Dimensions ntawm ntoo railway sleepers. Reinforced qhob pw tsaug zog: qhov ntev
Dimensions ntawm ntoo railway sleepers. Reinforced qhob pw tsaug zog: qhov ntev

Video: Dimensions ntawm ntoo railway sleepers. Reinforced qhob pw tsaug zog: qhov ntev

Video: Dimensions ntawm ntoo railway sleepers. Reinforced qhob pw tsaug zog: qhov ntev
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Railway sleepers yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho txoj kev loj. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov infrastructure ncaj qha nyob ntawm lawv qhov zoo. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, ntoo thiab reinforced pob zeb lug siv. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lawv, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb tau tsim los txiav txim qhov loj. Lawv qhov tshwj xeeb yog dab tsi?

Ntoo railway sleeper qhov ntev
Ntoo railway sleeper qhov ntev

Kev faib cov ntoo pw los ntawm hom

Qhov ntev ntawm lub txaj ua los ntawm ntoo, raws li lub xeev cov qauv lees paub, yuav tsum sib haum nrog nws hom. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau kev faib cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau.

Sleeper qhov ntev
Sleeper qhov ntev

Ntawm qhov ntau tshaj yog teem caij. Yog li, cov neeg pw tsaug zog tau muab faib ua cov uas npaj rau:

- cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm chav kawm 1, 2 lossis 3, muab tias lawv cov tsheb khiav ceev tshaj 5 lab tons / km hauv ib xyoos, lossis ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau ceev tshaj 100 km / h;

- cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm 3rd thiab 4th chav kawm, nkag mus (nrog kev ua haujlwm hnyav), kev txheeb xyuas, nrog rau kev txais thiab tawm mus - ntawm chaw nres tsheb;

- txhua txoj kab ntsig txog chav kawm 5, suav nrog cov chaw nres tsheb,cais raws li qhov tsis ua haujlwm, nrog rau lwm tus uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm shunting-export.

Cov hom kev taug qab tau tsim los siv, feem, I, II thiab III hom pw tsaug zog. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lawv, tus qauv ntsuas yog li tsim.

Moisture factor

Qhov loj ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau pw tsaug zog ua los ntawm cov ntoo tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus noo ntawm cov khoom. Nws txhais li cas? Qhov tseeb yog tias cov nqi sib xws yog cuam tshuam rau cov av noo tsis tshaj 22%. Yog tias qhov ntsuas no ntau dua li tus nqi teev, ces qhov ntev ntawm tus neeg pw tsaug zog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tsim nyog pub rau shrinkage. Nws tus nqi yog nyob ntawm hom ntoo - coniferous lossis deciduous. Ib qho kev xav tau zoo sib xws kuj tau tsim los rau ntu ntu ntawm cov neeg pw tsaug zog.

Permissible deviations in the dimension of composite sleepers

Qhov loj ntawm tus neeg pw tsaug zog tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov qauv uas tau teev tseg hauv lub xeev cov qauv, nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso cai. Hais txog qhov ntev - nws yog 20 hli, thickness - 5 hli. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tso cai sib txawv ntawm qhov dav ntawm cov seams, qhov siab ntawm ob sab, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov bolts, nrog rau lawv txoj kev sib txawv ntsug ntawm lub axis ntawm lub sleeper.

Ntoo sleepers qhov ntev
Ntoo sleepers qhov ntev

Txheem qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov ntoo pw

Tam sim no cia peb xav txog qhov tseeb, qhov ntev ntawm lub txaj ntoo (HD) tuaj yeem ua tau, nyob ntawm hom.

Rau hom I kev tsheb ciav hlau, cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum yog:

- thickness - 180 mm (deviation ntawm 5mm);

- qhov siab ntawm sawn sab - 150 mm;

- sab saum toj phaj dav - 180-210 mm;

- hauv qab phaj dav - 250 hli (tso cai sib txawv ntawm 5 hli);

- ntev - 2750 mm (kho tau hauv 20 mm tau tso cai).

Rau hom II pw tsaug zog, nws qhov ntev yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv qab no:

- thickness - 160 mm (tso cai sib txawv ntawm 5 mm);

- qhov siab ntawm sawn sab - 130 mm;

- sab saum toj phaj dav - 180-210 mm;

- dav ntawm lub phaj hauv qab - 230 mm (kev sib txawv ntawm 5 mm tau tso cai);

- ntev - 2750 mm (hloov li ntawm 20 mm tau tso cai).

Thiab, hom III pw tsaug zog yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no:

- Thickness - 150mm (5mm kam rau ua);

- qhov siab ntawm sawn sab - 105 mm;

- sab phaj dav - 140-190 mm;

- dav ntawm lub phaj hauv qab - 230 mm (kev sib txawv ntawm 5 mm tau tso cai);

- ntev - 2750 mm (kho tau hauv 20 mm tau tso cai).

Yog li, peb tau txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov loj ntawm cov ntoo railway sleepers, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub xeev cov qauv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo, siv nrog rau cov pw tsaug zog - hloov cov tuav. Peb tshuaj xyuas, dhau los, cov qauv uas tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub xeev ntsig txog lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

Sizes of transfer bars: criteria

Zoo li qhov ntev ntawm tus neeg pw tsaug zog, cov kev ntsuas sib raug rau cov kab teeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lawv hom. Yog vim li cas rau kev faibtseem muaj ob peb lub ntsiab ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv kev xav. Ntawm cov tseem ceeb, xws li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum qhov ntev ntawm tus pw tsaug zog yog txiav txim, yog teem caij.

Yog li, cov khoom siv tau:

- ntawm lub ntsiab lem ntawm chav kawm 1, 2 lossis 3, tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsheb khiav ceev tshaj 50 lab tons / km ib xyoos twg, nrog rau lub tsheb ciav hlau ceev tshaj 100 km / h;

- ntawm cov lem tseem ceeb uas yog 2, 3 thiab 4 chav kawm, nkag mus (nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav), nrog rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev thauj mus los, uas muaj nyob hauv cov chaw nres tsheb;

- ntawm cov kev sib cais raws li chav kawm 5, suav nrog cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, cais raws li cov tsheb thauj mus los tsawg thiab lwm yam, tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev txav ntawm hom shunting-export.

Txoj kev qhia tau sib raug rau I, II thiab III hom hloov chaw tuav.

Raws li cov neeg tsaug zog, cov dej noo tseem ceeb. Yog li, qhov ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hloov pauv, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov ntsuas dej noo ntau dua 22%, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tsim nyog pub rau ziab. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv uas txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm lub sleeper, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov ntoo yog siv los ua lub beams - hardwood los yog softwood. Hauv thawj kis, cov txheej txheem tsim nyog muaj nyob hauv GOST 6782.1-75, hauv qhov thib ob, cov kev cai ntawm GOST 6782.2.-75 tau siv.

Cia peb kawm, ib yam li thaum peb tshuaj xyuas cov ntoo pw, qhov ntev ntawm cov tuav cuam tshuam nrog lawv hom.

Sizes of transfer bars by type

Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog hom I tuav, ces lawv cov yam ntxwv yuav tsum sib haum rau cov hauv qab notus nqi:

- thickness -180 mm (kho tsis pub dhau 5 mm tau tso cai);

- phaj sab sauv dav - 220 mm (nruab nrab), 200 mm (dav);

- hauv qab phaj dav - 260 mm;

- sawn sab qhov siab - 150 mm.

- qhov dav ntawm cov ntoo rau cov khoom tsis raug - 300 hli;

Hom II bar yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

- thickness -160 hli (kev sib txawv hauv 5 hli tau tso cai);

- sab saum toj phaj dav 220 hli (broadened), - 175 hli (ib txwm);

- hauv qab phaj dav - 250 mm;

- sawn sab qhov siab - 130mm.

- qhov dav ntawm cov ntoo rau cov khoom tsis raug - 280 mm;

Cov qauv hauv qab no tau teeb tsa rau hom III tuav:

- thickness - 160 hli (kev sib txawv hauv 5 hli tau tso cai);

- sab saum toj phaj dav - 200mm (dav), 175mm (ib txwm);

- hauv qab phaj dav - 230 mm;

- sawn sab qhov siab - 130 mm;

- qhov dav ntawm nqaj ntawm cov khoom tsis raug - 260 mm.

Length of bars: ntau yam khoom muaj nqis

Tab sis qhov ntev bar yog dab tsi? Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov qauv tswj qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib tug ntoo (railway) pw tsaug zog, thaum tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig nyob ntawm seb hom ntawm cov khoom siv, lawv xav tias nruj nruj raws li cov qauv tsim, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kab teeb, qhov ntev. cov txheej txheem yog ib txwm muaj rau tag nrho lawv hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv tsis tau teeb tsa qhov taw qhia tshwj xeeb, tab sis ib ntus - los ntawm 3 mus rau 5.5 meters nrog kev ua tiav ntawm 0.25 m nrog kev tso cai.deviations nyob rau hauv 20 mm.

Qhov loj ntawm ib tug ntoo railway sleeper
Qhov loj ntawm ib tug ntoo railway sleeper

Bridge tuav: qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim qauv

Yog li, peb tau txiav txim siab dab tsi yog cov qauv uas tswj qhov loj ntawm cov ntoo pw tsaug zog (RW) thiab cov nqaj uas ua tiav rau hauv cov qauv kev tsheb ciav hlau. Tab sis muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj. Peb tab tom tham txog choj kab teeb. Ib yam li qhov loj ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau pw tsaug zog tau tswj hwm, qhov ntsuas no rau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tseem raug kho hauv xeev cov qauv. Cia peb kawm qhov tshwj xeeb no kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov kab nqaj hlau yog ntoo. Lawv qhov loj me yog sib txuam nrog ib qho kev ntsuas - qhov loj ntawm qhov hla ntu, nrog rau qhov tso cai sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas. Lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau rau cov tuav yog ib lub duab plaub. Cov ntsiab lus sib xws ntawm cov kab tsheb ciav hlau tuaj nrog ib ntu:

- 220x240mm;

- 220 x 260 mm.

Bridge tuav ntawm ob hom, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum muaj qhov ntev tib yam - 3250 mm. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm standardization ntawm kev txwv deviations, cov ntsuas yuav txawv. Yog li, rau cov tuav nrog hla ntu ntawm 220 los ntawm 240 hli, qhov sib txawv siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem yog: rho tawm 2 hli (hauv thickness), 15 hli (hauv qhov ntev). Hais txog hom kev tsheb ciav hlau thib ob, cov cim qhia txawv. Yog li, kev hloov kho hauv thickness rau cov tuav nrog ib feem ntawm 220 los ntawm 260 hli tsis muab, nrog rau qhov ntev, tab sis nyob rau hauv dav tus nqi sib raug, uas yog teem rau hauv tus qauv, yog 3 hli.

Nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias, hauv kev pom zoo nrog tus neeg siv khoom, tuav nrog lwm ntu tuaj yeem tsim - 220ntawm 280 thiab 240 ntawm 300 mm, muaj qhov ntev ntawm 4.2 m.

Raws li cov qauv tswj qhov loj ntawm ntoo (kev tsheb nqaj hlau) pw tsaug zog, choj nqaj ntev yog teem rau cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ya raws. Hauv qhov no - 20%. Yog hais tias tus choj kab teeb yuav muaj cov dej noo ntau, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, suav nrog qhov tsim nyog shrinkage nyiaj pub dawb - raws li GOST 6782.1-75.

Txoj kev ua vaj tse pw tsaug zog: kev faib tawm

Cov pob zeb muaj zog tuaj yeem yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov ntoo pw. Cov khoom no yog siv rau hauv kev loj. belongs rau qeb ntawm prestressed. Lawv tau siv thaum tso cov hlua ntawm hom P75, P65, thiab P50. Muaj ntau yam laj thawj los faib cov pob zeb uas muaj zog ntxiv:

- raws li hom fastening nrog ntsia;

- raws li hom kev txhawb nqa prestressing;

- rau cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob insulating;

- raws li qib kev ua haujlwm.

Pw tsaug zog loj
Pw tsaug zog loj

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb xav nyob rau hauv thawj cov txheej txheem - txoj kev uas ib tug reinforced pob zeb pw tsaug zog yog txuas rau cov ntsia hlau. Qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom thiab nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xws. Yog li, nyob ntawm hom kev txuas rau cov ntsia hlau, cov neeg pw tsaug zog yog:

- hom Ш1, tsim los rau kev sib cais sib cais siv bolts los ntawm kev kho lub hauv ob sab ntawm lub txaj pw;

- hom Ш2, tsim los rau kev sib cais tsis sib xws siv bolts los ntawm kev txuas mus rau tus neeg pw tsaug zog tsistsuas yog hauv ob sab phlu, tab sis kuj rail;

- hom Ш3, tsim los rau kev sib cais tsis sib xws siv bolts los ntawm kev txuas ncaj qha rau lub tsheb ciav hlau.

Cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog: qhov ntev thiab lwm yam tsis muaj

Qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog nws txoj haujlwm rau ib qho ntawm cov saum toj no.

Yog li, yog tias peb tham txog tus neeg pw tsaug zog uas yog Ш1, ces nws yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

- xav tau kev ncua deb ntawm cov npoo thrust - 2016 mm;

- qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov sib thooj ntawm ib kawg ntawm cov khoom - 406 hli;

- khoom qhov siab hauv ntu kev tsheb nqaj hlau - 193 hli;

- khoom qhov siab hauv nruab nrab ntu - 145 mm.

Sleeper hom Sh2 yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

- nrug sib cais ntawm qhov sib tw - 2016 mm;

- qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov sib thooj ntawm ib kawg ntawm cov khoom - 406 hli;

- khoom qhov siab hauv ntu kev tsheb nqaj hlau - 193 hli;

- khoom qhov siab hauv nruab nrab ntu - 145 mm.

Railway sleeper loj
Railway sleeper loj

Ib tug pw tsaug zog yog Ш3 yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv qab no:

- nrug sib cais cov npoo thrust - 1966 mm;

- qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov sib thooj ntawm ib kawg ntawm cov khoom - 359 hli;

- qhov siab hauv ntu kev tsheb nqaj hlau - 193 hli;

- qhov siab hauv nruab nrab ntu - 145 mm.

Sleepers qhov ntev qhov hnyav
Sleepers qhov ntev qhov hnyav

Cov no yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas, raws lilub xeev cov qauv, yuav tsum muaj ib tug reinforced qhob pw tsaug zog. Nws qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntev thiab dav yog feem ntau ruaj - feem 2700 thiab 300 hli. Kev sib txawv piv rau cov uas tau sau tseg rau cov khoom ntoo tsis tau muab rau hauv lub xeev cov qauv rau cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau pw tsaug zog ntawm hom sib thooj tsis xav tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov av noo thiab lwm yam ib puag ncig.

Ntoo thiab cov pob zeb ntxiv dag zog: cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb

Dab tsi lwm qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv tuaj yeem raug sau tseg ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog thiab cov khoom ntoo? Thawj yam uas txawv, yog li ntawd, sleepers - qhov ntev. Qhov hnyav kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Qhov taw qhia rau cov ntoo sleepers yog hais txog 80-85 kg, reinforced pob zeb - txog 270 kg. Lub Scope ntawm ob qho tib si thiab lwm yam txawv tsis yog li ntawd. Ntoo sleepers, qhov ntev ntawm qhov uas peb kuaj nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw? keeb kwm preceded reinforced pob zeb, tab sis tseem tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb - tus nqi qis, kev yooj yim ntawm kev thauj mus los, hloov pauv thiab kev thauj mus los, kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau.

Pom zoo: