hiav txwv raws Volga, muaj peev xwm hla cov nkoj loj loj. Lub pas dej ua ke txuas ob lub ntug dej ntawm tus dej, uas tau txhim kho kev thauj mus los hauv cheeb tsam.

Reconstruction

Txij li xyoo 2012, Gorkovskaya HPP tau siv lub ntiaj teb kev hloov kho tshiab. Qhov project yuav tsum ua kom tiav hauv 2020. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, cov hniav ntawm transformer turbines raug hloov, cov kev tswj ntawm cov units yog modernized, thiab cov khoom siv crane raug hloov.

Ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm yog hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hydraulic, nrog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tshuab muaj zog dua. Tom qab ua tiav cov theem no, lub peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv dej yuav ncav cuag 560 MW. Ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis ruaj khov, lub rooj vag ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom raug hloov pauv.

museum

Duab ntawm Gorkovskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub, tuaj yeem pom ntau tus hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej rau kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho ntawm chaw nres tsheb. Qhov kev nthuav qhia tau qhib rau xyoo 2008 thiab qhia meej meej tias lub teb chaws lub zog muaj peev xwm loj hlob li cas. Cov sawv cev qhia txog lub zeem muag thiab cov phiaj xwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam tsis muaj tsawg dua.

Nizhegorodskaya HPP
Nizhegorodskaya HPP

Cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim tshwj xeebhuab cua nyob rau hauv lub halls. Cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj coj los ua ntau yam qauv ntawm Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station. Hauv cov chav tsev, ntxiv rau cov khoom siv keeb kwm los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm digitized tau raug sau tseg, uas tuaj yeem saib tau siv cov panels kov.

Daim duab qhia hluav taws xob thiab cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj txaus siab rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Piv txwv li, qhov kev nthuav qhia me me "Lub Tshuab Dej" yog qhov pib ntawm zaj dab neeg hais txog dab tsi hydro turbine yog thiab deb npaum li cas thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ntawm nws cov qauv.

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