Artillery mount "Nona". Self-propelled artillery installation ntawm Russia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txawm tias nyob rau xyoo tas los ntawm kev muaj nyob ntawm USSR, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev poob qis ntawm cov tub rog, cov tub rog hauv dav hlau yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tau siv rau hauv txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cheeb tsam ntawm thaj chaw qub. Soviet Union. Thiab tsis yog vim li cas, vim hais tias tom qab ntawd cov lus qhuab qhia tau hais kom siv cov tub rog ntawm "Txiv ntxawm Vasya" raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam. Blue berets tau ua pov thawj tias yog qhov ci ntsa iab thaum lub sijhawm Prague cov xwm txheej hauv xyoo 1968 thiab hauv Afghanistan.

Ua li ntawd, koj tsis tuaj yeem yeej ntau nrog rab phom tshuab thiab BMDs: cov tub rog caij nkoj xav tau cov riam phom sai sai uas tuaj yeem tiv taus dhia ntawm lub dav hlau, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua sib piv rau cov phom loj. Tsuas yog artillery, ua ke nrog paratroopers, tuaj yeem ua kom qhov no.

1 Lub sijhawm ntawd, asu-57 thiab asu-57 thiab asu-85 nruab tau nyob hauv kev pabcuam, uas tau tsim los tswj cov cuab yeej hnyav hnyav ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hnyav. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tab sis kev tsaws zoo li no tsis yog siv rau lawv txoj kev xa mus: ACS yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm ntawm lub dav hlau uas tau tsaws rau ntawm lub nkoj.aerodrome. Lawm, tsis muaj lus nug txog qhov tshwm sim tam sim no.

Pib txhim kho lub tshuab tshiab

Tau kawg, qhov xwm txheej tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem haum rau Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab. Kev txiav txim tau muab: pib tsim lub tshuab uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li tag nrho cov kev xav tau saum toj no. Nov yog qhov Nona artillery mount tau tshwm sim. Tau kawg, qhov no tsis tshwm sim tam sim.

Nws txoj kev loj hlob tau pib hauv 60s, thiab BMD-1 tau siv los ua lub platform. Cov phom tshiab tus kheej tau txais lub npe ua ntej 2S2 "Violet". Tam sim ntawd nws tau pom tseeb tias rab phom muaj zog 122-mm, uas yog "qiv" los ntawm Gvozdika tus kheej-propelled phom, tsuas yog rhuav tshem BMD chassis, uas yog qhov tsis zoo rau nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 120-mm tus kheej-propelled mortar "Lily ntawm Valley" tau tsim los ntawm lub chassis ntev, tab sis rau kwv yees li tib lub laj thawj nws yeej tsis tau txais kev pabcuam.

Series "Cov Khoom"

Tam sim no los ntawm nruab nrab-70s, cov haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus tshiab lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov kev xav tau ntawm Airborne Forces ("Object 934" thiab "Object 685") tau tsim hauv Volgograd. Lawv cov riam phom tseem ceeb yog rab phom loj 100 hli. Alas, vim qee qhov kev tsim qauv tsis zoo thiab tsis pom zoo nrog cov neeg tsim khoom, lawv kuj tsis mus rau hauv koob. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev teeb tsa cov tub rog tis nrog cov phom loj loj tau dhau los ua mob hnyav dua.

Birth of "Nona"

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo ntawd, BTR-D armored cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog Airborne Forces. Tsis zoo li tib BMD (raws li nws tau tsim), cov txheej txheem tshiab yog ntau dualifting, raws li lub qub chassis tau ncua los ntawm ib tug khiav cov menyuam.

Thaum kawg, cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering, nrog rau cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm cov lus dab neeg Perm Motovilikha, suav nrog txhua qhov kev paub tsis zoo ntawm lawv cov npoj yaig, tsim cov phom 120-mm 2A51 tshiab. Nws lub cim tshwj xeeb yog tias los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov riam phom no nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib lub tshuab phom loj thoob ntiaj teb uas yuav suav nrog tag nrho cov khoom zoo ntawm mortar, cannon thiab howitzer.

Cov phom tshiab tus kheej, tsim los ntawm cov phom no, tau muaj npe SAU 2S9 "NONA S". Nws yog dav ntseeg tias nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm qee qhov kev mob siab rau ntawm tus thawj tsim qauv, tab sis txhua yam yog ntau dua prosaic: lub npe sawv cev rau "New Av Artillery Gun".

Tus thawj coj txawv ntawm lwm tus qauv

Tau kawg, cov lus hais "Unparalleled nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no" tau teeb tsa cov hniav ntawm ntug rau ntau tus. Tab sis yog hais tias peb tham txog tus kheej-propelled phom 2S9 "NONA S", ces lub stamp no ntau tshaj qhov ncaj ncees.

Qhov tshwj xeeb (peb rov hais dua, lo lus no yog qhov tsim nyog hauv qhov no) ntawm cov lus nug yog tias, muaj qhov loj me me, nws muab lub zog zoo heev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab txawm tuaj yeem siv los hloov pauv. ntau hom riam phom ib zaug! Yuav pib nrog, Nona artillery mount tso cai rau koj tsis tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab infantry, tab sis txawm tua cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, cov yam ntxwv zoo li no ntawm cov phom tus kheej yog vim muaj ntau yam ntawm cov plhaub.

Hais txog cov cuab yeej siv

Lub plhaub zoo li cas tuaj yeem tua hluav taws Nona, cov yam ntxwv uas yuav muab hauv qab no?

High-explosive fragmentation artillery khoom sawv cev tshwj xeeb. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tua hluav taws yog yuav luag 9 km, thiab vim qhov qis (tsis ntau tshaj 360 m / s) pib ceev thiab tshwj xeeb ballistics, lawv tuaj yeem raug rho tawm haujlwm nrog "kev sib txuas". Lawv tau pom lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Afghanistan, thaum lawv tswj kom tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, yam tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv hluav taws ncaj qha nrog lawv. Hais txog kev ua tau zoo, cov plhaub no tsis muaj qhov qis dua rau lawv cov 152-mm howitzer counterparts, uas tau siv dav hauv ob lub tub rog ntawm peb lub teb chaws thiab ntawm NATO cov tswv cuab.

Yog li no, kev teeb tsa Nona, daim duab uas nyob hauv kab lus, yog riam phom tiag tiag.

Mines

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb (nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Airborne Forces) tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev siv lub projectile yog 1.7 km, thiab mines - txog 400 meters. Txij li cov yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom tso cai siv cov qauv 120-mm shells, paratroopers tau nkag mus rau lawv qhov dav tshaj plaws. Nrog rau cov pa hluav taws xob tawg tawg ua rau kuv, lub Nona artillery mount tuaj yeem tua ntawm 7.3 km. Ib qho ntxiv ntawm rab phom loj yog tias nws tso cai rau koj siv 120-mm mines ntawm txawv teb chaws yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv.

Rockets

Ntawm lwm yam, cov foob pob hluav taws ua haujlwm tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov mos txwv thauj khoom. Lawv tsim yog raws li lub dav hlau cav, uas tso cai rau koj mus tua rau 13 kilometers. Hauv lub luag haujlwm no, lub installation"Nona", daim duab uas muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tuaj yeem siv tau zoo rau kev tsim caj npab uas nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab hnyav armored tsheb.

Kev hais tshwj xeeb yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm cov cuaj luaj coj, uas tuaj yeem ua tus kheej ntawm lub hom phiaj los ntawm kev siv lub laser pointer. Lawv ntaus cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lwm yam khoom hnyav los ntawm saum toj no, nyob rau hauv feem ntau tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj hauv qhov no tsis tsawg dua 0.8-0.9. Hom mos txwv no hu ua Kitolov-2. Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv tau zoo los ntawm Nona tus kheej-propelled phom, daim duab uas koj yuav pom hauv kab lus no.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem siv los tawm tsam cov tsheb armored. Nrog rau qhov pib ceev ntawm 560 m / s, qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tsheb ntawm thaj tsam txog li ib mais yog ua kom ntseeg tau, thiab lub peev xwm kub hnyiab tau txog li 600 hli ntawm homogeneous armor qhia tias nrog lawv cov kev pab nws yog ib qho ua tau. defeat tag nrho cov niaj hnub MBTs ntawm ib tug muaj peev xwm yeeb ncuab.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev thauj khoom

Txij li thaum siv cov mines ntawm qhov siab qhov siab yog ib txoj haujlwm hnyav heev rau cov neeg coob, lub tshuab thauj khoom tau nruab nrog lub tshuab tshwj xeeb chambering uas khiav ntawm huab cua compressed. Ntawm lwm yam, lub peev xwm ntawm lub module uas 2S9 Nona siv yog nyob rau hauv kev thov tom qab txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj los ntxuav lub thoob, uas txo cov pa paug ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua compartment, ua rau kom kev nplij siab ntawm cov neeg coob.

Qee yam tshwj xeeb

Vim tias rab phom tus kheej tau tsim los ua rau muaj peev xwm ntawm nws txoj kev tsaws, cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum teeb qhov tsim kom ntau li ntau tau. Ib qho tshwj xeeb aluminium alloy tau siv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tiv thaiv cov neeg coob los ntawm kev siv phom phom. Lub lightness thiab nruj ntawm lub hull muab qhov zoo buoyancy, vim hais tias tus Nona muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej yuam cov dej thaiv.

Lub zog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog 240 l / s, thiab lub siab zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha hydropneumatic ncua kev tso cai rau tus kheej-propelled phom "Nona" kom nrawm ntawm txoj kev loj mus txog 60 km / h, thiab hauv dej. - mus txog 9 km / h. Ntawm lwm yam, lub controllability ntawm ncua kev kawm ntawv tso cai, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xws li ib tug xav tau, kom txo qhov siab ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm 35 cm.

Lwm yam ntau yam

Tom qab Afghanistan, nws tau pom tias Nona artillery mount yog riam phom zoo heev. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau hom pab tub rog nyiam txoj kev loj hlob heev uas lawv tau hais tias lawv xav tau ib yam dab tsi zoo sib xws rau arming tag nrho cov av infantry formations ntawm Armed Forces. Vim li ntawd, rab phom 2B16 tus kheej-propelled phom "NONA-K" tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam.

Ua tsaug rau qhov tshwj xeeb muzzle nres, uas tshem tawm txog li 1/3 ntawm lub zog rov qab, rab phom tau ua lub teeb heev. Nws qhov hnyav tsis tshaj 1200 kilograms. Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm rab phom tuaj yeem muab tais, uas ua kom yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los lossis kev xa mus rau cov xwm txheej nyuaj. Lub tsheb GAZ-66 yog npaj rau kev txav mus los, tab sis nws tau ua pov thawj pom tias txawm tias UAZ-469 tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws txoj kev thauj mus los ntawm txoj kev ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Yog liraws li muaj cov menyuam yaus ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub txaj, yog tias tsim nyog, rab phom tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm cov rog ntawm nws qhov kev suav.

Lwm txoj kev xaiv chassis

Nyob hauv Perm, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tus txawj ntse tshaj plaws Yuri Kalachnikov, 2S23 NONA SVK tau tsim xyoo 1990.

Rau lub chassis hauv no version, BTR-80 yog siv. Yuav kom haum rau rab phom tshiab nyob rau ntawd, tus qauv tsim turret yuav tsum tau rov tsim dua tshiab, ua tau tsim nws tshiab. Qhov txiaj ntsig loj yog qhov zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm BTR hull, ua tsaug uas nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov mos txwv thauj mus los ntawm 2S9 Nona mus txog 30 puag ncig ib zaug. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov plhaub tuaj yeem sau tau tag nrho cov tub rog hauv tsev, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no. Tsis tas li ntawd, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tua tawm ntawm cov haujlwm kaw, NONA SVK tsim suav nrog cov txheej txheem rau kev pub cov plhaub tawm hauv av.

riam phom ntxiv

Txhawm rau muab lub zog hluav taws xob ntxiv, cov neeg tsim qauv tau teeb tsa lub 7.62-mm PKT tshuab rab phom rau hauv lub turret, uas tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm tus thawj coj phom. Rau kev ua tub rog ntxiv ntawm cov neeg coob, plaub Igla MANPADS, plaub AK-74s (lossis sib npaug), thiab kaum lub grenades (RGD lossis F-1, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej) suav nrog hauv cov mos txwv. Ntawm lwm yam, grenade launchers rau pa taws grenades yog tsau rau ntawm tus pej thuam.

Yog li, "Nona" yog riam phom uas muab kev daws teeb meem rau ntau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tsuas yog xa mus rau ib qho infantry lossis airborne tsim.

zootshiab chassis nta

Vim yog siv BTR-80 chassis, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nrawm thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb tshiab. Ua ntej, qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev tau nce mus rau 60 km / h, thiab tam sim no kev caij nkoj yog 600 km. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub log chassis ntawm BTR-80 yog qhov muaj kev ntseeg siab heev thaum siv cov tub rog nyob deb: lub tsheb tuaj yeem yooj yim npog tag nrho 600 mais ntawm nws tus kheej, tsis muaj kev tawg lossis yuam nres.

Ntawm lwm yam, tus qauv chassis ua rau txo tus nqi kho thiab kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau txo qis. Txog rau tam sim no, nws twb tau ua pov thawj tias cov tsheb raws li BTR-80 tus nqi 1.5-2 npaug pheej yig dua los ua haujlwm dua li Nona raws li BRDM-1.

Mortar modification

Txog hnub tim, lub teeb semi-automatic mortar "NONA-M" tau raug tsim, uas yog thauj los ntawm lub breech. Nws qhov hnyav yog qhov uas cov neeg coob tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nws hauv ob peb feeb thiab nqa nws ntawm lawv tus kheej, lossis thauj nws ntawm cov tsiaj ntim khoom thiab lub teeb tsheb. Qhov no ua rau Nonu-M yog riam phom tseem ceeb rau thaj chaw ntoo thiab roob.

Cov Lus Qhia

Hnub no "Nona" tsis muaj qhov sib piv hauv ntiaj teb hais txog lub zog thiab kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv ntau yam kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txij li thaum lub tshuab siv yuav luag tag nrho cov hom phiaj uas siv los ntawm av rog ntawm RF Armed Forces, nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib npaug hauv txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Lub peev xwm ntawm Nona roj teeb yog xws li tias lawv tawm hauv cov txheej txheem mortar crews ntawm motorized rifle units deb qab. Yog li, "Nona" yog riam phom,yeej tsis sib luag hauv cov tub rog hauv teb chaws.

Ntxiv rau, tag nrho cov kev txhim kho uas tau siv hauv kev tsim thiab hloov kho ntawm Nona tau nquag siv los ntawm peb cov neeg tsim qauv thaum qhia txog cov txheej txheem tshiab artillery.

Lwm SPGs hauv Russia

Tej zaum koj yuav muaj lub tswv yim dag tias Nona tus kheej-propelled rab phom yog tib yam riam phom nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv no yog nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog peb lub teb chaws. Tsis yog.

Vienna

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab yog "Vienna", ntau yam zoo ib yam li cov lus piav qhia. Tsis zoo li Nona, nws tau tsim los ntawm BMP-3. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv dhau los, armed nrog ib rab phom 120-mm. Alas, nrog rau tag nrho nws qhov zoo (nce kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, piv txwv li), "Vienna" tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov tub rog yuav luag hauv ib daim ntawv luam.

Dab tsi lwm yam Lavxias teb sab tus kheej-propelled artillery installation muaj? Hauv txoj cai, tsis muaj tsawg ntawm lawv. Cia peb sau cov tseem ceeb:

• 2S19 Msta-S.
• 2C1 Carnation.
• 2C3 Acacia.
• 2C5 Hyacinth thiab 2C25 Sprut-SD.

Txhua tus qauv piav qhia saum toj no, tshwj tsis yog Sprut, yog hnyav hnyav, phom loj uas muaj caliber ntawm 152 hli. Lawv cov dej num txawv me ntsis ntawm cov uas ua los ntawm Nona tus kheej-propelled phom. Yog li, lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tua los ntawm cov haujlwm kaw lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv li, hauv Grozny xyoo 1995 nws yog qhov tseebMsta-S kev teeb tsa tau siv tau zoo los tua cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv hauv qhov tob.

Txhua tus neeg Lavxias tus kheej-propelled artillery mounts txawv ntawm lawv cov Western counterparts los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nrog ib leeg thiab nrog T-72 (thiab T-90, ntsig txog) MBTs. Qhov xwm txheej no ua kom muaj kev kho yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis ntawm kev ua haujlwm.