Miatlinskaya HPP: piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Miatlinskaya HPP belongs rau Sulan cascade ntawm HPPs. Qhov chaw nres tsheb yog nyob ntawm tus dej Sulak hauv Dagestan, ze ntawm lub zos Miatli. Nws ua peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - nws tsim hluav taws xob, yog tus tswj hwm ntawm Chirkeyskaya hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb (nyob rau sab saud ntawm tus dej), muab dej los ntawm lub reservoir mus rau lub nroog Makhachkala (lub peev ntawm Dagestan). Qhov chaw nres tsheb, piv nrog ntau yam khoom ntawm hom no, yog qhov me me, tab sis tshwj xeeb hauv cov qauv thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim kho. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov kev pab cuam modernization rau tag nrho lub zog complex ntawm Russia, lub chaw nres tsheb yog reconstructed.

Pib

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho ntawm Chirkey hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb, nws tau pom tseeb tias cov dej tso tawm yuav tsum tau hloov kho, yog li xyoo 1973 nws tau txiav txim siab pib tsim lwm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm tau ua nyob rau hauv lub roob nyuaj. Thawj tus thawj coj ua haujlwm yog tus kws tshaj lij arch dam zoo tshaj plaws DA. Shandalov, uas tau tawm hauv lub tebchaws sai sai tom qab pib ua haujlwm, tsis pom tias Miatlinskaya HPP yuav pib li cas.

keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm chaw nres tsheb yog qhov nyuaj heev. Xyoo 1976, qhov kev khawb ntawm txoj kev loj tau pib, uas ua rau txoj kev nqes hav hloov mus thiab muaj av qeeg rau ntawm ntug dej sab xis.dej ntws, qhov twg ob peb yam khoom ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb yav tom ntej twb sawv lawm. Cov kws tshaj lij tau sim kho qhov xwm txheej nrog kev pab ntawm cov qauv engineering, tab sis qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg tseem nyob.

Txoj kev tsim kho

Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom yav tom ntej, lawv pom qhov chaw ob mais hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej. Cov kev hloov pauv no ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke, nws xav tau kev tsim kho ntawm lub pas dej loj (inch 25 meters, qhov tob - 76 meters), txoj kab sib txawv (1700 meters), thiab autotunnel (1500 meters) ntawm sab laug bank..

Kev sib tshooj ntawm tus dej Sulak tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1980, uas tau hloov pauv cov dej ntws los ntawm qhov khawb av. Rau lub meej mom ntawm cov builders yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub complex qauv ntawm lub koov pas dej ua ke tau tsim nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib lub caij. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis tshiab ntawm kev ua vaj tse pob zeb tau ua tiav, thawj lub ncuav tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1983, tib lub sijhawm autotunnel raug txiav. Txoj kev loj thiab tus choj tau qhib rau kev tsheb khiav hauv xyoo 1984.

thawj zaug

Xyoo 1985, kev teeb tsa ntawm thawj chav tsev tau pib, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo muaj kev npaj dej nyab ntawm lub pas dej. Miatlinskaya HPP tau tsim thawj chav dej hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1985, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1986 nws tau muab kev lag luam tam sim no, nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov lub chav dej thib ob tau tsim tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, uas yog qhov pib ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tag nrho.

Lub pas dej ua ke tau ntim rau ntawm qhov phiaj xwm ntawm 154 mais hauv xyoo 1987. Lub surge tank ntawm Miatlinskaya HPP muajqhov ntev yog hais txog 15 kilometers nrog qhov dav ntawm 300 meters, qhov tob mus txog 60 meters. Qhov chaw dej hiav txwv ntawm lub qhov ncauj muaj qhov ntim ntawm 13.3 km. cubic meters, thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo yog hais txog 14 m³, tag nrho cov pab tau catchment peev yog los ntawm 16.2 mus rau 32.7 km. kub Cov dej ntws tawm los ntawm cov chaw yog 3000 m ^{3/ s ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub reservoir, 151 hectares ntawm ua liaj ua teb av poob nyob rau hauv dej nyab.}

Miatlinskaya HPP: Txheej txheem cej luam

Kev piav qhia ntawm chaw nres tsheb:

• Arch dam. Tus tsim siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb yog ib qho ntawm cov cim thiab complex. Tsuas yog peb lub pas dej ua ke tau tsim hauv USSR - Meatlinskaya HPP, Chirkeyskaya HPP, thiab Gunibskaya HPP. Lub pas dej tauv yog 86.5 meters siab thiab 179 meters ntev.
• Kev tsim kho qhov.
• HPP lub tsev nyob ntawm ntug dej Sulak.
• Equational reservoir.
• Turbine conduits.
• Diversion tunnel coj los ntawm lub pas dej.

Miatlinskaya chaw nres tsheb fais fab fais fab yog ib tsob nroj me me, nws lub peev xwm yog 220 MW, yuav luag 700 lab kWh tsim tawm ib xyoos. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob, txhua qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 110 MW, nrog cov dej siab ntawm 46 meters ib ob. Qhov chaw nres tsheb tau tsim los ntawm lub koom haum Lengidroproekt.

Teeb meem ntawm dej turbines

Lub Miatlinskaya HPP ntawm tus dej Sulak tau raug tsim kho txij li xyoo 2014. Txij thaum pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws tau muab tawm tias ntawm cov hniav ntawm hydraulic turbines sai sai tshwm simtawg, uas yuav tsum tau kho tas li. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa tsis txawv ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lwm qhov chaw nres tsheb, tab sis cov xwm txheej uas lawv tau nyob yog qhov hnyav, qhov ceev ntawm dej txav yog 46 meters ib ob, uas ua rau cov hniav tuaj yeem siv tsis tau.

Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov xav tau hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, nws tau dhau los ua kom muaj hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov kev pab cuam kho tshiab, RusHydro tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pom zoo nrog Austrian chaw tsim tshuaj paus Voith Hydro rau kev muab thiab hloov impellers rau ob qho tib si hydroelectric units.

Reconstruction

Nyob rau xyoo 2015, kev tsim kho thawj zaug hydraulic turbine tau ua tiav, qhov twg, raws li tau npaj tseg, lub impeller tau hloov pauv. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog xya hniav uas muaj zog zog (2 tons ntxiv rau txhua tus hniav), tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub log mus txog 128 tons. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm, cov roj siab hauv kev tswj hwm tau nce mus rau 63 cua (nws yog 40 atm.), Cov kauj ruam no tau ua kom txo tau cov roj noj thiab txhim kho ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev ntsuas tau ua kom muaj kev nce ntxiv, thiab yav tom ntej cog lus tias yuav muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv.

Ntxiv rau lub log ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, kev tswj hwm, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub hau npog ntawm hydro turbine tau hloov. Turbine zog tau nce mus rau 113 MW. Qhov thib ob hydro turbine yuav tsum mus dhau tib theem ntawm kev tsim kho, tab sis kev ua haujlwm tau qeeb.

Npaj ua haujlwm

Qhov chaw uas Miatlinskaya chaw nres tsheb fais fab fais fab yog nyob rau thaj tsam pob zeb, thiab Sulak River feem ntau "tsis zoo", yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev teem sijhawm tshuaj xyuas, kho thiab tu cov kwj dej ntws mus rau xyuas kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydroelectric. Kev tiv thaiv tau ua tiav ib zaug txhua peb caug xyoo, uas tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2016.

Txij li thaum pib ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tau tso dej tawm, nws qhov siab yog 12 meters, thiab qhov dav yog li 15 meters, qhov ntev yog 1.7 km. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kav dej, nws yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv qab dej thiab npaj cov rooj vag thiab cov thoob khib nyiab pov tseg rau kev nqa, tom qab ntawd kaw cov ntu thiab pib ntws cov kav dej. Cov rooj vag yog nqa nrog cranes, lawv yog cov qauv ntau-tuj uas tuaj yeem teeb tsa nrog kev pab ntawm thev naus laus zis.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub qhov tau ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm laser scanning thiab hauv txoj kev ib txwm muaj - los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tus kheej. Cov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb (kawg, qhov khoob) tsis raug txheeb xyuas, lub thickness thiab solidity ntawm pob zeb casting tsis tau ua txhaum nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw. Kev kho me me tseem xav tau. Kev txhaws ntawm cov kav dej tau tshwm sim raws li tau npaj tseg - lub qhov rooj qhib tsuas yog 15 centimeters, tab sis qhov no txaus rau tons ntawm cov dej pib ntws mus rau hauv qhov system. Niaj hnub no, Miatlinskaya HPP ua haujlwm li qub.