Sytny Market, St. Petersburg: piav qhia thiab nthuav qhov tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Petersburg ci nrog architecture thiab zais cia. Muaj ntau ntau qhov chaw keeb kwm hauv nroog - pompous palaces khaws cov lus zais ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab kev nyiam nyiam. Avenues thiab txoj kev nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas cov tsheb sib tw raws cov pob zeb paving los yog cov tsheb tsoo li cas ntawm cov dej khov ntawm Lake Ladoga, coj cov me nyuam mus deb ntawm qhov thaiv, thiab ces yeej los ntawm tib txoj kev. Muaj cov chaw hauv St. Petersburg uas nws lub npe keeb kwm thiab lub hom phiaj yeej tsis tau hloov pauv - cov no yog cov khw. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub khw Sytny.

Yuav ua li cas los txog

Rau qhov kev thov ntawm Peter I rau kev tsim kho ntawm St. Petersburg, "cov neeg ua haujlwm" raug coj los ntawm thoob plaws tebchaws Russia. Lawv nyob hauv ib lub pob zeb, raws li haiv neeg, kev ntseeg lossis cov neeg nyob sib ze. Yog li ntawd, tom qab lub Kronverk ntawm Petropavlovka, tom ntej no mus rau lub tshis swamp, ib tug Tatar kev sib haum xeeb tshwm sim, qhov twg Tatars, Kazakhs, Turks thiab lwm cov neeg uas professed Islam nyob. Tsis muaj tsev, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, tab sis muaj yurts nyob txhua qhov chaw. Cov vaj tse tau ntxiv los ntawm lub khw muag khoom, qhov chaw uas lawv muag tsis yog khoom noj, tab sis cov zaub mov npaj tau.

Muag thaum tav su, thaum tib neeg rub lawv tus kheej tom qab ua haujlwm rau hauv tsev. Kev lag luam nrawm tau ua los ntawm pavilions, khw muag khoom, taverns thiab peddling. Petersburg tau tsim, tab sis ntaunws cov neeg tsim vaj tse nyob thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib hais haum. Tam sim no, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub yurts, Tatarsky Lane tau raug pw thiab Cathedral Mosque sawv. Thaum pib, lub lag luam Tatar nyob ntawm Troitskaya Square, tab sis tom qab hluav taws kub ntawm 1711 nws tau tsiv mus rau sab nrauv, qhov chaw kho.

lub npe tuaj qhov twg

Lub npe ntawm St. Petersburg Sytny Market yog dab tsi? Thaum xub thawj, nws muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tab sis lub npe tiag tiag - Glutton, cov neeg tsuas yog hu ua Glutton. Lub khw muag khoom noj tshiab qab, uas tau yuav nrog kev txaus siab tsis yog los ntawm Tatars thiab Kazakhs, tab sis los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ntawm St. Petersburg, boyars, tub lag luam thiab cov tshiab aristocracy, uas feem ntau tshwm sim ua tsaug rau "kev txhawb nqa" thiab nrog rau lub teeb txhais tes ntawm huab tais. Tom qab tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshiab, lub khw tau txais lub npe tshiab dhau sijhawm.

Kev txhais lub npe "Sytny Market" muaj keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm. Raws li St. Petersburg myths xwb, thawj tus tswv xeev ntawm St. Petersburg, Nws Serene Majesty Prince Alexander Menshikov, uas ua siab dawb hlub pies, feem ntau mus xyuas lub khw. Tus kheej yuav khoom noj los ntawm cov tub lag luam, nws noj lawv nyob ntawd, hais tib lub sijhawm: "Zoo txaus siab npaum li cas!"

Qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub npe muaj ntau yam kev xaiv. Raws li ib tug ntawm lawv, nws tshwm sim vim lub lag luam nyob rau hauv "tag nrho" - dej sweetened nrog zib mu. Raws li qhov thib ob version, hmoov tau muag rau hauv pem teb kev lag luam, tom qab sifting nws los ntawm sieves, uas tau muag nyob rau ntawd. Muaj lwm qhov kev piav qhia - chintz tau muag hauv khw, los ntawm qhov chaw thawj lub npe tshwm sim - "Citny Market", cov neeg qub tseem siv lub npe no. Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, dhau sijhawm, lub npe "Sytny", uas paub txog cov neeg kawm tiav, tau pib hauv paus thiab tau los ua lub npe ntawm thawj lub khw St. Petersburg.

Tsis pauv ib leeg

Rau yuav luag 150 xyoo, Sytny kev ua lag luam tau ua qhov chaw ntawm kev tua pej xeem, thiab txhua yam pib thaum lub sij hawm kav Anna Ioannovna, uas tau hais lus rau txim thiab zam txim rau nws nyiam Biron. Ua kev tua neeg hauv ib qho chaw pej xeem los ua ib qho kev tawm tsam ntawm kev hem, lawv tau ua tiav qhov qhia tau. Txhua lub sij hawm ib tug tshiab scaffold tau tsim, uas tau hlawv, feem ntau nrog rau kev tua.

Kev tua tau ua ob qho kev qhia thiab yuav luag tsis pom. Ib qho ntawm cov kab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Sytny lag luam pom nyob rau hnub ntawm kev tua ntawm AP Volynsky thiab nws cov koom tes (Lub Rau Hli 27, 1740). Yog vim li cas rau qhov raug ntes thiab rov ua phem rau tom ntej yog kev sib koom ua ke txhawm rau txwv lub hwj chim ntawm huab tais, tshem tawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws los ntawm tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm thiab txhawb nqa cov neeg saib xyuas hauv tebchaws Russia mus rau cov thawj coj. Raws li Volynsky thiab nws cov phooj ywg, txoj kev kav ntawm Anna Ioannovna puas lub teb chaws, thiab cov German proteges rhuav tshem kev lag luam, plunging lub xeev thiab tib neeg mus rau hauv kev txom nyem thiab dependence.

Kev tua neeg raug tsim txom. Volynsky raug tua los ntawm kev txiav nws tus nplaig, tes thiab lub taub hau, nws cov ntxhais raug xa mus rau tonsured nyob rau hauv monasteries, thiab nws tus tub raug txib mus rau Siberia thiaj li yuav raug xa mus rau cov tub rog nyob rau hauv Kamchatka txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15. Tag nrho cov cuab yeej tau muab rau cov vaj ntxwv nyiam. Ua ke nrog Volynsky, Khrushchev thiab Eropkin raug tua. Simonov, Musin-Pushkin raug ntiab tawm mus rau mines hauv Siberia, thiab Eichler rau Solovetskymonastery.

Lub cim xeeb ntawm qhov raug tua tau khaws cia qhov chaw toj ntxas ntawm St. Sampson Cathedral tau siv, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj chaw ua si. Lub obelisk ntawm 1885 tseem zoo li qub, cov npe ntawm cov neeg tuag tau sau rau ntawm nws. Kev tua neeg kawg ntawm qhov chaw tua neeg ntawm Sitny Market tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 14, 1861. Nyob rau hnub ntawd, Mikhail Illarionovich Mikhailov, uas txaus siab hu rau cov hluas rau lub kiv puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem ntawm huab tais, raug txim, tsis muaj kev tua neeg. Qhov kev txiav txim tau tshaj tawm thaum sawv ntxov tsib, ib rab ntaj tawg hla tus neeg raug txhom lub taub hau thiab xa mus rau nws cov kab lus hauv Siberian mines.

19th century

Lub khw Sytny poob nws qhov chaw ntawm kev tua thiab ib feem ntawm nws thaj chaw hauv kev sib txuas nrog kev npaj ntawm Alexander Park. Tsis muaj dab tsi nco txog qhov chaw tshaj tawm thiab ua tiav cov kab lus. Tam sim no lub suab paj nruag Hall thiab B altic House Theatre nyob ntawm no, kwv yees li ntawm tib qhov chaw.

Petersburg sab thaum tig ntawm 19th-20th centuries yog ib qho chaw tsis muaj koob npe thiab tau nyob hauv cov neeg pluag, tsim kom muaj kev ywj pheej, uas ua rau nws zoo li lub slum.

Vices flourished no, thiab tsis ntev los no, nyob rau hauv 2014, loj graves, lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Lutheran, yos rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 18th, tau pom nyob rau hauv lub qub ib ncig ntawm lub lag luam, txoj kev tshawb no nrhiav tau mus ntxiv. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Sytny Market (St. Petersburg) tau txais lub neej tshiab nrog rau kev tsim kho ntawm Trinity Choj.

20th century

Tom qab kev tsim kho ntev tshaj plaws, lub sijhawm ntawd, tus choj hla Neva, sab Petersburg tau dhau los ua qhov chaw zam rau cov neeg txawj ntse thiabaristocracy. Tshaj li kaum xyoo, ntau lub tsev nyob hauv pob zeb thiab pej xeem vaj tse tau tsim, tsim kom muaj cov duab kos duab tshwj xeeb ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj. St. Petersburg Sytny Market tau txais lub tsev tshiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Architects Marian Lyalevich thiab Marian Peretyatkovich tau muab lub tsev ua kom zoo nkauj hauv Art Nouveau style.

Lub tsev lag luam tshiab tau qhib xyoo 1913. Tab sis txhawm rau txhim kho tag nrho lub zog, tag nrho kev lag luam kev lag luam tsis yog lub hom phiaj. Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tuaj, cov khw noj mov tsis tshua muaj. Cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv, thiab nrog rau nws kev txom nyem, tau coj ib qho kev faib nyiaj rau kev faib khoom, uas txuas ntxiv mus txog rau nruab nrab-1930s. Lub khw Sitny raug kaw tam sim tom qab xyoo 17th. Kev rov qhib dua tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 1936, thaum lub kaw lus kaw tseg.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg

Lub khw Sytny niaj hnub no xav kom rov tsim kho thiab kho dua tshiab. Raws li cov cai tshiab hauv nroog, nws thaj chaw yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob hectares, tab sis lub tsev keeb kwm tsis raug hem nrog kev kaw. Nyob rau hauv 2014, lub tsev lag luam Sytinsky tau muab tso rau hauv kev sau npe ntawm architectural monuments, uas tau los ua ib tug zoo-kev coj. Tam sim no yuav tsis muaj kev txhim kho saum lub tsev, thiab lwm qhov chaw nres tsheb yuav tsis raug khawb hauv qab lub hauv paus.

Sab hauv lub tsev, yuav luag txhua yam zoo li qub: railing ntawm lub tsev sab sauv tseem zoo nkauj, lub skylight nyob rau sab qab teb tseem muab teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv. Tag nrho cov cim ntawm "Tebchaws Europe kho dua tshiab" tau yooj yim dismantled, tab sis cov txheej txheem tseem nyob rau theem npaj.

Xyoo 2010, kev lag luamSytny ua kev zoo siab rau nws 300th hnub tseem ceeb. Nws tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov lag luam loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab Petrograd. Ntxiv rau cov zaub mov, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv hauv tsev, khaub ncaws, khoom noj tsiaj thiab yuav luag txhua yam koj xav tau rau tsev thiab tsev neeg hauv khw.

cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig

Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm kev lag luam hauv pem teb ntawm Sytny lag luam yog yuav luag 2600 sq. meters, qhov twg 524 qhov chaw nyob, qhov muag txhua xyoo ntawm cov khoom yog hais txog 12 txhiab tons. Kev lag luam yog ua txhua hnub thaum 08:00 teev sawv ntxov txog 19:00 teev tsaus ntuj. Ib hlis ib zaug, ib hnub huv si, nws poob rau hnub Sunday kawg ntawm txhua lub hli.

Ib txwm zoo siab rau cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab ua lag luam. Qhov chaw nyob: Sytninskaya Square, lub tsev 3-5. Chaw nres tsheb ze tshaj plaws: Gorkovskaya.