Technology loj hlob champignons hauv tsev rau cov pib tshiab

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Champignons yog cov khoom lag luam nrov, noj qab haus huv thiab qab. Txawm hais tias lawv cov nqi, kev sib tw tsis nyob ntawm cov txee hauv khw. Hom nceb no tau loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, thiab kev loj hlob champignons hauv tsev tsis ntev los no tau dhau los ua fashionable.

hom khoom no muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb: qabzib, carbohydrates, vitamins, yooj yim digestible rog, thiab amino acids. Cov nceb tuaj yeem boiled, kib, marinated thiab ci. Qhov no muaj ntau yam saj zoo heev thiab yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau nqaij.

Champignons in nature

Txoj kev loj hlob champignons hauv tsev yog qhov yooj yim, txhua tus uas xav cog cov nceb noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem paub nws. Kev yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev cog qoob loo yog vim qhov tseeb tias hom nceb no loj hlob txhua qhov chaw hauv qhov xwm txheej: ntawm cov npoo, hauv cov nyom, hauv cov nyom, hauv hav zoov - nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas cov av noo txaus rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag..

Thaum loj hlobnceb hauv tsev, lawv tuaj yeem cog rau hauv vaj, hauv vaj, hauv qab daus, tsev cog khoom, chaw nres tsheb, cellar. Cov nceb loj hlob zoo nyob qhov twg huab cua kub tsis nce siab tshaj nees nkaum degrees, thiab cov av noo tsawg kawg yog yim caum feem pua. Teeb pom kev zoo tsis cuam tshuam rau cov nceb nceb.

Npaj cog hauv tsev

Rau qhov ua tiav kev cog qoob loo ntawm champignons hauv tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev npaj ua ntej rau cov txheej txheem no. Nws muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

1. Xaiv qhov twg nceb yuav loj hlob.
2. Kev tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm thaj chaw.
3. Tsim kom pom qhov microclimate.
4. Npaj av rau cog nceb.
5. Champignon ntau yam xaiv.

Nrog lub koom haum zoo ntawm qhov chaw, nceb tuaj yeem sau tau txhua xyoo. Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog npaj qhov chaw kom loj hlob, thiab cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog qhov yooj yim heev.

Tam sim no, muaj txog tsib caug ntau yam ntawm champignons, uas muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm qhov tsos. Lawv txawv ntawm cov xim ntawm lub hau, nws cov qauv, nrog rau lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom.

kev xaiv loj hlob

Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev los cog champignons hauv tsev. Rau cov pib tshiab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab seb txoj kev twg yog qhov tsim nyog:

1. Loj hlob hauv txaj. Cov tshuab no suav tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab zoo tagnrho rau kev siv tus kheej, tab sis tsis yog raukev lag luam. Txoj kev no muaj qhov tsis zoo: yog tias lub substrate muaj kab mob, nws yuav tsum tau hloov tag nrho, uas tsis yooj yim heev.
2. Loj hlob hauv hnab lossis thawv. Cov hom kev cog qoob loo no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog tias kuaj pom muaj kab mob, koj tuaj yeem tshem lub thawv lossis lub hnab nrog cov av uas muaj kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev no tso cai rau koj siv qhov chaw rationally. Qhov tsuas drawback yog qhov yuav tsum tau manually ntim cov hnab nrog lub substrate, uas yog tsis yooj yim rau loj-scale cog.

Koj tuaj yeem loj hlob nceb hauv qab daus, hauv tsev cog khoom, ntawm dacha lossis hauv koj lub tsev ntiag tug. Qee qhov xyaum ua nceb nceb hauv ib chav tsev. Txhua chav xaiv yuav tsum muaj qhov cua zoo.

Loj hlob hauv qab daus

Ua ntej koj pib cog champignon nceb hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog ntau yam. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv cov txiaj ntsig zoo mycelia, xws li Silvan 130, Houser A15. Lawv yog cov unpretentious thiab heev "prolific".

Rau nceb kom loj hlob, lawv xav tau huab cua ntshiab. Mushrooms emit carbon dioxide, thiab thaum nws siab concentration, cov nroj tsuag pib ncab, nceb ceg lengthens.

Kev paub txog cov nceb nceb thaum loj hlob champignons hauv tsev rau cov neeg pib tshiab pom zoo kom tua kab mob hauv thaj chaw. Yuav kom loj hlob nceb, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tswj kom muaj cov av noo txaus, thiab qhov no ua rau cov tsos ntawm pwm, kab mob fungal ntawm phab ntsa, hauv pem teb, qab nthab ntawm chav tsev. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ua tiav.hauv qab daus.

Ua qhov chaw

Thaum txiav txim siab loj hlob champignon nceb hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lawv qhov zoo thiab ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom tua kab mob hauv thaj chaw. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau ntau txoj hauv kev:

1. Txoj kev ua haujlwm nrov tshaj plaws yog kev siv tshuaj ntxuav tes. Tag nrho cov phab ntsa, qab nthab yog kho nrog whitewash nrog ntxiv ntawm tooj liab sulphate. Txhawm rau npaj qhov sib tov, koj yuav tsum tau dilute ob kilograms ntawm txiv qaub nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej thiab ntxiv ib puas grams ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Qab nthab thiab phab ntsa yog whitewashed nrog cov khoom npaj txhij. Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj no, nco ntsoov siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.
2. Lwm txoj kev yog siv 400 grams tshuaj bleach diluted nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej. Los ntawm txoj kev irrigation, muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv rau cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab.
3. Koj tuaj yeem kho cov phab ntsa thiab lwm qhov chaw nrog 4% Formalin.
4. Lub foob pob hluav taws yog qhov zoo ntawm kev tua kab mob hauv chav, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qab daus txhua lub sijhawm.

Tom qab kev kho mob, chav tsev yog qhov cua zoo.

Qhov cua qhov system

Lub tshuab loj hlob champignon nceb hauv tsev muab qhov cua zoo. Thaum npaj nws, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv chav los ntawm cov kav dej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los kaw cov airbags nrog lub vas. Yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim kev lag luam, tom qab ntawd lub tshuab ua pa yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov kiv cua. Thaum ua tau, hloov tau cov pa purifiers raug teeb tsa.filters.

khoom siv ntxiv

Thaum loj hlob champignons hauv tsev hauv hnab lossis hauv lub thawv, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau chav tsev nrog hygrometer, tus pas ntsuas kub. Yog tias koj npaj yuav loj hlob nceb txhua xyoo puag ncig, ces hauv qab daus yuav tsum tau rhuab.

Thaum lub caij loj hlob ntawm lub caij kub, cov nroj tsuag tau muab dej los ntawm lub raj mis tsuag, thiab nrog cov av noo ntau dhau, chav tsev yog qhov cua.

Hauv qab daus lossis lwm chav uas cov nceb yuav loj hlob, lub teeb ci txaus txaus. Qhov no yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas txawv cov nroj tsuag no los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsis tuaj yeem cog tsis muaj teeb pom kev txaus.

Zoning qhov chaw

Ntawm thev naus laus zis rau kev loj hlob champignons hauv tsev suav nrog kev faib chav rau hauv ib cheeb tsam. Ib qho yog siv rau keeb kwm ntawm nceb. Ntawm no yog siv tshwj xeeb substrate, nrog rau cov mycelium loj hlob. Hauv cheeb tsam thib ob, cov thawv lossis cov hnab ntim cov nceb tau muab tso rau qhov chaw uas lawv yuam.

Nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam sib txawv qhov kub thiab txias yog khaws cia sib txawv. Rau incubation, qhov kub ntawm txog 24 degrees yuav tsum tau, thiab rau kev loj hlob ntawm nceb - tsis siab tshaj kaum yim.

Kev loj hlob substrate

Ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev loj hlob nceb zoo yog kev npaj cov substrate. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom loj hlob nyob ntawm qhov raug ntawm cov txheej txheem npaj.

Feem ntau, ntawm lub ntim mycelium, cov tuam ntxhab qhia tias qhov zoo ntawm cov substrate yuav tsum yog li cas thiab nws li casua noj. Nws txawv me ntsis rau kev loj hlob ntau yam, tab sis feem ntau tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb.

Txhawm rau npaj cov av, muab cov chiv ua chiv thiab khaws cia rau ib hlis hauv qhov chaw muaj cua zoo yam tsis muaj tshav ntuj ncaj qha. Lub compost nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau moist, raws li cov dej noo ntau dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem fermentation.

Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los npaj cov compost nyob rau hauv ib lub canopy kom tag nrho cov emissions yuav weathered. Qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm ammonia qhia txog kev npaj ntawm cov compost.

Thaum ua noj, me ntsis txiv qaub ntxiv rau hauv av thiab txhua yam sib xyaw. Nco ntsoov ntxiv superphosphate chiv raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub pob.

Cov substrate tiav yuav tsum xoob, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob lo rau koj txhais tes. Rotted seem yuav yooj yim disintegrate nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes. Koj tuaj yeem yuav tau npaj ua compost rau kev loj hlob nceb hauv khw muag khoom vaj, tab sis nws yuav tsis muaj txhua yam zoo ntawm cov av hauv tsev.

Cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov compost tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no:

100 Kg, 100 Kg.

Urea lossis ntsev (2 kg).

Chalk (5 kg).

YSuperphosphate (2 kg).

Rau kev npaj av, siv cov chiv tshiab, tsuav nws muaj cov as-ham ntau. Cov khoom xyaw ntxiv yog ntxiv rau nws nyob rau hauv cov qhia proportions. Sawdust, shavings ntawm coniferous ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tso cai nkag mus rau hauv lub substrate, raws li lawv emit resin uas yog detrimental rau nceb.

Straw yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv dej kub rau ib hnub ua ntej siv. Rau qhov no, txhua lub thawv dav yog tsim nyog,nyob qhov twg cov nyom. Tom qab soaking, straw yog nteg nyob rau hauv txheej, alternating nrog manure. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog li tsib txheej. Txhua txheej yog moistened nrog dej kub, tab sis tsis txhob moisten abundantly.

Peb hnub tom qab, qhov kev sib sau ua tiav lawm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, phosphate chiv thiab urea tau qhia. Plaub hnub tom qab, qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau sib xyaw dua, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau nkag mus rau hauv nws.

Tom qab cov nplooj lwg loj tuaj, nws muab tso rau hauv lub hnab lossis lub thawv kom loj hlob nceb.

Y cog mycelium

Txhawm rau cog nceb mycelium hauv tsev koj xav tau:

1. Tau txais mycelium txaus rau cog. Yog li, rau ib square meter ntawm compost, koj yuav xav tau 500 grams ntawm mycelium los yog plaub puas grams ntawm varietal spores.
2. Thaum siv mycelium, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab nws sib npaug rau tag nrho lub thawv nrog av. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yog khaws cia tsawg kawg yog 20 centimeters. Rau cog, me me indentations yog ua nyob rau hauv lub substrate, 5x5 cm loj, mycelium yog nteg nyob rau hauv cov pits. Thaum siv cov spores, lawv tau sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub substrate.
3. Tom qab ib pliag (kwv yees li ob lub lis piam), cobwebs yuav pom nyob rau saum npoo, npog lub thawv nrog av. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, cov av noo yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 80%. Yog li ntawd cov av tsis qhuav tawm, nws tuaj yeem irrigated nrog ib lub raj mis tsuag. Nrog rau thaj tsam me me, cov thawv tuaj yeem npog nrog iav lossis zaj duab xis. Mycelium loj hlob ntawm qhov kub tsis qis dua 24 degrees.
4. Overgrown myceliumsprinkled nrog ib tug tsib-centimeter txheej ntawm compost. Tom qab peb hnub, lub thawv raug xa mus rau qhov twg cov nceb yuav loj hlob los yog qhov kub thiab txias tau qis dua rau kaum tsib degrees.

Rau backfilling siv cov av npaj los ntawm ib feem ntawm limestone, tsib feem ntawm peat thiab plaub ntawm lub ntiaj teb zoo tib yam. Thawj zaug sau tau ob peb hlis.

Ib lub mycelium tuaj yeem sau tau txog yim zaug.

Cov nceb tau sau los ntawm kev sib tw kom tsis txhob kis kab mob nkag mus rau hauv mycelium. Tom qab thawj zaug sau, lub thawv yog rov sprinkled nrog peat sib tov.

nceb nceb hauv vaj txaj

Nws tsis zoo li yuav ua tiav hauv kev loj hlob champignon nceb hauv tsev hauv qhov qhib, tab sis tau txais ntau cov nceb qab rau lub rooj yog ib txoj haujlwm ua tiav.

Rau kev cog qoob loo, xaiv qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo, noo noo. Hauv thaj chaw xaiv, cov av yuav tsum tsis txhob qhuav tawm, thiab lub hnub yuav tsum tsis txhob teeb lub txaj. Thaum tshav kub kub, koj tuaj yeem npog cov nceb nrog cov ntaub npog los tsim kom muaj kev pom zoo microclimate.

Thaum loj hlob sab nraum zoov, tom qab sprouting mycelium, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nchuav cov cobwebs nrog ib txheej ntawm av.

Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws kom loj hlob champignons hauv tsev hauv qhov qhib tsuas yog tsim rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nceb, thiab cov nag yuav pab tsim cov av noo. Nrog txoj kev cog qoob loo no, tom qab kwv yees li ib hlis thiab ib nrab, koj tuaj yeem sau thawj cov qoob loo.

Nyob hauv teb chaws

Txhua txoj kev loj hlob champignons hauv tsev yuav tsum ua raws li kev cog qoob loo. Raws li nws, spores lossis mycelium yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cog rau hauv av npaj ua ntej. Qee cov nceb nceb tshwj xeeb ntshuam av los ntawm hav zoov rau lub hom phiaj no.

Cov substrate xaiv yog fertilized, moistened. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov feem loj, cov seem ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Thaum cog mycelium hauv av qhib, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom saib xyuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov nceb. Nws yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog nees nkaum centimeters. Cov pits lawv tus kheej yog ua kom ntiav - txog tsib centimeters. Tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm cobweb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau sprinkle lub mycelium nrog ib tug tsib-centimeter txheej ntawm av.

Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas, kev loj hlob champignons hauv tsev yuav tsum tau ywg dej ntxiv. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm irrigation. Tom qab sau thawj cov qoob loo, watering yog txo kom cov cag tsis rot.

Thaum txhua nthwv dej ntawm nceb tau sau, lub substrate raug pov tseg. Nws tuaj yeem siv ua ntoo mulch. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom rov thov cov av rau kev loj hlob tom ntej batch. Txhua lub ntim khoom siv yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm kuj tau ua tiav.

Kev lag luam zoo li kev loj hlob champignons hauv tsev tsuas yog tuaj yeem tsim tau yog tias muaj chaw txaus, vim tias koj xav tau tsis yog tsuas yog cog mycelium nyias, tab sis kuj tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm nceb. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab sau qoob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw, uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov nceb cog yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav pib koj tus kheej ua lag luam nceb, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thaj chaw. Ib txhia sivua qhov chaw ob zaug hauv ib xyoos - thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg. Lub sijhawm no, nceb thiab mycelium tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsev cog khoom, thiab tom qab ua tiav qhov cua hauv qab daus, lawv raug coj rov qab.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg cog nceb tau paub

Muaj ntau lub sijhawm sib txawv uas cov neeg cog qoob loo tau ntsib. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas, cov nceb nceb yog qhov nyuaj dua li cov nceb oyster. Rau hom fungus no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj kev pom zoo: qhov cua, kev siv dej, kev siv dej tsis siv neeg.

Tsis txhob cog nceb hauv qab daus ntawm cov tsev ntoo. Muaj kev tu siab thiab kev tshuaj xyuas uas tau hais tias qhov kev xaiv ua lag luam no ua rau muaj kab mob fungal hauv cov ntoo hauv tsev, txawm tias chav ua tiav.

Cov neeg uas loj hlob nceb hauv cov vaj tse pob zeb tsis tshua muaj kab mob fungal. Yeej, txhua cov nroj tsuag txawm, zoo nkauj, noj qab haus huv thiab qab heev.

Kev cog qoob loo ntawm champignons rau cov neeg pib tshiab yog qhov nkag siab zoo, qhov tseem ceeb yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws paub txog nceb cog. Tab sis, raws li lawv hais, kev paub dhau los nrog lub hnub nyoog. Paub txog cov hauv paus, txhua leej txhua tus yuav txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej yuav ua li cas loj hlob nceb. Cov qoob loo thawj zaug yuav ua rau koj thiab koj cov neeg koj hlub, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau cov nyiaj tau los zoo.